For China, the "two river basins" between the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and China are the most suitable areas for developing agriculture in the world, with vast territory and abundant resources, fertile land and rich products. This has created a splendid ancient farming civilization in China. It is this that has hindered the social changes in China with history. Suitable farming areas and strong farming civilization have created a comfortable social environment, which promoted the development of productive forces and social progress in the middle and early stages. But it also gave birth to a stubborn natural economy and a cultural atmosphere represented by Confucianism. In ancient China, social stratum was divided into four classes, namely "scholar, agriculture, industry and commerce". Natural economy, self-sufficiency, low commodity circulation. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, that is, when China just entered the feudal society, Shang Yang, Han Fei and others put forward the ideas and measures of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and the rulers restricted commerce for a long time. Without extensive free trade as the basis, capitalism can only be in the primary stage.
First of all, the so-called asceticism asceticism refers to a life characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures (also known as penance). People who practice asceticism usually feel that what they do has noble moral sentiments, and they constantly pursue this kind of life to reach a higher spiritual realm. How to interpret this is a religious term? Can't call it ideology?
The typical economic model in western Europe is manor economy. Manor land is generally divided into land operated by owners and farmers' land, and some also include part of free land. Manor is a self-sufficient natural economic form. Manor production mainly provides livelihood for producers and lords, and its products are rarely sold. The management of feudal real estate is not only a manor form, but also an open land system and tenancy system. In addition to the land of lords and serfs, the land in the manor is also free; The producers in the manor are not all serfs, but also free tenants and employees. Labor rent is not the only form, but also physical rent and monetary rent. This manor is only an important form of agricultural production organization in medieval western Europe, but it is not the only form of production organization. In addition, there are many management models that freely implement the tenancy system. Farmers are not completely serfdom, and there are many free farmers in society. Even in the manor, there are free tenants and employees besides serfs.