History of the three kingdoms
To annotate ...
(1) Bigan: He Bigan was born in Ruyin (now Anhui) in the Western Han Dynasty. Born into an official family, he studied the Book of History in Chao Cuo and is familiar with the law. At the beginning, he was a prison officer in Ruyin County, and when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a court official, he enforced the law fairly and was deeply loved by the people.
(2) Strategy: Bamboo slips, extended to the strategy book sealed by officials.
(3) Bao Yang: Hongnong Huayin (now Shaanxi) was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Kind-hearted, the protagonist of the title ring in the title ring of knot grass.
(4) Ring: a kind of jade with a hole in the middle.
language translation
990 pieces of godsend, He Bigan is a famous family from generation to generation; The yellowbird returned four white rings, and four generations of Bao Yang were innocent.
Character story
According to "Han He Jia Chuan", He Bi-gan is well-versed in Confucian classics, virtuous and virtuous, and also well-versed in law and criminal law. He used to be a jailer in Ruyin County, Jue Cao (yuanㄩㄢˋ, county magistrate called Jue Cao, in charge of the prison), rehabilitated unjust imprisonment and saved thousands of people. Later, he was appointed as a captain in Danyang. There were no wronged prisoners in the prison, and people with Confucianism called him "He Gong". In the third year of reconciliation in Liang Wudi, it rained heavily one day and He Bigan was at home. During the day, he dreamed that the distinguished guests were crowded with horses and chariots. He woke up and told his wife. Before I finished, an old lady in her 80 s came at the door. Her hair was all white, and she took shelter from the rain. It rained heavily, but her clothes and shoes were not wet. When the rain stopped, I sent the old woman to the door and said to Bigen, "You have accumulated a good thing. Today, I will give you a plan to seal an official position and confer a title, so that it can be passed on to future generations. " She took out the strategy in her arms, which was shaped like a bamboo slip and was nine inches long. * * * 990 was awarded to Bigan, and the descendants counted so many officials. Why did you give birth to six sons this year, and then three sons? In the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Xuan Di, his descendants moved from Ruyin to Ping Ling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi), and they were all noble families from generation to generation.
According to the records of Wu County in the Southern Dynasties, when Bao Yang was nine years old, he went to the north of Huayin Mountain and saw a yellowbird hit by an owl, which landed under a tree and was surrounded by a mole and ants. Bao Yang took it home, put it in a small box, ate only yellow flowers, and flew away after the feathers grew for more than a hundred days. That night, a boy in yellow bowed to Bao Yang and said, "I am the messenger of the Queen Mother of the West. Your kindness and love saved me. I really appreciate your help. " Send four white jade rings to Bao Yang: "Let your descendants be upright and innocent, and hold three posts (Taiwei, Situ and Sikong), just like this ring."
explain
According to "The History of the Later Han Dynasty He Changchuan", why did He Chang's sixth ancestor serve as the court of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (a subordinate of Ting Wei, who was in charge of the suspected prison) and was also the court of Tang Dynasty? Zhang Tang is strict in law enforcement and tough in attitude, and tries his best to show mercy. He argued with Zhang Tang many times. Although he could not save everyone, he saved thousands of people.
Zhang Tang is a famous cruel official in history. He Bigan rehabilitated many unjust prisons, and future generations also made a fortune by worshipping the virtues of their ancestors. However, to do this requires wisdom, otherwise it is also a crime to indulge evil. There is a story in Ji Yun's Notes on Yuewei Caotang in Qing Dynasty. In charge of the criminal law for more than 40 years, he thought he was kind-hearted and did not distinguish between good and evil, so that innocent souls who died unjustly could not be rehabilitated. Before he died, he dreamed of many murders and realized that what he did was not to do good deeds, but to accumulate criminal grievances.
Bao Yang won four white rings, and his descendants (Yang Zhen, Yang Bing, Yang Ci and Yang Biao) were all innocent for four generations. "The history of the later han dynasty. "Yang Zhenchuan" recorded the event of "fearing four things and grasping three mysteries". Yang Zhen, the son of Bao Yang, moved to Jingzhou as the secretariat, and Donglai as the satrap, passing through Changyi County. On one occasion, Wang Mi was recommended by Yang Zhen of Jingzhou and was appointed as the magistrate of Changyi County to visit him. In the evening, he had ten catties of gold hidden in his arms for him. Wang Mi said, "Nobody knows at night." Yang Zhen said, "Heaven knows, earth knows, I know, and you know. No one knows what to say! " Wang Mi came out in shame. Later, Yang Zhen was transferred to Zhuo Jun county magistrate, and his nature was fair and honest. His descendants are often vegetarian and have no cars to walk. An old friend wanted to help start an industry, but Yang Zhen refused, saying, "Isn't it rich to let future generations call them descendants of innocent officials and leave them behind?" Sun Yang of Yang Baozhi was born not to drink, and lost his wife in his early years, so he no longer married, which is called innocence locally. Yang Bing once said calmly: "I have three doubts: wine, sex and money." From Yang Zhen to Yang Biao, Qiu IV and Yuan Shi were both noble families in Luoyang, and their merits were successively inherited.
From then on, "Four Knows" and "Three Confusions" became the family precepts followed by Yang's descendants. "The history of the later han dynasty. "Yang Zhenchuan" said: "In the light years, Yang Zhen was the prime minister, and he was upright and opposed to all evil authorities, putting righteousness first and prestige second. It can be said that he is a minister who is interested in rectifying the royal family and understands the important task of the prime minister. Therefore, I have accumulated virtue for several generations, and later generations have successively become prime ministers. If this is the case,' If there is a good family, there must be Qing Yu'. "
Yan Ying can be frugal with Su Shi.
Proud and restrained
To annotate ...
(1) Yan Ying: Zhongzi, known as Yanzi, Qiaoping, also known as Yan Pingzhong, was born in Yiwei (now Shandong) in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was noble, honest and simple, and served as the prime minister of the three dynasties of Qi (Qi, Zhuang Gonghe).
(2) Su Shi: Zizhan, named Dongpo Jushi, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Poetry, ci, fu, prose, calligraphy and painting have made great achievements and are rare all-rounders in history. After five generations of benevolence, English, divinity, philosophy and Huizong, the official reached the history of the Ministry of Rites. He has demoted several states that opposed the new law.
(3) stingy.
language translation
Yan should live together, and she can live frugally, while Su Shi laughs at herself and is stingy, but it is a pity to prolong her life.
Character story
According to The Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi, once, when Yan Zi was eating, Qi Jinggong sent an emissary to bring him food. The envoy didn't have enough food, and Yan Zi didn't have enough food. The messenger went back and told Qi Jinggong. Gong Jing said, "alas! Yanzi's family is too poor! I don't know if it is my fault. " Gong Jing sent officials to give his daughter business tax and invited him to entertain guests. Yan Zi refused. Duke Jing of Jin sent him away again and again. Finally, Yan Zi politely said goodbye and said, "Yingying's family is not poor. Thanks to the king's reward, kindness extended to father, mother and wife, extended to friends and helped the people. The king's reward is very generous, and Yan Ying's family is not bad! Yan Ying heard that the king's generous reward for the people was that the officials led the people instead of the king, which was something loyal officials did not do; Giving a generous reward to the king but not to the people is to hide property for one's own use, and the benevolent does not; A wise man will not offend a scholar with a generous reward from the king and transfer his property to others after his death, just as a minister accumulates property for his master. There are coarse clothes to wear and bowls of rice to eat, which relieves worries. "
Yan Zi was appointed as the Prime Minister of Qi State. After three years, the politics was stable and the people were happy. It is reported that Liang Qiu saw Yan Zi eating, but the meat was not enough, so he told Qi Jinggong that Gong Jing would cede the territory to Yan Zi the next day. Yan Zi refused to accept it. He said, "People who are rich but not arrogant have never heard of it. I am the one who is poor and doesn't complain, Yan Ying. So being poor and not complaining is because you take goodness as your teacher! Today's fief has changed to Yan Ying's teacher. I have looked down on the teacher and valued the fief, so I requested to refuse the fief. "
Yan Zi sat in an old car and drove a bad horse to court. Qi Jinggong saw it and said, "Alas! Is Mr. Wang's salary too small? Why is the car so shabby? " Yan Zi replied: "Thanks to the gift of the king, we can support the survival of the three clans and domestic tourists. I can wear warm clothes, eat well, and sit on a broken car, which is enough for me. " After Yan Zi resigned, Gong Jing sent Liang Qiu to send him a carriage and four horses, but he was rejected by Yan Zi three times. Gong Jing was very unhappy and summoned Yan Zi. Gong Jing said, "Sir, I won't take the bus." Yan Zi replied, "The monarch put me in charge of officials. I am frugal and set an example for the people of Qi. I am afraid that they will be extravagant regardless of their conduct. Now there are four horses in a cart, with the monarch riding on it and the courtiers riding below. I can't ban people who have no morality, luxury food and clothing, and disregard morality. " So Yan Zi refused to accept it.
Su Shi's Book with Li Gongze in the Northern Song Dynasty: "I didn't know how to live until I was fifty years old, mainly because I was stingy. To put it mildly, it's called frugality and simplicity. However, what we do, unlike vulgar people, can really be called light taste. How can appetite and physical desire be endless? Frugality every day is also a way to cherish happiness and prolong life! "
explain
Yan Ying is industrious, simple and hardworking, so he is respected by the people of Qi. Although I am the prime minister, "meat doesn't care, clothes don't care, and silk doesn't care." I have worn fox fur for 30 years, but I refused the precious fur that Qi Jinggong gave me. He took kindness as a teacher, was content with poverty without resentment, distributed his own food to the victims, pleaded for the people many times and directly remonstrated with the monarch. When Yan Zi died, Gong Jing lay in bed crying, and no one could tell his mistake. Yan Zi's virtues of integrity, selflessness, frugality and modesty are admirable! No wonder Sima Qian was willing to whip Yan Zi, and Confucius also praised him: "Helping others without boasting, trying to make up for the shortcomings of the three kings without taking credit, Yan Zi is really a gentleman!"
Sima Guang often meets with old ministers in Luoyang, and no more than five kinds of food are allowed to meet, which is called Truth Meeting. Su Shi's contacts with his neighbors in Huangzhou can be classified into three types. Su Shi himself said that there are three kinds of nourishing qi: "Quiet to nourish happiness, lenient to nourish qi, and saving to nourish wealth." (Song Dynasty Ye Mengde's "Xia Wu Yu")
The attitude towards life of "frugality" and "three-cultivation" embodies Su Shi's concept of self-cultivation and pleasure in suffering. Su Shi was later demoted for many times and lived in poverty. Although he has to, he is not greedy for fame and fortune, and he has no worries about food and clothing. This is a kind of self-discipline and a blessing.