Shanyin County is located in the east of north latitude112 25'-13 04' and between 3911'-39 47' north latitude, in the north of Shanxi Province. It is 66.7 kilometers long from north to south and 36.5 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 1.657 square kilometers. The county has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 10 townships (Daiyue Town, Yujing Town, Beizhouzhuang Town, Gucheng Town, Wumaying Township, Maying Township, Xiabugao Township, Heshengbao Township, Daiyue Township, Rong 'an Township and Xuepi Township). The total population is 220,000 (2004). There are Hengshan Mountain, Hongtao Mountain and Huanghualing Mountain in the county, and there are four major rivers: Sanggan River, Mugua River, Huang Shuihe River and Zi Yuan River (Wumaying Dahecao River). The territory is rich in natural resources, mainly coal, with a total area of 355.2 square kilometers and total reserves of11400,000 tons. The coal quality is mainly chlorine coal and weak caking coal, which is high-quality bituminous coal. Iron ore reserves are about 40 million tons, hematite; Bauxite is about 9 million tons; The predicted reserves of clayey siltstone reach hundreds of millions; About 30 million tons of limestone; Calcite is about 400,000 tons; Marble is about 6.5438+million cubic meters. In addition, there are quartzite, potash feldspar, biotite and basalt. Yin Shan county has a long history and outstanding people. Although it has experienced thousands of years of vicissitudes, some relics still exist. There are 35 ancient sites, ancient buildings (groups) and 5 ancient tombs, which are listed as national second-class cultural relics 12 and 72 third-class cultural relics, among which the Han Group, the tomb of Emperor Guangwu and the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty are quite famous. There are also many famous people in history: Geng Yue, general of Anyuan in Northern Wei Dynasty, Zhang Jun, Duke of Guo Rui in Tang Dynasty, Mi Xin, general of Zhao Kuangyin in Song Dynasty, Sha Yanxun, prime minister of Liao Dynasty, An Mingben, marshal of Pingyang in Yuan Dynasty, Wang Jiaping, chief cabinet secretary in Ming Dynasty, and Cui Zengrui, teacher of Liang Qichao in Qing Dynasty. Historically, agriculture in Yin Shan was dominated by planting, supplemented by aquaculture. Grain crops include wheat, millet, millet, corn, sorghum, naked oats and buckwheat. Cash crops include vegetables, flax, fruits, melons and vegetables, sunflowers, etc. The breeding industry is mainly cattle and pigs, and chickens, sheep and rabbits are also raised.

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the industrious people of Yin Shan, under the guidance of the Party's reform and opening-up policy, have worked hard to start a business around the strategic goal of strengthening the county and enriching the people, and the national economy and social development have shown an unprecedented good momentum.

1, remarkable achievements have been made in agricultural development. Since the reform and opening up, under the correct leadership of the county party committee and the county government, the people of Yin Shan have vigorously developed farming and aquaculture, and constantly promoted the process of agricultural industrialization with cows as the main products. The county has basically formed an industrial chain of planting, breeding and processing with Yin Shan characteristics, and has embarked on an agricultural industrialization development road of "market leading, base driving, base connecting farmers, integration of trade, industry and agriculture, and integration of production and marketing", which has effectively promoted corn planting, dairy farming and marketing in the county. The county's total rural economic income reached 65.438+0.59 billion yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers reached 2,205 yuan. There are 48,600 cows at present, and the fresh milk output reaches170,200 tons. Shanyin County has become a famous dairy county in China.

2. Industrial development is advancing by leaps and bounds. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, various departments, villages (towns) and village-run industries, as well as individual and industrial households in urban and rural areas appeared one after another. The county's industries have formed a new situation in which the state, collectives and individuals participate together, and initially formed industries such as dairy, coal, food, building materials, machinery and chemical industry. In the whole industry, the dairy processing industry dominated by Shanxi Gucheng Dairy Group, the coal industry dominated by coal resources, the chemical industry dominated by furfural, calcium carbide and fertilizer, and the building materials industry dominated by cement and stone production have greater advantages. The output of dairy products in the county reached 6.5438+0.67 million tons, and the output of raw coal was 4.23 million tons. Gucheng brand milk powder and healthy brand oatmeal won national awards and became brand-name products. Furfural, calcium carbide, carpets and other products are exported to foreign countries.

3. Infrastructure construction has been gradually improved. Since the founding of New China, after decades of hard work and earnest construction, the hardware facilities in the county have changed greatly. North Tongpu Railway, Datong-Yuncheng Secondary Highway and Datong-Taiyuan Highway run through the county with convenient traffic conditions. Daiyue Town is the economic and cultural center of the county. There are the largest commercial centers in Yin Shan-Department Store and Ren Li Mall, which provide great convenience for people's daily shopping. There are also advanced hotels such as Yanshan and Hua Shan, which can provide comfortable accommodation for guests coming to Yin Shan; There are well-equipped and talented Yin Shan People's Hospital and Shuozhou Psychiatric Hospital, which are famous all over the country and can provide high-quality treatment and services for patients in this county and other places. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards in the county, various household appliances such as TV, telephone and motorcycle have gradually entered the homes of ordinary people, and the living conditions of county residents have been greatly improved.

In 200 1 year, the county's GDP reached165438+700 million yuan, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 506 million yuan; The total fiscal revenue was 82.67 million yuan. After years of development, a large number of well-known brand enterprises and outstanding entrepreneurs, such as Qiao Jiuchong, Wang Yingxian and He Youyi, have emerged in the county, including Gucheng Dairy Group, Kangxi Co., Ltd., Yinshanyan Cereal Factory, Shixing Chemical Co., Ltd., Li Kang Chemical Co., Ltd. and Nangai Coal Mine. Established a county economic structure model with planting, breeding, dairy processing, coal, chemical industry and building materials as the main body, laying a solid foundation for the county economy in Yin Shan.

historical changes

Yin Shan is a county system in Ming Dynasty, which belongs to Yingzhou. The county seat is located in the south of Sanggan River, which is now Yin Shan City.

It passes through Houling Mountain at an altitude of1750m from Baicaokou in Daixian County, and is under the jurisdiction of Shanyin County to the north. The general trend of the Great Wall in Shanyin County is: passing through Xinguang Wucheng to the northeast, passing through Shuiyukou and Shajiasi to Huyukou. From Huyukou East out of Shanyin County, into Yingxian County, to Malankou. Shanyin County governs the Great Wall about 77 Li, and there are 67 brick towers and rammed earth piers, of which 3 are better brick towers and the rest are rammed earth platforms.

There are two buildings, old and new, in Guangwubao City. The new city is built next to the Great Wall, and the old city is in the west of the new city and outside the Great Wall.

In the foggy city of Xinguang, the stone-based brick masonry of the south wall is still good, with a brick arch and a stone plaque on its forehead, which is difficult to identify due to weathering. The bricks of the east and west walls were removed, leaving rammed earth walls eight to ten meters high, and some of them collapsed. Most of the subcontracted bricks in the north wall of the city were demolished for civilian use. This city gate still has rammed earth walls and brick arches. The gatehouse at the north gate is connected with the portal platform as a whole, both of which are made of bricks. There are three doors in the south of this building, and now there is a wooden door, which has become a warehouse in the village. There is a stone plaque embedded in the doorway, which is indistinguishable due to weathering. There are three arrow windows in the east and west of the building, and the north wall of the building collapses.

There is a stone tablet on the ground downstairs, which has been illegible due to weathering.

According to Dai Zhouzhi, Xinguang Wucheng was built in the seventh year of Hongwu (AD l374) and rebuilt in the third year of Wanli (AD 1575). There was something strange on Wednesday.

According to the Records of Daizhou quoted in the Records of Two Towns and Three Guans, "Shuozhou and Mayi Dachuan in Guangwudang are in the rush, and the new generation is the key to the county. Any enemy who enters from Datong's left and right guards must be the first offender. East Vietnam is vast, the enemy attacks Lou and Pingyi in the north, and Baicaogou in the west. It is very important to carve beams with willows. Yanmen is on guard, so it is urgent. "

The Great Wall passes through Xinguang Fog City and reaches Zaoyinwa Village. Most of the walls are made of masonry. Due to natural collapse and man-made destruction, most walls only contain rammed earth. However, in many areas, there is still a stone wall intermittently. On the wall near the side of Xinguang Wucheng, there are still two brick watchtowers. The Great Wall crosses the Guangwu River, and the inner wall of the riverbed has already been washed away by the flood. Crossing the river is the first remaining brick enemy building. There is a door on the east and west walls of this building, which is located in the south of an arrow window. Stone tablets are embedded in the doorway, and the characters are unclear due to weathering. There are three arrow windows on the north wall of the building, and the south wall has been destroyed. The eighth watchtower in the north of Zaoyinwa, which crosses the building to the east, is also better. The building has three arrow windows in the east, west and north, and a door in the south. There is also a plaque embedded in the door, and the words are illegible. There are brick carvings around the plaque. There is only one family in Zaoyinwa village, who lives in the south of the building, and the whole courtyard wall is made of Great Wall bricks.

The Great Wall passed through Zaoyinwa, and was paved with stones for about a mile. It was built along the northern slope of the mountain and collapsed seriously. From Huali to Nansigou Village, there is basically no fence, and there are constantly enemy towers built along the mountain road. There are only rammed earth mounds in this building. There are only stone walls in some places between buildings.

From Nansigou Village to Shuiyukou via Daquangou, Miaojiayao and Dongsi Village, a brick watchtower has been built on the hills on the east and west sides of each ditch, which has now become a rammed earth pier.

According to Dai Zhouzhi, Weng Wanda said, "From Dashuiyu Cliff in the east to Huojiapo in Malankou, there are 96 enemy platforms, 288 houses and 1,840 kilns outside the wall. "three

On the mountains on the east and both sides of Shuiyukou, there are enemy towers that have been destroyed into rammed earth. The building introduced by fellow villagers turned out to be brick. After crossing Shuiyukou, the Great Wall continued northeast along the hillside, passing through Pandao Kiln, Fengjiayao, Wangjiayuan and Xujiaao, and reached Shajiamiao. In this section of the Great Wall, only nearly 100 meters of rammed earth was left to the east of Shuiyukou, and then it went up to Fengjiayao. The wall and the enemy platform were gone. After passing Fengjiayao on a gentle hillside, you can see the remaining rammed earth mound.

After crossing the Great Wall of Shajiamiao, we will continue along the hillside, pass through Nankou, Huyukou and Sujiachang, go out of Shanyin County and enter Yingxian County. Now there is no trace of the wall in this section of the Great Wall, only rammed earth mounds are built in the ravines along the hillside and on the hills on both sides of the ravines.

Geography and humanities

Yanmenguan Yanmenguan (today's county) is a battleground for military strategists, which is about 0/0 km away from Yinshan Guangwu City/KLOC. This pass has the tendency of "one person defends it, and ten thousand people can't force it", and it has always been regarded by military strategists as an important place to defend Kyoto and the Central Plains. It is famous for its fortress, precipitousness and many wars in history, and is listed as one of the nine famous passes in China. "Lu Chunqiu" records: "There are nine jams in the world, so check one. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Tang Dynasty, it was famous for Chasai. Tang began to set customs, and the hook plug was changed to Yanmenguan. Yanmenguan was an important stronghold to defend Qidan in Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty cancelled the pass fortification. In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1374), the ancient Yanmenguan was abandoned in the Yuan Dynasty, so it was relocated and built here. The ancient Yanmenguan is at the top of Gouzhu Mountain, in front of Daheling Pass and behind Baicaokou. A few miles away from the present Yanmenguan, there are two completely different ancient and modern Yanmenguan roads: the ancient Yanmenguan road, from Daheling to Baicaokou; Now Yanmenguan Road, from Nankou to Wu Xinguang. The east and west cliffs of Yanmenguan are steep and steep, and the middle roads are vertical and horizontal and rugged. It's called Ximen, also called Yanmenguan. Since the Song Dynasty, the 18 pass, surrounded by mountains and waters, has become a major defense, strengthened external defense, consolidated the key to Taiyuan's internal defense, reached three levels, and controlled the Central Plains, which has important strategic significance and military value. Yanmenguan is closely related to the new and old Guangwu. Historically, ethnic minorities in northern China committed crimes in the south from time to time, and they would attack Guangwu first and then Yanmen. For thousands of years, this majestic pass has built a steel barrier with its stalwart body, blocking all invading enemies. Zhao Limu was stationed in Yanmen for decades, and more than 100,000 Huns were defeated. Qin Mengtian came out of the wild goose gate and struck Hu in the north of the city. In order to defend the enemy in the south, Han set up a defense in Yanmenguan area, and Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Ji Guang often galloped inside and outside the Great Wall. Tang Xueguiren attacked Xiongnu in Yanmen many times. Yang Ye defeated Liao soldiers outside Yanmenguan in the Northern Song Dynasty. From then on until the Ming Dynasty, there were generals guarding Yanmenguan. Countless defenders wrote heroic elegies here. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, He Long and Guan Xiangying commanded the Eighth Route Army120th Division to annihilate the Japanese aggressors here. 1948, in order to win the final victory of liberating the whole country, the CPC Central Committee decided to make a major strategic shift. President Mao Zedong and other central leaders passed Guangwu and Yanmenguan in Yin Shan, carefully watched some inscriptions on ancient battlefields and visited the magnificent Great Wall. Yanmenguan has three doors: east, west and north. The East Gate Building is called the Wild Goose Building. Outside the gate is the former site of Li Mu Temple. There is a flagpole on the left and right of the feeding gate, a desk in front of the temple, and several stone tablets, such as Wu Anjun Temple Monument, which still exist today. Ximenlou is the Liulang Temple. There is a garrison in the north, a martial arts training ground in the northwest, and the top of Yanmen Mountain "Crossing the Wild Goose Peak" in the south. Xiaobeimen is the first gate of Yanmenguan, with I-shaped stone tablets embedded in front of it, and stone tablets of "natural barrier" and "geographical advantage" embedded in the east and west gates respectively. Chengguan Tower carved couplets:

What time is the broken star clear in the morning?

In the morning, the lonely moon closed the door.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Guanlou was burned down by the Japanese invaders, leaving only the East-West Gate, the Small North Gate and the Li Mu Feeding Point. Inspired by "Love my China, Repair My Great Wall", Daixian People's Government raised funds 1989 to restore Yanmenguan Tower, so that Guancheng can regain its former glory. Today's tour is objective, and there is indeed a trend of "the city turns with the mountains and closes the cloud."

The Great Wall of Wan Li-The Great Wall of Wan Li in Yin Shan is next to Yinshan Mountain and Hengshan Mountain. Taihang Mountain. The trend of Luliang Mountain is divided into two parts. The outer two branches, the inner Great Wall is built in the shade of Hengshan Mountain, and the foreign minister is built in the sun of Yinshan Mountain. The Great Wall in Shanyin County belongs to the Inner Great Wall, which is a relatively intact section in Shanxi Province. It starts from Wu Xinguang in the east, connects with Hongliling in Daixian County in the west, and is connected with the eastern section of the Inner Great Wall 18 by the shadow of Hengshan Mountain, with a total length of 5.3 kilometers. This wall is 6 meters high. 6 meters, 6.5 meters wide at the bottom and 3.5 meters wide at the top. The bottom is made of limestone and bluestone, and the rest is made of bricks. The Great Wall is built on the mountain, and the bowl hovers over the mountains, which is spectacular. There are many towers at the intersection, turning point and commanding height of the city wall. The Great Wall, the enemy towers, the beacon towers and the Yanmenguan echo each other from a distance, forming a complete strategic defense system, which still retains the momentum of the ancient battlefield. There is also the Han Great Wall in Shanyin County. Located 5 kilometers south of the old Guangwu, it runs along the east-west direction of Hengshan Mountain, about 10 kilometers long. The whole building is made of stone without layers, and now it has become a relic.

The throat of Yanmen-Guangdong and Guangxi, located at the foot of the Great Wall at Yanmen Mountain in Yinshan, next to Yanmenguan, is an important military defense stronghold on the Great Wall. Close to the fortress, located at the crossroads, closely connected with the Great Wall. It is called the key to the north gate. In history, military strategists fought in Yanmenguan, which was often the battlefield of hand-to-hand combat. Guangwu was founded in the Warring States Period. According to records, after Hu Lin and Loufan were destroyed, King Wuling of Zhao built the Inner Great Wall along the Gouzhu Mountain, and at the same time built the Gouzhu Plug to make Guangwu City, namely Yanmen County at that time. Guangwu County was established in the Western Han Dynasty. Guangwu in the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to the land of Gyeonggi, and it is the south gate to welcome emperors and ministers to go to war, triumph and embassies of various countries to enter the DPRK. Sui was changed to Yanmen County. Song and Liao dynasties are bounded by this place, and Guangwu belongs to Liao and Xijing Road. Take the Golden Road instead, belonging to Datong Mansion of Xijing Road. Ming returned to Shanxi and came to Zhongshu Province, where patriotic general Yu Qian was stationed to fight against tile thorn. From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, it was a county. After the Japanese occupation, it was allocated to Yin Shan. Historically, there have been many wars, large and small, between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. In 980 AD, Yang Yedai J, a general of the Song Dynasty, commanded several Khitans, and Yang Ye led the army to "attack from west to south, and the Khitans were defeated". The war happened here, and Yang Ye and others pursued the Khitan army from Jinshuo County. There are two ancient cities in Guangwu today: one is located in Yao Chong, the eastern corner of Gouzhu, named Xinguangwu; Secondly, it is located at the intersection of Xiling and is famous for its old Guangwu. Wu Xinguang, formerly known as Guangwuying, is located at 10 km north of Yanmenguan. The two mountains are opposite, and Yingcheng is located in the middle, which is also an important place to guard Yanmenguan. It was rebuilt in the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1374) and restored in the third year of Wanli (1575). The perimeter of the city is 4 miles, the height of the city is 10 meter, and the width of the city wall is 4 meters. The wall is made of bricks outside the soil, which is solid and majestic. The left and right sides connect the East and West Great Wall, and the middle is the East and West Gate, which chokes the throat. Xinguangwu consists of three lines of defense: Shanwengcheng, Guangwucheng and Nanguan Wengcheng. From a distance, the new Guangwu looks like a dustpan, and Nanguan Wengcheng looks like a bucket. In the Ming Dynasty, heavy troops guarded 18, including Pingxing Pass, Beiloukou Pass and Dashiying Pass.

Defend the border and die-Han Group is located on a vast plain in the north of Xinguangwu City, dotted with mounds of different sizes. The mounds of mounds are undulating and spectacular, and the locals call them "lying grain piles". Legend has it that Yang Jiajiang fought against the enemy in the Song Dynasty, and flour and rice, who pretended to be a soldier, deceived the other side. In fact, it was the grave of countless soldiers killed on the frontier. According to relevant records, during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were wars for more than 50 years, and most of the fallen soldiers were buried nearby. The height of the mound depends on the official title of the deceased before his death, and the level is strict. The bigger the tomb, the greater the official position of the tomb owner. The Han nationality covers an area of 7.5 square kilometers and has designated 294 tombs. Tomb 236 is the largest tomb, covering an area of 4 mu and about 20 meters high. This is the largest tomb group of the Han Dynasty discovered in China so far, which has important reference value for studying the politics, economy and culture of the Han Dynasty. 1988 was officially designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit.