Recently, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward clear requirements for vigorously promoting agricultural modernization, building a new agricultural production and management system and cultivating new professional farmers. The connotation of "farmer" has become a brand-new "professionalism". By cultivating new professional farmers, we can cultivate a large number of new talents who know technology and can operate, and then promote agricultural modernization. As a traditional agricultural city, Meizhou has an agricultural population of over 70%, more than 4,000 agricultural business entities, and agriculture accounts for 20% of the industrial structure. How to speed up the cultivation of new professional farmers is undoubtedly a topic worthy of discussion.
Enterprise management of new professional farmers' base
Xinweilong Vineyard is located in Xietian Village, Chengdong Town, Meixian District, with crystal clear grapes. This is a company founded by several boys born after 1980s.
Since the establishment of 20 1 1, the grape production base has expanded from dozens of acres to 200 acres. Every year when the grapes are ripe, there are a sea of people here, attracting many tourists to come for sightseeing and leisure picking. Wu Xinran, the relevant person in charge of the company, said that the current yield of Meizhou grape base is 2,000 Jin per mu, which can basically be solved in local domestic sales. This year, the company is also preparing to build a new production base in Huangpu District, Guangzhou.
This is a microcosm of the local "growing mountains to get rich". Compared with traditional farmers, "professional farmer" Wu Xinran is more engaged in agricultural management. Xinweilong Company mainly implements the form of "company+base+farmers". Wu Xinran manages farmers who specialize in agricultural production by managing enterprises, so that these technical farmers can "get more for more work". Management is responsible for the market and planting is responsible for the quality. This meticulous division of labor and responsible agricultural production mode have played a very good role.
What kind of farmers do we need? There is no doubt that it is a new type of professional farmer. 20 12, "new professional farmers" was first written into the "Central No.1 Document". In August of the same year, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture issued the Pilot Work Plan for Cultivating New Professional Farmers. This year's government work report once again proposed to "cultivate professional farmers". It can be seen that the injection of fresh blood into agriculture by professional farmers has been put on the agenda.
Under the tide of entrepreneurship, some rural people have entered the ranks of "new farmers" from "getting rich over mountains". The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward clear requirements for vigorously promoting agricultural modernization, which undoubtedly pointed out the direction for solving the problem of "who will plant the land". The connotation of "farmer" has changed from "hereditary" status to a brand-new occupation.
By the end of last year, the number of elderly people over 60 in China had reached 2120,000, accounting for 15.5% of the total population. With the intensification of rural aging, middle-aged and elderly people have become the main force of agricultural labor force. How to realize refinement, high efficiency and professionalism in agriculture? In this situation, it is very important to cultivate a new type of professional farmers.
Meizhou has explored the cultivation of professional farmers. In order to cope with the new situation, Meizhou City has made a series of reforms and explorations in fertile fields, improved varieties, organizations, brands, markets, finance, insurance agriculture, etc. 10, centering on the two major issues of "who will plant the land" and "how to plant the land", combining with its own situation, and gradually formed a pattern of "getting rich and pioneering" driven by new farmers.
At the same time, Meizhou has also explored many useful experiences. For example, Meixian adopted the "Measures for the Identification of the Cultivation of New Professional Farmers" and the "Support Policies for the Cultivation of New Professional Farmers", so that new professional farmers have priority to enjoy agricultural subsidies such as land transfer, agricultural materials and agricultural machinery that have been issued by the government. In the field and link of agricultural production and management, rewards will be given to agricultural products that have obtained pollution-free, green and organic brand certification.
New technologies use e-commerce to expand sales.
In traditional agriculture, farmers often undertake the whole industrial chain from production to sales, while new professional farmers divide the industrial chain into three links: production, management and sales, freeing farmers from areas they are not good at and concentrating on doing what they are best at. Liu Yutao believes that the "newness" of professional farmers mainly lies in ideology and technology.
According to Liu Yutao, director of Meizhou Agricultural Bureau and doctor of South China Agricultural University, new professional farmers refer to agricultural employees who have scientific and cultural qualities, master modern agricultural production skills and have certain management ability, take agricultural production, management or service as their main occupation, and take agricultural income as their main source of livelihood, and live in rural areas or market towns.
Technically, Meizhou vigorously promotes modern agricultural machinery and improves production efficiency. By the end of May this year, 94 agricultural machinery cooperatives had been established in Meizhou, with 355 members 1 person, 37 farmers158 people and machines1set.
"In the past, 30 workers were needed to pick 20,000 kilograms every day. Now we can export more than 80 thousand kilograms of grapefruit every day. " For the application of new technology, Yang Shousheng, head of Meixian Hengsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Meizhou City, said with great emotion. In the Golden Pomelo Base, shoulder-to-shoulder manual picking has disappeared, replaced by neat mountain fruit transportation machinery.
Li Zhixin, a big grain grower in Xingning, has been working outside for many years. In 2007, he returned to his hometown to farm, and contracted the neighboring town of Tang Ye 1 15 mu of farmland in one breath, becoming the largest local grain grower. Fully mechanized and large-scale production, the yield per mu of two crops in Li Zhixin today morning and evening reached more than 2,400 kilograms. According to the price of high-quality varieties per kilogram 1.6 million yuan, the income from growing grain was more than1.6 million yuan.
In addition to production and planting techniques, agriculture has also ushered in new changes in sales methods. With the development of information technology, the internet has penetrated into rural areas and agriculture, which has inserted the "wings" of e-commerce for agricultural development. Original ecological agricultural products and high-quality agricultural products are generating a new wave of wealth creation opportunities through e-commerce.
"Last year, the online sales of cooperatives reached more than 8 million yuan, accounting for 20% of the total annual sales." Li Yongsheng, head of Meizhou Mu Zi Golden Pomelo Cooperative, said excitedly. Mu Zi Jinyou, who "got an electric shock" on the Internet from 20 13, has achieved gratifying sales performance in two years. In addition, Mu Zi Jinyou not only cooperates with authoritative media, but also has market channels such as Taobao, JD.COM and Li Ben Life. Li Yongsheng said that it has started to connect with cross-border e-commerce, and this year's sales target is 6,543,800 yuan.
This is just a microcosm of Meizhou's agricultural market expansion. After years of exploration and development, Meizhou Agriculture Bureau has successfully established a seamless docking production and marketing market system of "bulk supply and marketing+supermarket counters+community direct supply+e-commerce", which not only solves the problems of "unsalable" and "difficult to sell" agricultural products, but also walks out of a virtuous circle of "best selling".
This is only the initial stage. Next, Meizhou Agriculture Bureau will take Pearl River Delta, Jiechaoshan, Xiamen, Zhang Quan, Beishangguang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as the main positions, create a new e-commerce model of "B2B+O2O", carry out a wider range and higher level of urban-rural docking, production and marketing docking with large and medium-sized cities, establish a linkage platform with the agricultural batch market, introduce and train e-commerce talents, and expand the sales territory of Meizhou agricultural batch market.
The new problems faced by farmers' professionalization are heavy resistance and a long way to go.
With the rise of new professional farmers, problems have followed. Some experts believe that to develop new professional farmers, we have to pass the threshold of talents, funds and supporting facilities.
What are you most worried about in the future? Wu Xinran thinks he is a professional agricultural talent. Now in the countryside, most young people are reluctant to farm. Even if the remaining middle-aged and elderly people and women are willing to do farm work, they still need further training in the use of new technologies.
There are not a few farmers who encounter this dilemma. In Dongshan Village, Jiaocheng Town, Jiaoling County, grapefruit fruits covered with branches are shining with golden light. Although the grower Wang Jinyang is full of joy, he can't help but look sad. Young and middle-aged people in rural areas have gone to work in cities, leaving only the elderly and children at home. When farming is busy, the shortage of labor is simply not enough.
Wang Jinyang said that it is even difficult for everyone to spend 100 yuan-120 yuan a day. "Young people don't want to farm, one is afraid of hardship, and the other is that they don't know how to plant it. Many young and strong laborers employed during the busy farming season need on-site training, which also brings some minor troubles to farm management. "
In the past, the annual per capita net income of farmers was already lower than the income of one month's labor. A large number of rural people put down their farm tools and went to work in cities, leaving only women, children and the elderly. They are called "troops". Now many young rural laborers "can't do it and don't want to be farmers".
In addition, there is the issue of land transfer. Because it is located in the mountainous area, the land is scattered, and local farmers are away all the year round, it takes a long time to confirm the land. Land circulation is faced with obstacles at different levels, and it is also difficult to expand management and unified management.
Li Zhixin said that many farmers are worried about whether the second land transfer will become someone else's because of their low educational level. Because of distrust, some farmers are reluctant to contract out their land, preferring to watch it go to waste.
It is impossible to expand the scale of enterprises without money, and the financing dilemma is also a big problem. With the gradual expansion of business scale, traditional private lending can no longer meet the demand. However, due to the difficulty in confirming the right and evaluating the value of rural land, Li Zhixin's land, housing and other warrants and assets cannot be mortgaged, and it is impossible to break through the dilemma of "family workshops". "Financing" was once the biggest heart disease.
In addition, different from the original scattered small-scale peasant economy, Meizhou's growing new agricultural business entities will also put forward higher requirements for financing financial services, brand markets and agricultural insurance.
Liu Yutao said that in the next step, Meizhou Agriculture Bureau will strive for steady progress in the reform of maintaining stability, from the organization and informationization in the upstream, the mechanization and socialization of services in the midstream, the branding and marketization in the downstream, to the whole chain reform of land, talents and capital (finance and insurance), and gradually embark on a unique road of agricultural development and reform in mountainous areas, and gradually realize the transformation and upgrading of "guaranteed supply" and "innovative development"
In the long run, the new professional farmers will regard agriculture as a fixed or even lifelong occupation, and they are the real agricultural heirs. Cultivating new professional farmers not only solves the realistic problem of "who will plant the land", but also solves the deep problem of "how to plant the land". However, we should also see that the growth of farmers in new industries still depends on themselves, and the government can only provide them with a favorable environment.