Tang Libai

The flat forest is vast and smoky,

The cold mountain area is sad and melancholy.

The color enters the tall building,

Someone upstairs is in a hurry.

Wang Jie stood empty,

It is urgent to stay at home.

Where is the return trip,

The long pavilion is shorter.

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70 1-762, word Taibai, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) Qinglian Jushi. Tang Xuanzong dedicated himself to Hanlin. After returning the money, I wandered around. During the Anshi Rebellion, he once entered Wang Yong's phosphorus mansion and was exiled to Yelang because of phosphorus defeat and "disobedience". He was pardoned halfway and returned to the east. In his later years, he drifted to the southeast and died in Dangtu (now Anhui). His poems, together with Du Fu, are the highest in the Tang Dynasty and have a long-standing reputation. Li Taibai didn't have his words in the collection of books in Song Dynasty. There are twelve poems of Li Bai in Zunqian Collection, but there are many forgeries.

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(1) Textual research on "New Notes on Zero Ink" by Jinshui Yi shows that "Bodhisattva Man" is an ancient Burmese song, which was introduced to China in the period and classified as a song. Tone sandhi, 44 characters, two rhymes and two rhymes.

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The First Bodhisattva was handed down by Li Bai in the collection of Zunqian in the early Song Dynasty, the later Records of Documents and Yang Hui's Poems. The yellow book "Wonderful Selections of Tang and Song Dynasties" promoted this word to "the ancestor of a hundred dictionaries". However, since the Ming Dynasty, people have always questioned that Hu Yinglin was written by Li Bai in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. This controversy continues to this day.

This is a poem about caring for people, which is about missing women and looking forward to long-lost pedestrians in the distance. The first two sentences are vision. High-rise buildings are extremely eye-catching, and flat forests and autumn mountains span the end of the day. When you stare, you can't feel the sunset. "Smoke like a weave" means the twilight is dense, and "sad blue" means the mountains are getting darker. Wang Jian's poem "Jiangling envoy goes to Ruzhou" says: "The peaks at dusk are as green as dye, and businessmen call them Ruzhou Mountain". Xue Tao's poem is entitled Zhulang Temple: "There are many ancient trees in front of Zhulang Temple, and the sunset glow is greener." Say too much, you can refer to it. These two sentences are written from the eyes of the thinking woman who looks at the building far away. They are very subjective, and the distance and depth of pedestrians are all in it. The two sentences of "color" are close-ups, and the word "in" is from far to near, from the panoramic remote mountain of Linping to the close-up of thinking about women on the roof, which highlights the main body of the character "someone is worried upstairs" in an orderly manner. The next jade step stands looking up at the birds, which is different from the last one climbing the stairs overlooking Pingchu. What you see is different, and the feeling of missing is one. "Birds are anxious to get home" is also to compare pedestrians who are stranded in other places and are reluctant to return. The last sentence, count the return trip and predict the return date. Geng Xin's "Jiangnan Fu" has the language of "ten miles and five miles, a roadside pavilion". The word "Geng" in the word strengthens the continuous and even infinite impression. Numerous roadside kiosks on the journey not only show that the return journey is far away, but also shows that the return journey is hopeless, which corresponds to the word "empty" in the movie "Empty City Plan". Such a day is empty, and the sorrow of thinking about women will be endless. I don't blame pedestrians for forgetting to return, but I am worried about thousands of roads and don't look sad. Han Yuanji's "Nian Nujiao" says, "Who sings new words in front of you, Lin Ping really hates it." It can be seen that this "Bodhisattva Man" was sung in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

There are many poems by Li Bai, including more than 900 poems, with rich and colorful contents.

Li Bai cared about national affairs all his life, hoping to make contributions to the country, but he was not satisfied with the dark reality. His 59 antiques are representative works in this field. The dark corruption in Tang Xuanzong's later politics was widely exposed and criticized, which reflected the grief and indignation of talents who had nowhere to go. A lot of words are ironic, and the spirit is very high. Li Bai is eager to make contributions and serve the country, but he does not envy wealth. What do you think of are bells and drums, treasures and treasures? . After making contributions, he will follow the example of Lu Zhonglian, a senior scholar in the Warring States period, and quit without respect. His thoughts were obviously influenced by Taoism, especially Zhuangzi. Many of Li Bai's poems show concern and sympathy for people's lives. This content is often combined with criticism of rulers. Some of his Yuefu poems reflect women's lives and sufferings, which focus on thinking about women and remembering people, as well as the grievances of businessmen, abandoned wives and maids. His "Lodging in Wusongshan Mountain, Uncle Xun", "Song of Protection" and "Song of Autumn Pu" describe the lives of farmers, boatmen and miners respectively, showing concern for the working people. Li Bai wrote many poems describing natural scenery in his life. His poems "It's difficult to ascend to heaven through the Shu Road", "The water of the Yellow River can't be moved out of the sky and into the ocean, and it will never return" ("Into the wine"), "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days" ("Looking at Lushan Waterfall") and so on are all famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. This kind of poetry, just like some of his works praising Dapeng birds, shows his lofty aspirations and broad mind, and reflects his desire to pursue extraordinary things from the side. Other poems, such as Qiu Deng's North Building of Xuancheng Qi Xie, Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain and Journey to Qingxi, are good at depicting beautiful scenery, fresh and meaningful, and their styles are close to those of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Li Bai also has many poems about love and friendship. His Yuefu poems often express euphemistic and profound love from the perspective of female inheritors. There are also some poems about giving gifts and missing your wife, and their feelings are quite deep. Li Bai donated a large number of works to his friends, including many excellent works. Some of these poems show a distinct political attitude, and more often they show their daily farewell and lovesickness, such as the Yellow Crane Tower's farewell to Meng Haoran and Du Fu at Dunmenmen, hearing that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln for this purpose, reminiscing about the past, visiting the army and giving Wang Lun a present. Deep feelings, vivid images and strong artistic appeal. The content of Li Bai's poems also contains some feudal dross, among which more is the negative nihilism of promoting life as a dream, eating and drinking, and the religious superstition of seeking immortals to visit the Tao and alchemy. Some of his poems about women and love are vulgar. In Li Bai's poems, exaggerated and vivid metaphors are widely used. His poems "But since the water is still flowing, although it is a knife cut, raise a glass to ease the sorrow" (Uncle Yun, a farewell school book at Xiezilou in Xuanzhou) and "Three thousands of feet with white hair, Sorrow is like a beard" (Song of Autumn Pu, Part XV) depict his deep anxiety after the failure of political activities in Chang 'an, which are widely circulated famous sentences. His poem "Poetry from the North Window is not as good as a glass of water" ("Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King") wrote his own talent; "I would like to cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke on the ferry, and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow" ("Difficult to Travel"), which is difficult to write a career; "Peach Blossom Lake is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" ("To Wang Lun"), writing about the deep friendship between friends, etc. , all impressed readers with distinctive and prominent images. The imagination of Li Bai's poems is very rich and amazing. His "Strong winds blow my heart, and fairy trees hang in the west" ("Jin Xiang sends Wei Ba to the West") and "My heart is full of worries about the bright moon, and I stay in the West with the wind" ("I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to leave") all show his nostalgia for Chang 'an and his poetry friends with strange imagination. Fu Liangyin, Antique and Lotus Mountain in the West respectively express the destruction of Chang 'an City and the ravages of Anshi Rebellion on the Central Plains through fantasy. Farewell shows the hidden worries about the political situation in the later period of Tang Xuanzong through confusing legends. They are vivid and meaningful. With the help of myths and legends, Shu Dao Nan and Meng Deng Tian Mu Shan have built a colorful and thrilling realm.

The rich imagination of Li Bai's poems is particularly prominent in the long seven-character poems, which are obviously influenced by Qu Yuan. In terms of genre, Li Bai is good at classical poems and quatrains with relatively free form, and doesn't like to write metrical poems. 59 pieces of Antique are his representative works of five dynasties. The five ancient poems in his Yuefu have inherited the fine tradition of Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and their writing style is simple and vivid, full of the poet's enthusiasm. His seven-character ancient poems (including Yuefu seven-character songs and general seven-character poems) are more creative. The scenery is magnificent, colorful, lyrical and changeable. From the literary origin, this kind of poetry is most influenced by Qu Yuan's works, and it is difficult for Bao Zhao to imitate it. Li Bai is good at quatrains. His quatrains were improved on the basis of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which made him more alert. "Thinking on a Quiet Night" and "Yu Jiefen" and other five wonders are implicit and meaningful. There are also excellent works, clear and concise language, harmonious and beautiful timbre, lyrical scenery and simple explanations. For example, See you Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Making a White Emperor City as early as possible, and Presenting Wang Lun. Are well-known masterpieces. The evaluation of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty has always been that Li Bai and Wang Changling are best at blending scenes; Li Bai concentrated on the study of the Seven Laws, with only a dozen books and few excellent works. There are more than 70 poems about five laws, some of which are well written, which shows that he can write metrical poems, but he doesn't like to write more. Although Li Bai's Yuefu poems use the old Yuefu theme, they can be innovative. Those who wrote poems with the theme of old Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty made the most outstanding achievements. Some of his poems and quatrains are full of Yuefu poems, although they don't use Yuefu themes. The greatest feature of his poetic language can be said to be "clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved". Specifically, the language is straightforward and natural, the syllables are harmonious and smooth, natural and unpretentious, and it exudes the flavor of folk songs. This is mainly due to the study of Yuefu folk songs in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he didn't just learn and imitate the language of folk songs, but improved it on the basis of learning to make it more concise, beautiful and meaningful. His seven-character ancient poems are not only pure and natural, but also bold and unconstrained. Du Fu's poem "Memories of Li Bai in Spring" praised Li Bai's poems as "fresh" and "elegant", which revealed the remarkable characteristics of his language style. Li Bai's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu and Li He in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty, Qu Dajun, Huang Jingren and Gong Zizhen in the Qing Dynasty all benefited from and were influenced by Li Bai's poems to varying degrees.

Li Bai also wrote several poems. There are 12 poems in Zunqian Collection and 7 poems in Hua 'an Miao Ci Selection. Among them, "Qingpingdiao" has three songs "Clouds Want Clothes, Flowers Want Capacity", and the genre is actually a quatrain of seven words, which was sung with music at that time. Other long and short sentences handed down by Li Bai are not very credible. There are more than 60 essays by Li Bai today. Many antithetical sentences did not get rid of the popular parallel prose fashion at that time. But the language is natural and fluent, which is similar to its poetic style. Among them, Hanshu Jingzhou and Preface to Peach Blossom Garden (Li) were selected by later generations and widely read.