1. Material factor theory: Parsons' trait factor theory, also known as Parsons' job matching theory, is the earliest career counseling theory. FrankParsons, a professor at Boston University in the United States, proposed in his book Choosing a Career that the matching between people and careers is the focus of career choice. He believes that everyone has his own unique person.

2. Career orientation theory: JohnHolland is a professor of psychology at Johns Hopkins University and a famous career guidance expert in the United States. 1959 put forward the theory of vocational interest with wide social influence. It is believed that people's personality types and hobbies are closely related to their careers, and interest is a great driving force for people's activities. Any occupation with professional interest can improve people's enthusiasm and encourage people to engage in this occupation actively and happily, and professional interest has a high correlation with personality. Holland believes that personality can be divided into six types: realistic type, research type, artistic type, social type, career type and conventional type.

3. Career development stage theory: In order to fully explain the interaction between career development stages and roles, Schuber creatively painted a comprehensive picture of career development with multiple roles-"career rainbow picture". In the career rainbow diagram, the vertical direction represents the living space from top to bottom, which is composed of a group of positions and roles. It is divided into six different roles: children, students, idlers, citizens, workers and housekeepers. Their interaction interweaves individual unique professional types. He believes that in the process of personal development, with the growth of age, he plays different roles, the outer circle of the picture is the main development stage, and the scope and length of the dark part of the inner circle are different, indicating the weight of various roles at that age stage; At the same age, they may play several roles at the same time, so they will overlap each other, but in different proportions.

Extended data

Career choice ability is a comprehensive ability, including the matching ability to balance personal characteristics and social factors, the introspection ability to understand self-demand and life vision, the planning ability to design the first job selection and career development, the ability to participate in job hunting practice and obtain the display of favorite positions, and the development ability to integrate into professional life and strive for career promotion. Scientific career choice is a process in which the job seeker, on the basis of having a clear understanding of his own quality and job requirements, combines his own practical needs and long-term ideals, uses scientific decision-making methods to show various job-hunting skills, and finally obtains his favorite job and maintains and develops his career.

First of all, career choice must match personal and environmental factors. When the attitude, ability, interest and other personal characteristics of job seekers are highly consistent with external factors such as job requirements and opportunities, job hunting will be easy to succeed, and workers' personal career satisfaction, career stability and sense of accomplishment will be positively strengthened, and their career will be continued. Secondly, career choice must respect personal needs. Everyone is more willing to choose a career that meets their own needs and avoids anxiety in a selfish way. Due to the differences in early growth experience, personal demand satisfaction level, personal socialization level, intelligence level and gender type, the opportunities of individuals in choosing a job vary greatly. Third, career choice must use scientific methods. Career choice is a continuous process, which will go through the process of exploration, concretization, selection, clarification, evaluation and implementation. It needs constant self-identification, dealing with development tasks and solving psychological and social crises. Finally, career choice must consider future development. An individual's career can be divided into several stages. When choosing a career, college students need to understand the social roles and career development tasks at all stages of life, design possible problems in the process of career development in advance, and arrange career development plans.

Reference materials? Baidu Encyclopedia Entry Career Choice Ability