Western European countries are small in size and have limited products. With the development of productive forces, they must conduct large-scale trade for their own needs. The necessity of trade promoted the great prosperity of commerce. The development of commodity economy promotes the disintegration of natural economy and causes the polarization of small commodity producers. The primitive accumulation of capital accelerated this differentiation. The basic conditions of capitalist production are: on the one hand, a large number of proletarians who have lost their means of production and have to sell their labor; On the other hand, huge amounts of money and means of production are concentrated in the hands of a few people and converted into capital. In addition, the thirst for oriental spices and gold has expanded the tentacles of western Europeans and greatly promoted the primitive accumulation of capital. For modern people, the importance of spices for daily life may not be realized, but for the ancients, especially western Europeans, spices are necessary. Meat accounts for a large proportion in the daily food of Europeans. In the past, there was no effective food storage technology. Pickling food is the only way to preserve food obtained in autumn into winter. Pickled food needs a lot of spices, seasonings and food additives. In Europe, the production of spices is very small. The Portuguese navigator da Gama bypassed the Cape of Good Hope and went to India mainly to find ways to trade spices. It can be said that spices, like gold and missionary work, are an important reason for the great geographical discovery in Europe. Capitalist society is a society ruled by law, and the foundation of society is equality before the law. On the other hand, commerce is based on equal trade. Equality is a powerful weapon against feudal hierarchical monarchy. (During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, that is, when China just entered the feudal society, Shang Yang, Han Fei and others put forward the ideas and measures of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and strengthening the foundation and restraining the end, which shows this. Therefore, in this respect, equal business and equal capitalist society complement each other. The establishment of capitalist system is the requirement of capital accumulation, the requirement of the bourgeoisie and the requirement of early commercial development. It can be said that there would be no capitalism without the great development of free international trade.

For China, the "two river basins" between the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and China are the most suitable areas for developing agriculture in the world, with vast territory and abundant resources, fertile land and rich products. This has created a splendid ancient farming civilization in China. It is this that has hindered the social changes in China with history. Suitable farming areas and strong farming civilization have created a comfortable social environment, which promoted the development of productive forces and social progress in the middle and early stages. But it also gave birth to a stubborn natural economy and a cultural atmosphere represented by Confucianism. In ancient China, social stratum was divided into four classes, namely "scholar, agriculture, industry and commerce". Natural economy, self-sufficiency, low commodity circulation. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, that is, when China just entered the feudal society, Shang Yang, Han Fei and others put forward the ideas and measures of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and the rulers restricted commerce for a long time. Without extensive free trade as the basis, capitalism can only be in the primary stage.

First of all, the so-called asceticism asceticism refers to a life characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures (also known as penance). People who practice asceticism usually feel that what they do has noble moral sentiments, and they constantly pursue this kind of life to reach a higher spiritual realm. How to interpret this is a religious term? Can't call it ideology?

The typical economic model in western Europe is manor economy. Manor land is generally divided into land operated by owners and farmers' land, and some also include part of free land. Manor is a self-sufficient natural economic form. Manor production mainly provides livelihood for producers and lords, and its products are rarely sold. The management of feudal real estate is not only a manor form, but also an open land system and tenancy system. In addition to the land of lords and serfs, the land in the manor is also free; The producers in the manor are not all serfs, but also free tenants and employees. Labor rent is not the only form, but also physical rent and monetary rent. This manor is only an important form of agricultural production organization in medieval western Europe, but it is not the only form of production organization. In addition, there are many management models that freely implement the tenancy system. Farmers are not completely serfdom, and there are many free farmers in society. Even in the manor, there are free tenants and employees besides serfs.