The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1956 km. Among them, 8 14km, 1979 and 1984 from Xining to Golmud were paved and put into operation. The Golmud-Lhasa section under construction starts from Golmud City, Qinghai Province, and goes south along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway to Lhasa City, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1 142 km, of which the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou is newly built112 km, with a reconstruction of 32 km. The construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway is facing severe challenges of frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen and ecological fragility. This project is arduous, demanding and difficult.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction on June 29th, 20001year. In that year, the investment was11.80 billion yuan, and the reconstruction of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou was completed. The subgrade from Nanshankou to Wang Kun was basically formed, and the frozen soil test section was started, which won the first victory. In 2002, it invested 5.32 billion yuan; The main project under Golmud-Wangkun line was completed, the main project under Wangkun-Chumar River line was basically completed, and the main project under Chumar River-Buqiangge line was completed by more than 80%; Track laying began on June 29th, and it reached Kunlun Mountain smoothly at the end of the year. This year is a comprehensive year for the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a planned investment of 5.6 billion yuan. By the end of July, the total investment was 2.39 billion yuan and the total construction started was 8.89 billion yuan. At present, the frozen soil project in the northern part of Tanggula Mountain is taking intensive measures, laying tracks and erecting beams to advance to the hinterland of the plateau, and key projects such as Tanggula ridge-crossing section and Donnan section have been started, and the all-round battle has reached its climax.
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as "the roof of the world" and "the roof of the earth", and it is the source of rivers in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, built in this primitive, unique, fragile and sensitive geographical and ecological environment, is the railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. The highest point of the railway crossing Tanggula Mountain is 5072 meters above sea level, 960 kilometers above sea level, and more than 550 kilometers in frozen soil area. Effective protection of ecological environment in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an important task of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and it is also the focus of attention at home and abroad. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the ecological environment protection of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction. Comrade Zhu Rongji demanded that the State Council's spirit of strengthening the ecological environment protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be conscientiously implemented, and that the ecological environment of Qinghai-Tibet should be well cared for and every grass and tree in Qinghai-Tibet should be well protected. It points out the direction for the ecological environment protection of Qinghai-Tibet railway construction.
China Broadcasting Network, Beijing, May 2, 2007 1 The Ministry of Construction told reporters that with the joint efforts of all construction workers of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, all stations and auxiliary lines of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid. At this point, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been fully laid.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the main line1142km of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was fully laid last year. Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a landmark project in the development of western China. The project started construction in June 2000 1 year, and will be put into trial operation in July this year1day.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest railway in the world at present. The average annual temperature along the railway is below zero degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content in the air is only half that of the plain area. The railway crosses 960 kilometers above 4000 meters above sea level, with the highest point crossing Tanggula Mountain at 5072 meters above sea level. For the early opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, tens of thousands of builders along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have given up holidays and other rest time and are busy with the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Experts said that the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will further accelerate the economic development of Tibet and Qinghai provinces, and the history of "going abroad is easier than entering Tibet" will never return, and railway transportation will greatly reduce the cost of passenger and cargo transportation in and out of Tibet.
The opening of "Tianlu" makes the "roof of the world" not far away.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest plateau railway in the world, began trial operation on June 5438+0. The opening of this railway will change the lifestyle of 2.7 million Tibetan residents, including their cooking methods.
In front of a herder's tent in Dangxiong County, Xizang Autonomous Region, Sang Zhuo Ma, a Tibetan girl aged 16, smiled and told reporters: "As soon as the train passes, our family can cook without cow dung."
In the vast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, cold winters occupy most of the year. In the long eight months, due to the lack of coal resources, cow dung is the main fuel for plateau herders. However, the long-term burning of cow dung deprived the grassland of the ideal fertilizer.
After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 75% of the materials entering and leaving Tibet will be borne by the railway, which has changed the shortcomings of long road transportation distance, high freight rate and great loss in the past.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the roof of the world, is famous for its high altitude, thin air, low oxygen content, strong ultraviolet rays, perennial snow and complex climate. Paul taylor, an American modern train traveler, wrote in his book Traveling in China: "With Kunlun Mountain, the railway will never reach Lhasa."
After four years of hard work, many rare scientific and technological problems have been overcome. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed last year and will be put into trial operation on July 1 this year. Because it crosses the highest plateau in the world, this railway is also called "Heavenly Road".
In the eyes of Tibetans who have lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for generations, this magical railway can not only bring in the scarce coal on the plateau, but also transport the skins out. Perhaps one day, herders who have been grazing for generations can take the train to see the outside, and their distance from the world will be shortened.
Soko, a 52-year-old Tibetan, is the owner of a small restaurant in Lhasa. He said: "After the railway is opened to traffic, the first thing I want to do is to take my wife to travel to the capital Beijing by train-a private day trip from home, and then visit more places!"
Tourism experts believe that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will become a "golden tourist route" with unlimited business opportunities.
Huang, commander of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Command, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will connect the Silk Road and the Potala Palace and become a new golden tourist hotline in western China. Today, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and regions have held consultations with Tibet on the development of tourism.
Soko said: "When tourists from all over the world come in, my small restaurant will be more prosperous!" "
According to the research forecast of Tibet Academy of Social Sciences and Institute of Industrial Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the number of tourists in Tibet is expected to reach 5,282,400 in 20 10, and the direct income from tourism will reach 5.8 billion yuan. In 2005, Tibet received10.8 million domestic and foreign tourists, and its tourism revenue was10.93 billion yuan.
Huang also told reporters that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company plans to open a luxury tourist train, passing through world-famous scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountain, Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan, Northern Tibet Grassland and Potala Palace.
In order to help tourists cope with possible altitude sickness, there will be special oxygen supply equipment in the carriage. After completion, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will also adopt an infrared monitoring system to make the plateau unattended and open to traffic all day.
In addition, the company will also start a garbage collection system and a garbage collection train to transport the domestic garbage generated along the way to Lhasa or Golmud for treatment.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining, Qinghai Province in the east and ends in Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region in the west, with a total length of nearly 2,000 kilometers. After opening, the train speed in general sections will reach 120km, and the travel time from Golmud to Lhasa will not exceed 12 hours.
The trial operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in July 2006 provided two sets of oxygen supply modes.
On April 23, 2006, according to the introduction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, the Golmud-Lhasa train of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which was put into trial operation on July 1 2006, will provide passengers with two ways of oxygen supply by dispersion and oxygen mask to minimize the lack of oxygen in the train.
Ma Baocheng, deputy general manager of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company, said that according to the lack of oxygen along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company will do its utmost to create a comfortable "internal environment" in the train compartment, and two sets of oxygen supply methods are set up in the train compartment. One is decentralized protection, similar to "central air conditioning", which will make the oxygen content of the whole carriage reach more than 80% in plain areas; Another method of oxygen supply is to set an oxygen mask next to the passenger seat. If passengers feel that there is still lack of oxygen in the compartment, they can take off their oxygen masks and take oxygen directly.
In addition, every train after operation will be equipped with a doctor and a nurse to take emergency measures on board.
The first passenger train to Tibet "Qing 1" departed from Golmud Railway Station in Qinghai at 9: 00 a.m. on July 1 2006 for Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region. This is the first passenger train to Lhasa, marking the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
The plateau "Tianlu" was opened to traffic on July 1 2006, which is a day destined to be written into history. On this day, the history of no passenger trains in Tibet was rewritten. 1 day, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Celebrations "Qing 1" and "Zang 2" departed from Golmud and Lhasa respectively, and the train boarded the Qinghai-Tibet Railway for the first time. At 0: 00 on the 2nd, the "Zang-2" passenger train from Lhasa to Lanzhou on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passed the journey of 13 hour 0 1 minute and arrived in Golmud safely. This marks the opening of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route mileage in the world.
At 0: 03 1 on the 2nd, the "Qing1"train from Golmud to Lhasa arrived in Lhasa safely. From 1, 1 1: 05 to Lhasa, the "Qing 1" train passed 45 stations along the way, lasting 13 hours and 26 minutes.
Trains entering and leaving Tibet started one after another.
1 7:20, Golmud Railway Station. Hundreds of passengers with tickets for the first passenger train to Tibet-"Qing 1" began to board the train one after another. At 8: 30, the passengers basically got on the bus. At 9 o'clock, the door closed. Xinhua News Agency and CCTV 12 reporters are allowed to board the first train to Tibet for real-time reporting.
1 1 1:05, the train "Qing 1" started for Lhasa with a long whistle.
Seven minutes later-110/2: 00, the Tibetan Railway "Zang 2" passenger train from Lhasa to Lanzhou also started slowly, leaving the Lhasa Railway Station platform1,with more than 700 passengers on board.
Gayang, a herder of Naqu in northern Tibet, who watched the train whistle slowly away, said: "From riding a horse, taking a car to taking a train, the dream of our ancestors for thousands of years has never been realized in our generation!"
The plateau scenery is very beautiful.
1 day 12: 40, the first train "Qing 1" entered Tibet and passed through Kunlun Mountain Tunnel. 13: 20, passing by qingshui river bridge. The reporter saw at the scene that the terrain around qingshui river bridge is flat and the vision is wide, so it is difficult to see the end of the bridge at a glance. When the train arrived, several mountain patrol members, such as Wenga and Gama, from the Suonan Street Protection Station of the Hoh Xil Reserve Administration, paid attention to the train.
Since then, the "Qing 1" train has passed the stations of Jade Everest, Unfreezing Spring, Chuma River, Wudaoliang, Riaqiqu, Tuotuo River, Tongtianhe, Yanshiping and Buqiangge ... just like a long dragon crossing the vast plateau, it broke the tranquility of the ancient wasteland.
The train keeps going south. Sometimes it rains, sometimes it snows, and sometimes a rainbow appears outside the window. People really experienced the weather of "ten miles in different days" on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The snow-capped mountains are endless, and the unique scenery on the plateau attracts people's attention, "occupying" the storage space of many digital camera memory cards.
The train set a new record in the history of railways.
The "Tibet No.2" train leaving Tibet also "transited" all the way to the north.
1, 14: 5 1, after more than 3 10 kilometers, the train passed by Naqu Railway Station, an important town in northern Tibet.
1, 17: 35, the "Tibet 2" passenger train slowly passed Tanggula Station at an altitude of 5068 meters. This is the first time that a passenger train has passed the highest railway station in the world.
1, 17: 38, the train successfully crossed the highest point of the world railway at an altitude of 5072 meters at a speed of 84 kilometers per hour. More than 700 people on board were fortunate to be the first passengers to pass the highest point of the world railway and take the passenger train to the highest railway station in the world.
Zabawanda, a Tibetan tourist, said: "It is a miracle that the train can pass through Tanggula, a place where even animals can't survive." Passenger Zhou Jun said with deep feelings: "I stand at the highest point of the world railway and feel extremely proud."
1 day 18: 05, the first train into Tibet "Qing 1" and the first train out of Tibet "Zang 2" passed smoothly at Buqiangge Station. People cheered because it meant that the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway had undergone a comprehensive inspection of passenger trains.
There are no more railways and trains in Tibet.
After passing by, the two trains ran to their respective destinations on the inspected railway.
1, 19: 3 1, the "Tibet No.2" passenger train leaving Tibet went like lightning, and successfully passed the first bridge at the source of the Yangtze River-Tuotuo River Yangtze River Source Bridge and Tuotuo River Station. At 20: 23, the train arrived at Fenghuoshan Tunnel. At 20: 46, the train passed through Chumar River Station. 2 1: 45, arriving in qingshui river bridge. At 22: 20, we passed the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, which is the longest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world.
2 1, 18, the train "Qing 1" passes Naqu Station, crosses the northern Tibetan Plateau and goes straight to Lhasa. In Lhasa, salute sounded, fireworks bloomed and people were waiting for the train. ...
The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway ended the history that there were no railways and trains in Xizang Autonomous Region. Liu Zhijun, Minister of Railways, said that this will certainly provide strong support for the development of the western region and promote comprehensive and coordinated economic and social development.