I. Main issues
At present, weddings, funerals and celebrations in Kunshan rural areas generally pay attention to ostentation and extravagance, blindly comparing with others, and geomantic superstition activities are also on the rise. Judging from the overall situation of the city, Huaqiao, Lujia and other places spend more on weddings, funerals and celebrations, while Jinxi and Zhouzhuang are in better condition. These problems also exist in other areas to varying degrees, which have increased the economic burden of farmers and even appeared? Cann't afford to get married 、? Can't children afford it? 、? The dead can't afford to die? Phenomenon.
1. Blind comparison of funeral ceremonies. At present, the funeral activities in rural areas have formed a one-stop service system and professional service team, showing the characteristics of keen information, various patterns, full service and industrialized operation, and even the phenomenon that the funeral intermediary has been guarding the door before the old man died. According to the custom of Kunshan countryside, the deceased usually stayed at home for three days for relatives and friends to mourn, during which there were chanting Buddha, Dojo, shooting, band, burning library, tin foil and crying? Touch the heart sutra? Wait for more than ten items. According to the investigation, the estimated expenses are as follows: the cost of chanting Buddha is about 2,400 yuan, the Dojo is about 4,800 yuan, the band 1500 yuan is about 5,000 yuan, the firecrackers and incense sticks 1000 yuan, the soup and rice 1500 yuan is about 3,000 yuan? 5,000 yuan, and the shroud ranges from several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan. Chef's service fee is 80 yuan/table, ingredients 1000 yuan/table, and labor cost is 200 yuan/day. According to the calculation of 20 tables and 20 people, the banquet cost is about 20-30 thousand yuan; After cremation? Five or seven? Activities are also a big expense. On the whole, rural funeral expenses generally cost 5? 80 thousand yuan, especially some villagers with better family economic conditions, expressed their filial piety to their elders in an improper way, and the funeral cost hundreds of thousands of yuan. The surrounding villagers followed suit. It seems that spending more money on funerals is filial piety to elders and relatives, and vice versa. Unfilial? , forming a wind of blind comparison.
2. Ask God to worship Buddha and spend a lot of money. In recent years, commercial phenomena and feudal superstitious activities in rural religious beliefs in Kunshan have risen, especially for middle-aged and elderly women over 50 years old, which are mainly reflected in two aspects: First, the commercialization of burning incense and worshipping Buddha is more serious. Incense burners are responsible for burning incense, and commercial activities are widespread from the local Dongyue Temple and Huazang Temple to Lingyin Temple and Putuo Mountain in Hangzhou. There is a custom of burning incense in local temples on the first day of the New Year's Day, but in the process of burning incense, irrational bidding appeared among believers. The management around some temples and Taoist temples is not standardized, and merchants are mixed. They used farmers' religious beliefs to sell incense sticks and take the opportunity to collect money. The second is fortune telling? Feng shui? Feudal superstition activities have risen. The development of rural economy and policies such as compensation and resettlement for demolition have made some villagers' pockets swell. However, some wealthy villagers are interested in fortune telling and reading. Feng shui? 、? Dream on, okay? Feudal superstitious activities such as. Some so-called fortune tellers? Feng shui? Master? Teacher Niang (witch)? I don't know the basic knowledge of Zhouyi and Feng Shui, but I took the opportunity to cheat in the countryside and won the trust of many villagers. Some farmers are right? Master? Convinced, obedient, even? Go out, please come in? Spend a lot of money to get a master's degree? Pointing? , the village wind and folk customs are smoky.
3. Get married and have children. With the development of Kunshan's economy and society, the trend of rural marriage comparison is getting worse and worse, which is mainly reflected in four aspects: house comparison, car comparison, bride price comparison and ostentation and extravagance comparison. Generally, the man wants to buy a house in the town for decoration, and the cost is basically more than one million. If you are an ordinary farmer without demolition and resettlement houses, this is the biggest expense of getting married. The man will also give the woman a bride price, ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands according to the man's family conditions. The woman usually gets a car as a dowry, and the price ranges from100000 to more than 200000. Different from cities, wedding banquets in rural areas of Kunshan usually last for three days (on stage, on the same day and off stage), ranging from twenty or thirty tables to fifty or sixty tables a day. Coupled with the various expenses of the wedding company, the wedding expenses are generally very large. This is naturally an unbearable heavy expense for young people who have just joined the work. Need an old man? Comparing with each other has become a common social phenomenon. Lots of bride price, big house, good car and wide banquet. Do you feel that you have face and even power? Need an old man? The abnormal social psychology of not being ashamed but being proud has seriously affected the social atmosphere. Compared with marriage, the cost of having children for young couples should not be underestimated. There are dozens of tables of full moon wine everywhere, which are used by children. Choose only the expensive ones and not the right ones? You need famous brands for food, clothing and use, plus? Ten? And so on, not only increase the family burden, but also easily develop the bad habit of children's femininity.
Second, the reason analysis
There are profound historical and practical reasons for the emergence of feudal superstitions and stereotypes in rural areas. The improvement of the level of economic development and the improvement of farmers' living standards are the material basis for the proliferation of feudal superstitions and stereotypes, but in the final analysis, the remnants of feudal ideas, the lack of values, the lack of publicity and education, and the lack of government management are the main reasons for such problems.
1. remnants of feudal thought. Feudal superstitions left over from thousands of years have a deep-rooted influence on middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old in rural areas. The scientific and cultural quality of these people is not high, and they can't make rational judgments on some problems in society and life. Under the influence of friends and relatives around, it is easy to be influenced by some so-called? Master? Confused. Have something to invite at home? Feng shui? Sir, or the witch, check the house and see how the dead relatives are doing in the underworld. This feudal superstition was not formed overnight, nor can it be changed overnight.
2. Lack of values. With the continuous development of socialist market economy, the traditional rural ideological and moral system is also facing impact and influence, and farmers' outlook on life and values have deviated. Feudal superstition is becoming more and more popular in rural areas. Some villagers are irrational about religious beliefs, blindly believe in God, spend money to eliminate disasters, and are almost obsessed. What's more, some villagers are swindling and cheating, committing heinous crimes? Master? Do as you are told, okay? Master? As a spiritual pillar.
3. Lack of publicity and education. Some relatively wealthy farmers are extravagant in weddings and funerals, and some villagers blindly follow suit. Desperate to suffer for face? . Many villagers think that the wedding ceremony is very dignified, and the funeral ceremony is complete to show filial piety to the elders. Other villagers have followed suit, otherwise they will be looked down upon by the villagers. Some villagers with poor economic conditions? Punch a swollen face and pretend to be fat? Even at the expense of borrowing money, it brings heavy economic pressure to families. Some district, town and village (community) leaders turned a deaf ear to rural feudal superstitions and stereotypes, and invested little in rural spiritual civilization construction. There is basically no positive publicity and education, and some still hold the idea that such things should not be managed or managed.
4. Absence of government management. The investigation found that the rural funeral industry has formed a one-stop service system. For example, there are more than 30 Buddhist practitioners in Lujia Town, about 15 Taoist priests, and 7-8 through-train service teams in Overseas Chinese Economic Development Zone, with more than 100 practitioners. Many of them were even the literary backbone of the township propaganda team in the 1960s and 1970s. These people don't know much about Buddhism and Taoism and lack basic religious literacy. Some people don't have the status of Buddhist and Taoist personnel, but they join the funeral industry because of their interests. A set of services around the wedding has also moved from the city to the countryside, forming a profitable industrial chain. At the same time, driven by economic interests, some temples and Taoist temples pay too much attention to commercial interests in religious activities, which has aroused the opposition of some pilgrims. For many years, Kunshan's management of rural feudal superstition and funeral industry is relatively weak, and there is no special department to manage it, and there is also a lack of a set of effective policies and measures to standardize management. In fact, it is in a management vacuum. What are the members of the two committees and villagers like? With relatives and friends? Some villagers failed to carry out effective management and correct guidance because of emotional problems, which led to the current disorderly state.
Third, grasp several relationships.
Feudal superstitions and stereotypes in rural areas have a long history and are deeply rooted. When dealing with these problems, we should focus on the relationship between religion and superstition, customs and bad habits, demand and supply, management and education on the premise of respecting farmers' wishes and safeguarding their fundamental interests.
1. Grasp the relationship between religion and superstition. According to the Constitution of China, citizens have the right to freedom of religious belief and protect their lawful religious activities. Carry out religious activities according to law and watch Feng Shui, okay? Master? There are essential differences in feudal superstitious activities such as fortune telling and fortune telling. For daily religious activities such as burning incense and worshipping Buddha, it is necessary to educate and guide villagers to worship Buddha rationally, not to engage in extravagance and waste, and to establish a correct religious view. We should strictly deal with some behaviors that actually engage in feudal superstition and take the opportunity to collect money under the guise of religion, science and the legal system.
2. Grasp the relationship between customs and bad habits. Kunshan, as the birthplace of Wu culture, has profound cultural accumulation and unique water customs. Under the modern background of continuous opening up, we should not only inherit rural folk customs, but also keep pace with the times, discard its dross and take its essence. Village rules and regulations cannot be achieved overnight. We should vigorously advocate civilized and thrifty village rules and regulations, resolutely stop unhealthy practices such as weddings, funerals and blind comparisons, and effectively reduce the economic burden on farmers.
3. Grasp the relationship between demand and guidance. It is human nature for wealthy farmers to hope that their children's marriage will be lively and festive, and it is also human nature for younger generations to express their filial piety and thoughts to their elders through funeral services. Therefore, it is necessary to realize that weddings, funerals and happy events are major events for every household, including normal burning incense and worshipping Buddha. This market demand exists objectively and should not be blocked. The key is to grasp the relationship between demand and guidance, and carry out regulation and guidance according to the actual needs of the masses. Publicize and inform religious believers that funerals should be held in religious places approved by the government to prevent cheating, shoddy, and sitting on the ground to start the price from disrupting the market.
4. Grasp the relationship between management and education. In view of the current rural wedding and funeral market and feudal superstitious activities, we must carry out special rectification, standardize the market order, and stop the bad atmosphere. Although the special rectification is strong and effective, the normalized and long-term education work is more important. It is urgent to educate farmers, and the key is to innovate the ways and means of publicity and education, and to carry it out in a cultural and artistic way that farmers like? Moisturize things silently? Publicity and education work. Only through long-term patient and meticulous publicity and education can we gradually improve farmers' ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality, fundamentally enhance farmers' ideological consciousness and improve rural social atmosphere.
Fourth, countermeasures and suggestions.
Kunshan's rural social and economic development is in a leading position in the country. However, the rise of feudal superstitions and stereotypes tells us that rural feudal superstitions and stereotypes will not disappear with the development of economy and society. Only by taking effective targeted measures can these problems be solved step by step.
1. It is suggested that the Civil Affairs Bureau should take the lead in investigating the funeral industry and personnel engaged in the funeral industry in various towns. Feng shui? Sir? Master? , witch statistics, understand the activities. Relevant persons in charge of towns and streets, especially community (village) cadres, must go deep into rural areas (communities), listen to villagers' voices, conduct actual investigation and study, and master first-hand information. The Municipal Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs is responsible for investigating the situation of burning incense and worshipping Buddha in Taoist temples in this city, especially those related to commercial activities. The Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce should sort out the business households engaged in the funeral industry in the city and investigate the existing problems. The above departments formed written investigation summary materials and reported them to the municipal office. It is suggested that the municipal office take the lead to further implement the responsibilities of districts, towns and departments.
2. Improve industry services. The first is to play the role of trade associations. The Civil Affairs Bureau guides funeral industry associations to strengthen their own construction, speed up the formulation of a number of industry norms, and guide employees to strengthen industry self-discipline. The second is to strengthen formal services in the industry. At present, the market of Kunshan funeral industry is chaotic. The Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce should strive to establish and cultivate a number of leading enterprises with standardized operations and regular services to lead the healthy development of the funeral industry in the city. The Civil Affairs Bureau should strengthen the standardized management of the city funeral parlour, and put an end to the phenomenon of private price increase and arbitrary pricing in the process of funeral, cremation, urn and cemetery sale. The third is to improve the optional package service. The Civil Affairs Bureau should guide the funeral service industry to provide a list of services that can be checked, respect the people's inner desire to cut down the complexity, simplify the whole funeral activities, enrich the content, make the scene solemn, and make the price people-friendly, so as to guide the new fashion of funeral industry civilization. The fourth is to strengthen price management. At present, there is a widespread phenomenon of asking for prices at will in wedding, funeral and festive industries. Without the lowest price tag, a good market environment is naturally out of the question. Civil affairs, industry and commerce, price and other departments should put forward reasonable government-guided prices for wedding photography, flowers, wedding cars, emcees, cameras and makeup on the basis of full investigation. In Kunshan wedding industry, there are shroud, wreath, hearse, cremation, urn, cemetery and so on. In the funeral industry, we should improve the price management system combining catalog management with hierarchical management and standardize market operation.
3. Increase government support. The first is to build a number of public welfare projects. In order to standardize mass sacrificial activities, fundamentally break feudal superstitions and save land, it is suggested that the government should learn from the experience of advanced areas in China's funeral reform, support all districts and towns to establish public welfare columbariums (instead of cemeteries) and burial centers, and establish healthy and civilized funeral methods. The second is to support a number of venues with funds. For example, community clubs in overseas Chinese and other places are open to residents at low prices, buy their own ingredients, and help neighbors organize weddings and funerals, thus stopping the wind of blind comparison. It is suggested that the government invest funds to build a number of similar venues in other districts and towns, and create a simple and frugal neighborhood mutual aid fashion. The third is to set up a reward for changing customs. Give material rewards to families and individuals who take the lead in establishing a new style of marriage frugality and consciously resist funeral superstition activities, forming a positive demonstration effect.
4. Standardize governance. The first is to carry out special rectification. It is suggested that the municipal government office organize the establishment of a leading group to jointly carry out special rectification of rural feudal superstitions and stereotypes with the Municipal Civilization Office, the Public Security Bureau, the Wenguang New Bureau, the Civil Affairs Bureau, the Religious Affairs Bureau, the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, and all districts and towns. Concentrate on training village cadres, industrial operators and relevant personnel, investigate and deal with unfair industrial competition, resolutely ban feudal superstitious activities that endanger personal safety, corrupt morality and take advantage of opportunities to make profits, and standardize and manage normal religious activities. The second is to establish a long-term mechanism. Civil affairs, religious affairs, funeral industry, wedding industry and other departments should formulate specific management measures, strengthen daily management, and incorporate them into the scope of annual work assessment to form an effective normal management mechanism. The third is to do a good job in the pilot work. Several villages with serious feudal superstitions and stereotypes were selected for pilot projects. When the proposal was issued, party member cadres took the lead in demonstrating, and the village cadres went deep into every household. Through patient and meticulous work, they gradually changed the villagers' consciousness, signed a letter of commitment with the villagers, simplified the form of weddings, funerals and celebrations, rationally burned incense and did not engage in feudal superstitious activities. On the basis of the pilot, it will be gradually expanded, which will have the effect of covering all areas.
5. Strengthen publicity and guidance. First, give full play to the exemplary leading role of party member cadres. Starting from ourselves, resolutely take the lead in not burning incense and worshiping Buddha, not engaging in feudal superstitious activities, and strictly restraining family members. Weddings and funerals should be simple and resolutely resist feudal superstitious activities. The second is to strengthen media publicity. Through the municipal media? One report, two machines and one network? Open a column to strengthen publicity and reporting on the harm of feudal superstitions and stereotypes in rural areas. Use community electronic display screens, outdoor public service advertisements, Weibo WeChat, cultural bulletin boards, etc. Intensify the propaganda of rural civilization. The third is to strengthen ideological and moral construction. Constantly improve rural ideology and morality? Three comments and three lectures? Activity, do it? Weddings, funerals, celebrations and civilization? Conduct regular moral lectures and carry them out in depth? I recommend commenting on moral models, good people around me, civilized and harmonious families? And other activities to spread civilized fashion. The fourth is to enrich the amateur cultural life of villagers. Give full play to the role of township cultural and sports teams and show the harm of feudal superstition in the form of operas, sketches and three sentences and a half. Which ones are popular with farmers, which ones are performed on the people's stage every day, as well as culture, science and technology and health? Going to the countryside? And other activities, so that more farmers can understand the dangers of feudal superstition, so that funerals can be held in a civilized way, weddings can be held frugally, and Buddhism can be held rationally.
? Things that benefit the people must be prosperous; If you want to help the people, you must go. ? The change of feudal superstition and stereotypes in rural areas lies in persistence and long-term effect. We believe that under the great attention and correct leadership of the Kunshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, Qi Xin, all departments and units, will make concerted efforts and make unremitting efforts to build a modern new Kunshan with profound traditional culture, which will surely make greater achievements in promoting the construction of rural civilization, so as to deepen? Moral City, Happy Kunshan? Construction, promote at a higher level, take the lead in basically realizing modernization and make greater contributions.
20 17? Change customs? Investigation Report II According to the arrangement of the main leaders of the Propaganda Department of the District Committee, in mid-August, Dongchang News Editorial Department organized personnel to go deep into David Miao Village of Gu Lou Street and Tianzhuang Village of Houying Town in our district, and conducted an investigation on the problem of changing customs in our district through on-the-spot investigation, discussion with members of village (neighborhood) committees and distribution of questionnaires. This symposium was held twice, and 60 questionnaires were distributed, and 53 valid questionnaires were recovered.
Second, the basic situation of typical cases
David Miao Village, Gulou Street: Located in the southwest of the city, it is adjacent to Changrun Road in the east and Zhanqian Street in the west, with a population of 1762.
Now there are red and white councils and red and white canteens in the village. Before, first, there was a phenomenon of sitting on a running water mat. Never mind whose family in this village has red and white affairs, sit down? Zhuang Xiang Xi? It used to be very powerful, and I sat at more than 80 tables at most. Some people, following 50 yuan's ceremony, sat for 3-4 people, leaving all households unprepared, resulting in overcrowding and great waste. Second, the application is unreasonable. Please ask in advance before every wedding. Please require at least 5 tables and at most 10 tables. According to the current regulations, please don't exceed 2 tables. This alone can save 2000 yuan for every red and white thing.
In view of the stereotype in the past, the neighborhood committee called all the members of the team, party member, and Director Hong Bai to discuss and decide that starting from the first day of the first lunar month on 20 16, according to the village custom, no more than two tables are allowed for red and white affairs? Zhuang Xiang Xi? Zhuang Xiang, who has no help task, is not allowed to help? Sit? Figure out what will happen. Sit? , what's not? Sit? Four regulations, and made two billboards hanging at the entrance of the community and the entrance of the restaurant.
It is estimated that at least 25 tables can be saved for each red and white event. If each table is calculated according to 300 yuan standards,? Zhuang Xiang Xi? This red and white event can save 7500 yuan, so please sit at no more than 2 tables instead of sitting? Zhuang Xiang Xi? Each wedding can save an average of 9,000 yuan, and the whole neighborhood Committee can save an average of 70 weddings and funerals every year, saving more than 600,000 yuan.
Tianzhuang Village, Houying Town: Located along Liaoxin Road, it is a provincial-level civilized village with 3,500 villagers, most of whom are vegetable greenhouses.