The common range of traditional suona is 17 degrees, ranging from bass A to treble A (treble B is occasionally used, but it is difficult to play).
Modern and improved keyboard suona adds keys and semitone holes to increase the range and stabilize the pitch. Common low-key alto suona, the common range is generally eighteen degrees.
The high-pitched suona in D is recorded according to the actual pitch with the high-pitched spectrum. Its total value domain is a( 1)-b(3), and the common value domain in the band is a( 1)-d(3).
The biggest feature of suona is that it can control the whistle with its mouth to make changes in volume, pitch and timbre, as well as the use of various techniques. Mastering breathing well is one of the basic skills of wind-blowing music. It is often said that "full breath" means that full breath is the basis of "full voice".
A better breathing method is "abdominal breathing". When inhaling, the lower abdomen contracts inward and the chest ribs expand outward. When inhaling, use the movement of the lower abdomen to control the urgency of exhaling. Generally speaking, blowing suona means inhaling faster and more; But stretch forward slowly and less, and pay attention to the use of abdominal movements to control the breath to meet the needs of playing music.
Pay attention to three points when practicing breathing:
1. When breathing, all parts of the body that have nothing to do with breathing should be relaxed. Breathing should be controlled, and the volume should be used as needed. Generally speaking, inhale more and faster; Exhale less and slowly.
2. Keep the continuity of exhalation and inhalation. Don't wait until the first breath is completely exhaled before you start inhaling the second breath. Instead, you should start inhaling the second breath before the first breath is completely exhaled, so that it can continue.
3, the general situation is to inhale through the nose, only when grasping the air or inhaling through the nose is not enough, only inhale through the mouth and nose at the same time. 1, circulating ventilation method
Cyclic ventilation is not commonly used, and it is only used when playing some continuous long sounds. Its method is to control breathing with the strength of the lower abdomen, inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth. When the nose inhales, the ribs expand and the lower abdomen contracts inward, so that the breath moves upward, that is, the breath is sent to the mouth with the pressure of the lower abdomen; Then, according to the required amount, the breath of both cheeks is gradually discharged outward, and the abdominal muscles are gradually relaxed with exhalation. Repeat the same process for the second breath. It should be noted that at the end of the first process, the second breath should be inhaled through the nose first, and then the breath in the mouth should be controlled, so that the connection between the two processes is very coherent, no trace of ventilation can be heard, and the long sound can be well maintained. When practicing this breathing method for the first time, you can prepare a reed and a bowl of water, then insert the reed tube into the bowl and blow air into the reed according to the above-mentioned cyclic ventilation method until it can bubble continuously in the water. The method is basically correct. Practice like this, and then practice on the suona. When practicing, play the eighth hole first, and then practice other sounds.
2, gas vibrato
Air vibrato is a kind of intonation, and "~" is added to the notes. Its playing method is: breathe fully, the lower abdomen strongly supports the breath and makes elastic contraction, so that the sound is slightly undulating, and its effect is like the kneading of strings. This vibrato can be divided into fast and slow and strong and weak according to the requirements of music. Usually used for long notes, sometimes its fluctuation can express the styles of different nationalities or places.
3. Teeth trill
Tooth vibrato is also a kind of intonation, which is expressed by the phonetic symbol "~" plus the word "tooth". When playing, gently vibrate the whistle root with your lower teeth to make it vibrate. This kind of singing is mostly used to play traditional opera, folk art and folk music with strong style. There are two types: hard tremor and soft tremor: hard tremor is to directly touch the whistle root with teeth, and soft tremor is to put the lips between the teeth and the whistle root. Tooth vibrato usually uses one sound, so we should pay attention to the uniformity of vibration.
4. Finger vibrato
Finger vibrato, also called "finger flower" in folk, is a widely used skill. This technique is often used to express cheerful and enthusiastic feelings, and it is even more varied when it is used to decorate the feelings expressed by some voices in some lyric songs. In performance, it is characterized by being able to clearly hear the rapid alternation of two adjacent sounds. Although the alternating movements are fast, the edges and corners should be very clear, otherwise it will become the effect of intonation and lose the characteristics of vibrato.
5, forearm vibrato
The effect of forearm vibrato still sounds different from that of finger vibrato. It does not use finger movements to make sound holes, but uses the rapid shaking of the forearm to drive the fingers. Tik Tok direction is perpendicular to the wooden pole, and fingers repeatedly press it to open the sound hole, making the pronunciation tremble. This vibrato has the characteristics of uniformity and density, and it is more lasting in time. Often used in passionate paragraphs, especially in high-pitched parts.
Pay attention to the following three points when practicing:
(1) Fingers don't move, and they are completely driven by forearm movements.
(2) Fingers should not lift the sound hole too high, as long as they are slightly away.
(3) Fingers, wrists and forearms should be kept in a straight line. In the traditional tuning method of suona, it is based on the instruments used. Regardless of the size or the thickness of the woodwind, pressing all the sound holes (that is, the woodwind sound) is called "tuning". This is a basic title that all comrades who play suona are familiar with. Because it is a necessary sound for beginners, it is called "Benxue" in the terminology of folk artists.
The naming of this "Ben Diao" is a common name everywhere. Take the "seven-inch" small suona as an example, its pitch is equivalent to the central "C" of the keyboard instrument, that is, "1". Its scale is arranged as "1 2 5 4 5 6 7 1 2", and then the seven notes of this scale are used as the sound names of "CDEFGAB", and it is necessary to get "1=e, 1=D, i=E" to play suona. If the sound hole is not pressed tightly, the sound will often be inaccurate.
The playing skills of suona are very rich, which can be roughly divided into oral skills and finger skills. They are often used in combination in performance, including Legato, Single Vomiting, Shuang Tu, Three Vomiting, Elastic, Flower Tongue, Silver, Slippery, Tremolo, Overlapping and Buffering. It can also imitate the songs of birds and insects.