The pattern of oriental flower arrangement consists of three main branches, which are called "subject, guest, envoy", "heaven, earth, people" or "truth, goodness and beauty" according to different genres. Although the titles are different, they all express the philosophical thoughts of the orientals.
In China floral art, we call the longest branch "making branch". Taking "Zuozhi" as a reference, the basic flower patterns can be divided into: upright, inclined, flat, tiled and upside down.
Upright type
Stand the branches upright and insert them at an angle not exceeding 30 degrees. The pattern is peaceful and steady, and the upright pattern is often used in formal and grand occasions.
Inclined type
Branches are inserted at an angle of 30-60 degrees. The pattern is leisurely and beautiful, and the works inserted at will are suitable for daily life.
Flat type
Branches are inserted from the opening of flower organs at an angle of 60-90 degrees. The pattern is free and easy, with strong sense of movement and personality, and it is inserted in special occasions.
Tile type
To make branches different from other patterns, they should be "upright first and then inclined out", but inserted directly along the edge of flower organs or water surface. The pattern is peaceful, comfortable and satisfied.
Inverted type
Make the branches protrude from the flower organ and bend below the edge of the flower organ. The pattern has a strong sense of conquest and adventure, showing a strong flavor of life.
The basic pattern classification of western flower arrangement generally refers to the traditional art forms of flower arrangement in Europe and America. There are many brightly colored flowers, most of which are inserted with geometric figures. The following are some basic patterns of western flower arrangement.
Hemisphere type
Is this the pattern we see the most? Cut the flower material into the same length and insert it into the flower paste to form a hemisphere. Hemisphere flower is a kind of flower pattern with flowers blooming all around, which is soft and romantic and suitable for weddings, festivals and other occasions.
triangular form
Also divided into symmetrical triangle and asymmetric triangle. In ancient civilizations such as ancient Egypt, it was often used as decoration. Symmetrical triangle is relatively stable, but all of them are single-sided patterns, which are often used on desktop or corner furniture against the wall.
horizontal
Horizontal flower is also a flower pattern in all directions, which originated from the decorative flowers used in ancient Greek sacrificial altars and is now commonly used in conference tables, dining tables and lecture platforms. Similar to the hemisphere, the horizontal flower is also a beautiful flower pattern on all sides, luxurious and rich.
Flower fan type
Fan-shaped flowers are radioactive semicircles, luxurious and beautiful, just like proud peacocks. Feather and lace fans originated from the hands of court women. Suitable for porch, wall decoration and tables placed against the wall.
Waterfall type
Like cascading waterfalls, waterfall-like flowers are inserted from top to bottom, which has a flowing, soft and romantic feeling. This is also the most commonly used flower pattern for brides besides spherical shape, right?
Western flower arrangements are conical, oval, spherical, vertical and horizontal, as well as letter-shaped S, T and L, each with its own charm. Let's get to know it!
(2) Determination of the size of flower arrangement
The proportion of flower materials and flower devices should be coordinated. Generally speaking, the height of flower arrangement (that is, the height of the first main branch) should not exceed 1 of the height of the flower arrangement container. 5-2 times, the height of the container is calculated by the diameter of the bottle mouth plus its own height. After the first main branch height is determined, the second main branch height is 2/3 of the first main branch height, and the third main branch height is 1/2 of the second main branch height. In the specific creative process, it is enough to observe intuitively with experience. Second, the third main branch plays a balanced role in composition, and the number is not limited, but the size and proportion should be coordinated. The proportion of natural flower arrangement materials and flower devices must be appropriate, so that they are scattered and dense, and avoid sun exposure, shrinkage and unkempt. Conventional flower arrangement and abstract flower arrangement are best handled according to the golden ratio, that is, the bottle height is 3, the flower material height is 5, the total height is 8, and the ratio is 3: 5: 8. Bouquets can also be wrapped in this ratio.
(C) color configuration of flower arrangement
The color arrangement of flower arrangement is not only a portrait of nature, but also an exaggeration of nature. The choice of main color should be suitable for the use environment. Strong and warm colors (red, orange and yellow) are suitable for festive parties, dance halls, restaurants and exhibition halls; Bright and clean neutral color is suitable for study, living room and bedroom; Cool colors (light yellow, green, blue, purple and white) are often used in mourning places.
As far as the types of flowers are concerned, the wood is deep and powerful, and the grass is clear and lovely. Natural floral art is dominated by gorgeous colors that are not chaotic and dazzling. Even if there are no flowers, pine and cypress can be the protagonist. The floral pattern is strong and warm, and you can also combine contrasting colors in the same work.
As far as the color matching of flowers and containers is concerned, the simple and clean fine vase and elegant chrysanthemum have a sense of coordination; Strong and decorative dahlias, with thick clay pots with black glaze, can show their rough charm; Light blue water sprouts a low-density pink daisy or Xiao Ju; Gerbera jamesonii should be inserted into a crystal clear glass flask with branches wrapped around the bottle.
As far as the characteristics of eastern and western floral art are concerned, western floral art is flourishing, with strong colors and strong contrast; Oriental floral art, however, has few branches, pays attention to the beauty of natural posture, and is good at elegance with faint colors. Flower arranging props (1) flower arranging tools
There are many kinds of flower devices, which are necessary for pattern design. Pottery, glassware, rattan, bamboo, straw, chemical resin, etc. There are many kinds of materials and forms. The flowerpot should be selected reasonably according to the design purpose, purpose and flower material.
Glass flower device
The charm of glassware lies in its transparency and shining luster. Colored glass mixed with metal acidulant and utensils with patterns on the surface can set off the beauty of flowers well.
Plastic flower pots
More economical props. It is cheap, light, rich in colors and diverse in shapes. This design is versatile.
Ceramic flowerpot
The most common props in graphic design. Chinese style, Japanese style and western style have their own advantages, highlighting national customs and their respective cultures and arts. Therefore, the choice of use must first conform to the design style.
Rattan, bamboo and straw
Various forms, because of the use of natural plant materials, can reflect the meta-leaf style. More suitable for natural and interesting shapes, not artificial.
Metal flowerpot
Made of copper, iron, silver, tin and other metal materials. It gives people a sense of solemnity, frankness and luxury, and also reflects the artistic development in different historical times. In the art of flower arrangement in the East and the West, it is an indispensable prop.
Plain-fired pottery
In the trend of returning to nature, plain pottery has its unique charm. Coupled with its natural flavor, the whole work looks simple and elegant.
(2) Basic props of flower arrangement
The plastic arts of flowers are inseparable from various basic props. Reasonable selection and use of props can prolong the flowering period and reflect the designer's artistic accomplishment and technical level. The following are the most basic props and materials.
sellotape
There is paper and plastic. Generally used to wrap wires, especially processed flowers, to prevent dehydration. There are many colors, which should be selected according to the color of the flower stem and the purpose of design.
Iron wire (or copper wire)
It is necessary to fix or maintain the shape of the flower branch with iron wire and bend it artificially. There are many kinds of iron wires with different models, which are divided into 18-30 according to the thickness, and selected according to the design intention.
Huajian
Flower scissors and flower knives are the most important tools for cutting flower stems and branches. Use it selectively according to the different trimmed flowers. Generally speaking, when pruning some tough branches, use flower scissors, and when pruning the length of flowers, use flower knives, because the cutting surface of flower knives is relatively flat, and the incision is inclined, which is beneficial to preservation.
Flower mud
Flower mud is a kind of super absorbent chemical substance, which is used to fix flower materials. Good water retention and simple use method. Flower mud can be divided into flower mud and dried flower mud. Dried flower mud is generally brown and flower mud is green. Flower mud has various shapes, which should be selected according to the pattern. Dried flower mud is designed for dried flowers and cannot absorb moisture. Flower mud needs to be fully saturated with water before it can be used. When soaking, you should absorb water as naturally as possible, without any pressure, otherwise it will cause the situation of wet outside and dry inside, which will directly affect the water absorption efficiency of cut flowers. Selection of flower materials (1) What materials can be used for flower arrangement?
As long as it has ornamental value, you can put it in water for a long time or watch it without watering for a long time, and you can cut it and arrange flowers. Of course, the materials of flower arrangement are not limited to living plant materials, and sometimes some dead branches and withered inflorescences and fruit sequences also have beautiful shapes and colors, which can also be used for flower arrangement. There are many artificially processed dried flowers in the flower market, which are also good materials for flower arrangement. Although not as moist and energetic as flowers, they have unique natural colors, even lower, or processed into unique colors. In addition, there are artificial flowers of various textures, such as silk flower, plastic flowers, paper flowers and metal flowers. The flower arrangement works made of them can be put in the living room, which can not only decorate flowers, but also be economical and practical.
(2) Skills of buying cut flowers
(1) The longer the flower branch, the fresher it is. In order to keep fresh and improve water absorption, flower shops cut off the lower ends of flower branches every day. Therefore, the longer the stem, the fresher the flowers.
(2) Observe the overall shape of the flower material. All leaves are slightly withered, yellow or soaked in water, and the leaves turn into brown-black stems, which are not fresh enough to be purchased.
(3) Touch the flower branches in the water with your hands. Touching the branches in the water with your hands feels slippery, indicating that the flowers have been placed for 5-6 days, and the freshness is poor, which is not suitable for purchase.
(4) Most flowers are in full bloom and should not be purchased.
(5) The pattern is too small to buy. The reason why the pattern is too small may sometimes be the removal of the peripheral petals.
(6) the color should be bright. Petals should be elastic and brightly colored.
(3) Flower shape
Linear flower (linear flower) The whole flower material is long or linear. Using the natural form of plants such as straight lines or curves, the outline of modeling, that is, skeleton, is formed. For example: snapdragon, verbena, delphinium, gentian, silver bud willow, forsythia and so on.
Formal flower (formal flower) is a big flower with its own unique shape and looks very individual. As the most striking flower in design, it is often used in visual focus. The characteristics of its own modeling make its personality more prominent, so we should pay attention to its characteristics when using it. For example: Lily, Anthurium, Bird of Paradise, Peony, etc.
Cluster flowers (block flowers) Cluster flowers are concentrated in large circles or blocks, which are generally used between linear flowers and irregular flowers, and are important flower materials to complete modeling. When no flowers are set, the most beautiful and blooming flowers can be used instead of setting flowers and inserted in the position of visual focus. For example: carnation, gerbera, rose, Pulsatilla, etc.
Filled flowers have many branches and smaller flowers, and there are many small flowers on a branch or a stem. It has the function of filling the modeling space and connecting flowers. For example: Xiao Ju, Lilac, Mantianxing, Freesia, White Peacock, etc. [Edit this paragraph] Step of flower arrangement (1) Pruning: First, remove the broken branches and leaves of flowers, prune them according to different styles, and bend them according to the needs of composition (in order to prolong the hydroponic time, it is suitable for pruning in water).
(2) Fixation: In order to make the flower posture according to your idea, generally, according to the diameter and length of the bottle mouth, two thick branches are taken from the bottle mouth of the flower device and cross-fixed at the bottle mouth. Professional flower arrangement, but also color flower arrangement, flower stickers, aluminum wire and other tools to fix.
(3) Insertion sequence: Generally, it is easy to arrange flowers before inserting leaves, so it is easy to reduce the height of flowers when inserting leaves. The correct order of flower arrangement should be material selection, landscape leaf selection and flower arrangement. [Edit this paragraph] The basic skills of flower arrangement Flower arrangement is an art. In the Ming Dynasty's floral monograph "The History of Bottles", it was mentioned: "Flower arrangement should not be too complicated or too fine, and it should be more than two or three kinds. The layout of high and low density should be picturesque." Family flower arrangement is really exquisite.
Main flower arrangement-choose the strongest and most beautiful flower branch as the main branch, highlight the center and insert different flower foils on both sides. It is necessary to avoid neat arrangement of flower branches, highlight the main flower, do not cross three branches, and do not tie all the flower branches together and insert them at one time. Such as chrysanthemum with gladiolus, it will appear ups and downs, dense, harmonious colors, complement each other. Even if it is the same flower, it is best to have buds, half-blooming flowers and blooming flowers at the same time to show the change of flower openness. So before buying flowers, you should think clearly and buy them purposefully. When cutting flower branches, leave some leaves on the branches and clean up the dirt on the leaves. The length of the branches should be determined according to the height of the vase, generally following the golden ratio law.
Arc flower arrangement-flower arrangement according to three branches with different lengths and directions. Generally, the convex interpolation method of circular arc is adopted, and there are also interpolation methods of opening circular arc into concave.
Triangular insertion method-with the main flower branch as the central axis, symmetrical left and right, balanced angle, it looks solemn and tidy. This flower arrangement is full of manners.
Bonsai planting method-based on the concept map, according to the changes of flower branches, flowers and colors. Different flower branches should also be taught in accordance with their aptitude. For example, if plum blossoms are planted alone, there should not be too many branches, and the branches should be staggered horizontally to avoid straight branches. Red and green are more interesting if you add pine branches. No matter which method is adopted, flower arrangement works should be harmonious, balanced and rhythmic.
Commonly used containers for flower arrangement generally include vases, pots and so on. Among them, ceramic and glass vases are elegant in color and novel in style, and are not easy to rot after long-term storage; Although the plastic vase is light and durable, it lacks natural beauty and the bottle water is perishable. It is best to set a tic-tac-toe frame at the mouth of the vase to facilitate the fixation of the flower branches. Use a basin for short flowers and prepare a flower arranging mat. As for bowls, dishes, bottles, cans and other household utensils, if you carefully select and use flowers, it will also add interest.
In addition, the color of the vase should be elegant and light. If there are only dark vases at home, light or tiny flowers should be inserted. [Edit this paragraph] Flower arrangement fresh-keeping skills 1, vase flower arrangement fresh-keeping bottle flower arrangement pruning method: trim the end of flower arrangement with scissors every one or two days to keep the cross section of flower branches fresh, which can keep the water absorption function of flower branches in good condition and prolong the life of flower arrangement. Burning branches in vase flower arrangement: burn the ends of flower branches with fire to make the ends of flower branches 2-3 cm. After changing color, soak it in cold water in time, and then insert it into the vase. This method can not only disinfect fresh wounds, but also enhance the water absorption function. Suitable for flowers with hard stems, such as plum blossom, peach blossom, wild rose, hibiscus, white orchid and so on.
2, vase flower arrangement ironing method: put the end of the flower branch 2-3 cm into boiling water for about 2 minutes, immediately soak it in cold water, and then insert it into the vase. This method is suitable for flowers with soft stems. Such as tulips, dahlias and peony flowers.
3. Salt soaking method for vase flower arrangement: first, add a little salt into the vase and mix well, then arrange flowers. This method is suitable for alkaline camellia and daffodils. Sugar water immersion bottle flower arrangement method: before flower arrangement, add a little sugar to the water in the bottle, stir well, and then arrange flowers. This method is suitable for lily, platycodon grandiflorum and other flowers rich in sugar.
4, bottle flower arrangement coated with mint crystal method: before flower arrangement, first coat mint crystal at the end of the flower branch, and then insert it into the bottle. This method is most suitable for autumn chrysanthemum.
Camellia: inserted into light salt water, it can sterilize and prolong flowering period.
Tulips: Tie a few, wrap newspapers on the outside and put them in a bottle. There is no need to add water to the vase.
Narcissus: It can keep the flower shape even when planted in one thousandth of light salt water.
Lily: Inserting it into sugar water can keep the sweet feeling of lily.
Wild rose: its incision is easily infected by bacteria, so it is scalded at the incision and then inserted into the bottle.
Rhododendron: hammer the incision flat, then soak it in water for 2 hours, which can keep fresh for a long time.
Peony flower: soak the incision with hot water first, and then insert it into cold water.
Plum blossom: cutting the mouth into a cross and immersing it in water can promote the absorption of nutrients by flowers.
Qiu Ju: It can be sterilized by applying a little mint solution to its incision.
Lotus: after folding, plug the pores with mud and insert them into light salt water.
White orchid: wrapped in wet cloth at night, not covered during the day, can delay the fading time of flowers by 2-3 days.
Hibiscus: soak it in hot water for a minute or two, then put it in cold water.
Dahlia: Cut your mouth open, soak it in hot water for a while, and then insert it into cold water.
Gardenia: Add 1-2 drops of fresh meat juice to water.
Chrysanthemum: Adding a small amount of urea or soil leaching solution (liquid obtained by mixing and filtering fertilizer and soil) into the clear water for raising chrysanthemum can make chrysanthemum in the bottle wither for up to 30 days, which can be extended by more than 10 days compared with ordinary clear water.