1, blindly expanding the scale without operating ability, resulting in insufficient number of piles.
Judging from some cooperatives, most of them are abandoned land, generally more than 30%, and 50% abandoned land is estimated to be quite a lot, even 100% abandoned land. Some vegetable varieties have a complete growth period in a season according to the requirements of conventional planting, but some are infinitely elongated. For example, some cabbages are mostly harvested at one time, and the harvested stalks remain in the ground until they branch again until they bloom and bear pods, which is actually abandoning seeds.
Some long-season vegetables, such as peppers, eggplant, loofah and sword beans, can be stopped early or delayed by strengthening management. However, if the management of these long-season vegetables is not strengthened after the harvest period, there will be piles of pests and diseases, piles of branches, piles of old loofah and deformed melons. What's the difference between later growth and abandonment? In the end, it is doomed to lose money. Therefore, the scale should be moderate and do what you can, and don't blindly expand the planting scale for projects in some countries.
2, the level of science and technology and technical content need to be greatly improved.
Even if the scale is moderate and can be controlled, how many people in Yiyang, Hunan can really pay attention to growing vegetables? How many people are really skilled? Besides, is there anyone who is very particular about technology? Like vegetable farmers in Shouguang, Shandong Province, they hold the idea that the yield of vegetables in my greenhouse is lower than yours because the temperature in my greenhouse is lower than yours 1 degree. Will Yiyang have this idea here?
Many base bosses have hired technicians, but the level of each technician varies widely. Especially for farmer technicians, the so-called "technology" is only experience, not "technical content" at all. Some people don't even understand the basic principles, even pests and diseases, let alone temperature, light, humidity and heat, and pay attention to improved varieties and good methods. Some technicians don't pretend to understand, because they work for others and can't tolerate different opinions. They even have problems with production, but they don't admit that it is their own technical problems.
Some bosses don't know the technology themselves, and they don't know what to do when they ask questions, but they make blind decisions because they think they are bosses. "Do whatever you like." Anyway, the loss is also the loss of the boss. Some bosses greatly discount the technical measures of technicians, which makes it difficult to put them in place. When there is a problem in production, everyone will wrangle with each other.
Therefore, the base boss and technicians must cooperate well, and the boss can't compromise on the implementation of technical measures. Technicians should also have more experience, constantly improve themselves, and at the same time be brave in taking responsibility.
There are too many varieties planted in one season, so it is difficult to achieve standardized production.
At present, there are many vegetable bases in Yiyang, whether it is twenty or thirty acres or hundreds of acres. It is common to plant more than a dozen varieties in a season, including twenty or thirty varieties, and some even plant two or three varieties of vegetables in a greenhouse. Can each variety be managed in this way?
As early as 20 years ago, the country proposed to standardize planting, and in 2009, it began to create a vegetable standard park. At present, the project has stopped. It may be that the author is ignorant, but judging from the planting bases that the author has contacted that have passed the national vegetable standardization, it seems that no one has operated according to the standardization from beginning to end. Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to cultivate multiple varieties of vegetables in one season. Either don't plant it, or plant it well, or you will lose money.
4. The process of cutting corners leads to the dislocation of input and output.
Take greenhouse vegetables as an example, some materials such as greenhouse skeleton are saved, but the greenhouse collapses with a little snow, losing tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands and millions; Do not pay attention to the construction of infrastructure such as ditches, and some bases are flooded when it rains; If the greenhouse film is not properly maintained, it will tear when the wind blows.
Although it is caused by cutting corners in greenhouse construction, everyone complains. Although it is impossible to overcome natural disasters, most of them can be avoided or the losses can be minimized.
In addition, there is a phenomenon that some bases only look at how to save labor and materials. The province still needs to save, but we should pay attention to scientific material saving. What should not be saved, what cannot be saved, must not be saved. If you save it, you can't have high returns. If the output can't go up, it's hard to say whether you can make money or not, and it's a waste of manpower and material resources. There are many such phenomena, such as saving water, ploughing or transplanting vegetables after rain; Save burying fertilizer and watering, and spread urea on the soil surface. In this way, fertilizer not only volatilizes and wastes, but also burns seedlings. Labor-saving, seven or eight kinds of drugs for disease prevention, insecticide and topdressing are mixed in a bucket of water, resulting in fertilizer loss and waste of medicine and fertilizer. I have to say that this is a very willful way to burn money!
5. The degree of specialization is not high.
The specialization mentioned by the author refers to the specialization in the process of vegetable planting. Most vegetable bases are "one-stop service" from seedling raising to field management, harvest marketing and even processing. These bases don't even want to buy seeds, just want to breed and raise them. For example, some bases see that a certain variety performs well, but the seeds are expensive, so they keep them, and the result can be imagined. Every link in agricultural production is a major event and needs to be done well.
Just like seedling cultivation needs to be covered with seeds, it can't be done well without excellent technology, but many people just find a piece of land, scatter the seeds and leave it alone, and then wait for the seedlings.
The technical content of processing is higher. Fuling mustard tuber group only does mustard tuber, and the annual tax paid reaches hundreds of millions of yuan. And some of our rough machining has no scientific and technological content, no quality, no quantity and no brand.
For example, there are hundreds of specialized centralized seedling companies in Shouguang, Shandong, few in Hunan and none in Yiyang. At present, in rice industry, the degree of specialization is getting higher and higher. There are specialized seedling companies, specialized pest control and professional mechanized harvesting, which are worth learning from the vegetable industry.
6. Fearless of soil
A piece of land is not fertile, but it is reluctant to use chemical fertilizer and change soil. Nowadays, many lands have become serious saline soil, hardened soil, organic matter exhausted soil, acid soil and plastic film pesticide contaminated soil. Growing vegetables on this soil will result in losses, and the more you invest, the more you gain. Most of the bases are rotary tillage and shallow tillage, with fine soil, shallow plough bottom, water and fertilizer insecurity and difficult root tying. Most of the base fertilizer is only sprinkled with "granules" (usually compound fertilizer), and topdressing is also to catch up with "granules"; Cover the garden with plastic film in one season and turn it directly into the soil after stopping the garden; After many years, lime is no longer used to adjust acidity; Even if organic fertilizer is applied, there is only a little water, 120 kilograms or 3500 kilograms. Show yourself to comfort yourself. These are the bottlenecks that restrict vegetable production.
It is necessary to thoroughly improve and repair these factors that affect soil conditions, such as promoting the application of more organic fertilizers, using biological bacterial fertilizers and soil conditioners. To pay attention to soil testing and formula fertilization, farmers in Shandong always pay attention to soil dynamics and always want to take the soil for testing. In our base, even if testing is free, the results are strong acid in the soil, insufficient organic matter, serious salinization and many soil-borne diseases, and farmers are indifferent.
7. Not forward-looking enough
Lack of foresight means not making all kinds of plans in advance. For example, seedling transplanting is mostly "soil such as seedlings"; For example, some watermelon seedlings have blossomed, cowpea seedlings have pulled vines, peppers have not been transplanted, and soil has not yet come out. It is meaningless to plant such a young seed, but some people continue to plant it!
Growing vegetables on a large scale is not like growing in a small house. It will be over in the morning and afternoon. Often as little as a week, as much as ten days and a half months, sometimes it can last for more than a month before and after being affected by the weather. Therefore, according to the seedling age and weather conditions, the soil should be turned over in advance to achieve "flat seedlings."
In addition, the predictability of vegetable diseases and insect pests is not strong, and the prediction of vegetable diseases and insect pests is relatively backward at present. The prediction of vegetable diseases and insect pests should vary from region to region and cannot be generalized. Even if the local vegetable diseases and insect pests forecast is released, it is difficult to cover it comprehensively, so we can't trust the forecast completely, so we can only take measures in advance according to the occurrence and development of vegetable diseases and insect pests in our base.