(A) the origin of etiquette:

China has a civilization history of 5,000 years, and is known as "the state of etiquette". China people are also famous for their polite style. Etiquette civilization, as an important part of China traditional culture, has a wide and far-reaching impact on the social and historical development of China, and its content is very rich. Etiquette covers a wide range and permeates almost every aspect of ancient society. From ancient times to the present, people have made various discussions on the time and reasons for the emergence of etiquette. To sum up, there are basically the following theories about the origin of etiquette:

1, the etiquette of the gods,

2. Ceremony is the unity of heaven and earth.

3. Rites originate from human nature.

4. Rite is the product of the contradiction between human nature and environment.

5. Etiquette comes from reason and begins with vulgarity. What is etiquette? Etiquette is etiquette and ceremony.

(B) the development of etiquette

1, budding period-primitive society period, this is also a caveman in Zhoukoudian, decorated with Zeng bones and scattered on the dead.

2. Innovation period-Neolithic Age, Banpo site, Yangshao culture, etc. , is humble and orderly, men and women are different.

3. The formation period-Bronze Age, the disintegration of primitive society, the transition of slave society and the warming of labor activities. The Yin Dynasty was overthrown and replaced by the "Zhou Li" of the Zhou Dynasty, which systematically brought people's behaviors and psychological emotions into an equal and orderly mode and required people to act according to the etiquette.

4. At the early stage of development-at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the so-called "ritual collapse and bad music" appeared. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius, Mencius and other ideological saints appeared one after another, developing and innovating the etiquette theory. Confucius thought: If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand, but you should do "see no evil, don't listen if you are indecent, don't move if you are indecent". In his Analects, there are 74 points that etiquette requires people to regulate their behavior first, so he is the most representative figure who advocates governing the country with etiquette. The connotation of ancient rites is divided into two aspects: one is the laws and regulations, such as the laws and regulations of various dynasties, and the other is the behavior of all people in society, which is the concrete formation of laws and regulations in the specific implementation process.

5. Intensive decline period (22 BC1) (Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties)

Qin Shihuang annexed six countries to unify China and established the first feudal dynasty in the history of China, which became the foundation of the feudal system that lasted for more than two thousand years. The etiquette research in Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty achieved fruitful results. In the Ming dynasty, the ceremony of making friends was perfect, and there were more and more etiquette such as loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness. In particular, the development of family etiquette in the Song Dynasty is a feature, with Sima Guang (Beijing historian) and Zhu Xi (Southern Song Neo-Confucianism) as the main representatives and Zhu Zijia's ceremony.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing regime was corrupt, the people were poor, and ancient etiquette prevailed. Some western etiquette was introduced, and the army of Beiyang New Army began to replace the untimely tempering ceremony with the hand-raising ceremony of the western army.

Second, the concept of etiquette

1. Etiquette has always been valued by countries all over the world. This is because etiquette is the guideline to guide and coordinate the relationship between individuals and groups, nations and nations, foreign affairs and even countries, and it is also the guideline to deal with the relationship in social communication.

2. Etiquette refers to people with different history, customs, religions, systems and trends. , in various specific social interactions show mutual respect for the appearance, appearance, etiquette, manners and other aspects of the established norms and procedures. Etiquette is also a kind of etiquette, a virtue and an education.

3. "Etiquette" refers to the ceremony of addressing. For example, "Miss Etiquette" is the lady in charge of etiquette and ceremony. "Etiquette" and "etiquette" have completely different meanings. "Rite" refers to the social norms and moral norms in ancient China, and is the general name of social laws, norms and ceremonies.

Etiquette refers to the code of conduct and norms that people form in order to respect each other in social communication activities. Yili, Zhou Li and Book of Rites are collectively called "Three Rites". Sanli is the earliest and most important etiquette work of China.

Etiquette usually refers to polite and ceremonial requirements and ceremonies held on large or grand occasions to show attention, respect and respect. 1. Meeting etiquette 1. Greeting etiquette: Party and government officials are called posts, and business comrades are called posts, gentlemen, ladies and ladies. The so-called etiquette generally refers to the humility between people, the behavior of respecting and caring for others, the etiquette of treating people, the style of honesty and frugality, and the way of being polite and humble. In short, etiquette is not only the external beauty of people, but also the internal beauty of people.

6. Etiquette refers to the code of conduct and standards that people in a certain social relationship agree and abide by in their communication. Etiquette literacy refers to the cognitive level and level of behavioral norms and standards in interpersonal communication.

7. Etiquette refers to the procedure of people's communication with others and society, as well as the external performance of the code of conduct when implementing communication behavior, which is more manifested as a conventional code of conduct. Etiquette involves very complicated contents and a wide range.

8. Etiquette refers to the code of conduct and norms that people follow together in social communication. The Chinese nation is known as a country of etiquette, and Tessa has always respected etiquette. Xunzi emphasized in Xunzi's Cultivation that "people are rude when they are not born, things are rude when they are not born, and countries are uncomfortable and rude."

Third, the essence of etiquette:

1, the essence of etiquette is the way to treat others, which is a derivative of the belief in ghosts and gods. People think that everything is manipulated by invisible ghosts and gods, and performing etiquette is to please ghosts and gods to get happiness. Therefore, etiquette originated from the belief in ghosts and gods, and it is also a special embodiment of the belief in ghosts and gods.

Fourth, the characteristics of etiquette:

It is generally believed that etiquette has the characteristics of universality, homogeneity, inheritance, difference and development of the times.

Five, etiquette principles:

We should follow the four basic principles of respect, compliance, moderation and self-discipline.

Six, etiquette research object:

Etiquette mainly takes etiquette rules, etiquette norms and etiquette activities as its own research objects.

Seven, the content and learning purpose of etiquette research.

The research contents of etiquette mainly include the history of etiquette, basic theories and methods of etiquette, personal etiquette, social etiquette and foreign affairs etiquette.

Cultivate and improve learners' sense of morality, responsibility and rules through learning. To improve learners' comprehensive quality and etiquette theory level, the knowledge they have mastered is practical, timely and operable.

Eight, the role of etiquette

Generally speaking, the function of etiquette is a means to express the relationship of different status between people and to adjust and deal with the relationship between people. The function of etiquette is shown in the following aspects:

1. Respect function

The function of respect is to show respect and respect to each other, and at the same time, the other party returns the gift. Polite and polite communication behavior includes mutual respect.

2. The role of constraints

Etiquette, as a code of conduct, has a strong constraint on people's social behavior. Etiquette, once formulated and implemented, has become a social custom and social code of conduct over time. Anyone who lives in a certain etiquette, customs and normative environment is consciously or unconsciously bound by etiquette. People who consciously accept etiquette are the signs of "mature people". People who don't accept etiquette will be bound by morality and public opinion, and even forced by legal means.

3. The function of education

Etiquette has an educational function, which is mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, it respects and restricts etiquette. Etiquette, as a moral custom, has a edifying effect on everyone in the whole society. On the other hand, the formation, perfection and solidification of etiquette will become an important part of the traditional culture of a certain society, which will be passed from the older generation to the new generation, generation after generation and generation after generation with the help of the power of "tradition". In social progress, the educational function of etiquette is of great significance.

4. The function of adjustment

Etiquette has the function of regulating interpersonal relationships. On the one hand, etiquette, as a norm, a procedure and a cultural tradition, plays a role in regulating, restraining and adjusting the relationship model between people in time; On the other hand, some etiquette forms and activities can resolve contradictions and establish a new relationship model. It can be seen that etiquette plays an important role in dealing with interpersonal relationships and developing healthy and good interpersonal relationships.

Nine, the development prospect of etiquette

China has always been a "state of etiquette". Etiquette is not only an important part of ideology and morality, but also an important form of spiritual civilization construction. Etiquette not only reflects a person's mental outlook, but also reflects the moral fashion of a unit, a region and even the whole society. With the increasingly frequent communication between people and countries, as well as the exchange and collision between eastern and western cultures, etiquette and customs around the world have been continuously integrated and developed. Colleges and universities should bring the etiquette education of college students into the training process.

(A), college students and etiquette

(2), Baoshan etiquette

(3) Etiquette in China.

(4), international etiquette

Carnegie's road to success and Jimmy Donan's success strategy have both derived the same formula: personal success = 15% professional skills +85% interpersonal and social skills.

Ten, talk about the status quo of etiquette.

The market originated in the west, and the Confucian culture in China is not the most suitable soil for the development of market economy. Now, if we want to transplant the traditional Confucian credit system into the market economy, we will certainly face many reconstruction problems. China is a country with traditional etiquette, but now, this country with a history of 5,000 years has not found a fulcrum to build a social credit system. In the past, we often said that the western world was "cheating and greedy", but now it seems that it is far more honest than our country of etiquette. Such as: the proliferation of counterfeit products, false advertising, deception, tax evasion, forgery of false accounts, malicious arrears and other phenomena.

Spitting everywhere, making a loud noise in public places, smoking in non-smoking areas, and making actions or words that insult others unconsciously or consciously all the time. I can't help asking, is this a state of etiquette hyped by the media? It was the Tang Dynasty hundreds of years ago. There's an old saying in China that heroes don't mention their bravery. Why did the media brazenly publicize the past? What's more, where can we see a word of etiquette in the current situation of our country? If our doorstep is really a country of etiquette, why should we start a national activity to learn etiquette before 2008?

First, people in China litter, spit everywhere, wipe gum at will, and don't flush when going to the toilet.

Second, damage cultural relics, play in religious places, and disrespect local customs.

Third, taking public transport means not respecting the old and loving the young, competing for crowding, queuing up and not obeying the rules.

Fourth, make a loud noise in public, sit and lie casually, be disheveled, and call names rude.

Fifth, ignore the no-smoking sign, waste the buffet, don't tip the service staff, and love to take advantage of small things.

These things are trivial on the surface, but they do form an idea and a bad image of China people. China is developing faster and faster, and its economy is more and more developed, but its quality is getting worse. What is said here is that apart from some inevitable cultural differences, we should really reflect on ourselves and ask ourselves. China, an ancient and mysterious oriental country, is it still a country of etiquette?

Eight, common sense of etiquette

(A), the role of etiquette (cultivation)

1, interpersonal harmony, mutual respect and assistance 2, enhancing self-confidence, moving freely 3, paying attention to appearance, being respected 4, doing as the Romans do, being successful 5, paying attention to principles and defending national dignity.

(2) Politeness principle in conversation

1, the criterion of belittling yourself and respecting others 2, the criterion of proper address 3, the criterion of speaking gently 4, the criterion of seeking common ground tactfully 5, and the criterion of moral words and deeds.

(C), the basic skills of conversation

1. Don't panic. Listen carefully. 2. Think before you speak. Watch your reaction. 3. Choose a theme. Try to speculate. 4. Say compliments skillfully. Sincere and decent. 5. Be humorous. 6. Make eye contact and understand each other. 7. Speak softly. Be lenient with others. 8. Use honorifics. Show courtesy. 9. Respect customs and pay attention to taboos.

(4) Common sense of ancient etiquette

1. China traditional etiquette can be summarized as "four dimensions" and "eight virtues" in terms of moral norms. "Four dimensions" refer to etiquette, courtesy, honesty and shame, and "eight virtues" include loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, faith, righteousness, harmony and equality. Understanding etiquette is the basis of "keeping etiquette". The second is "keeping ceremony", and the real "knowing ceremony" will eventually be manifested through keeping ceremony. Rites are the expression of personal comprehensive quality and the exposure of personal accomplishment. Modern "courtesy" requires us to be kind to others, respect the old and love the young, cherish public property, observe order, be helpful, protect the weak, study hard, serve the people and safeguard national interests. Chinese etiquette plays a quasi-legal role in China culture.

2. Nine worships during sacrifice: kowtow, nod, empty bow, vibration, auspicious worship, fierce worship, strange worship, praise worship and Subai.

3. Sacrificing the sages: After the Han and Wei Dynasties, the Duke of Zhou was a sage and Confucius was a teacher; In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was the sage and Yan Hui was the teacher. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the ceremony of "releasing wine" has always been a ritual of learning and a ritual of offering sacrifices to Confucius. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, wine-releasing ceremonies were held twice a year in the spring and autumn, and Confucius and Yan temples were also set up in county schools all over the country. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius was called "the most holy teacher". In the Qing Dynasty, Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning Province) established the Confucius Temple. After making Beijing its capital, imperial academy, the capital of Beijing, was elected as imperial academy and set up a Confucian Temple. Confucius called it "the forerunner from Dacheng to Wenshengxuan". Qufu's temple system, sacrificial vessels, musical instruments and etiquette are all based on Beijing imperial academy. Rural drinking ceremony is the product of offering sacrifices to sages.

4. Meeting ceremony: When subordinates meet their superiors, they should pay their respects to each other, and officials should pay their respects to each other. Hou and Xu will greet each other when officials meet. The subordinates will pay homage in the west first, and the superiors will pay homage in the east. When civilians meet, the young and the old salute, and the young salute. Say goodbye to the four foreign worshippers and pay homage nearby.

5. Military salute: including conquest, taxation, hunting, construction, etc.

6. Birthday Ceremony: From the time a woman asks for a child when she is not pregnant to the baby's first birthday, all the etiquette revolves around the theme of long life. Birthday ceremonies have a preference for sons over daughters since ancient times. Birthday ceremonies also include "Three Dynasties", "Full Moon", "Hundred Days" and "One Year". "Three Dynasties" is three days after the baby was born. The "full moon" shaves the fetal hair when the baby is one month old. In the "Hundred Days" ceremony, the uncle was recognized and named. When you are "one year old", you should grasp the rites of the week and predict the fate and career of your child.

7. Adult ceremony: also known as coronation ceremony, it is a coronation ceremony for men to enter the ranks of adults. Many ethnic minority areas in China still have ancient adult rituals, such as pulling teeth, dyeing teeth, wearing skirts, trousers and tying a bun.

8. Five Sacrifices: Sacrifices to doors, households, wells, stoves and middle rooms. In the Zhou Dynasty, people visited households in spring, roamed around in summer, visited doors in autumn and visited wells in winter. During the Han and Wei dynasties, there were five sacrifices every season, and in March of Meng Dong, there was a total sacrifice. In the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, the theory of "Seven Sacrifices to Heaven Emperor" was adopted, offering sacrifices to Siming (a minor god in the palace), Zhong You, Guo Hang, (a wild ghost), Hu and Zao. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were still five sacrifices. After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the special sacrifices of doors, households, middle schools and wells were abandoned, and the stove was only sacrificed on December 23, which was consistent with the folk story that the kitchen god told the sky on December 24. The national sacrificial ceremony adopted a folk form.