? For those who concentrate on their studies, Horseshoe Mountain and Songlin Qiugu are places where they can concentrate on their practice. Guo Jun, a great scholar, has been here for 20 years. Looking down from Horseshoe Mountain, the distant mountains are lush and colorful, with a panoramic view.
? In 220 AD, the Han Empire, the longest-lived dynasty in China's history, finally collapsed after 409 years of rule. Since then, after the brief unification of the Central Plains in the Three Kingdoms period and the Western Jin Dynasty, it soon ushered in a greater disaster. A scuffle broke out within the Sima family for the central government. In 3 1 1 year, the five nomadic tribal alliances of Xiongnu, Xianbei, Anta, Qiang and Di launched a massive attack on the Central Plains, which was called "Yongjia Rebellion" in history. Since then, China has fallen into an unprecedented pattern of great division and chaos in more than 300 years. Under the bloody slaughter and cruel ethnic oppression, the population in the north has dropped sharply. In such troubled times, China's traditional culture has suffered great losses, and its civilization ethics has been completely lost. At this time, the Central Plains has become a hell on earth. In order to survive, some aristocratic families were forced to make a choice, migrate to the northwest, cross the Yellow River and come to the Hexi Corridor. Hexi Corridor is remote, so it has not received much influence.
? As a relatively stable and calm place, a large number of people moved here. Guo He, a native of Qin 'an, Gansu, was born in a Confucian family, and his family was named after Confucian classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Guo He led his disciples through Wuwei to the Song Linqiu Valley at the foot of Horseshoe Mountain in Zhangye County, they stopped and trudged thousands of miles to see how green my valley was. Guo He felt unprecedented peace in his heart, which is exactly where he expected to live. The news that Guo He came to Songlin Qiugu soon spread among the taxi people in Hexi, which is a great good news for the children of Hexi who admire learning. Young students came here one after another, and Guo Jun was one of them. Guo He happened to like this shrewd young man, so Guo Jun became Guo He's disciple.
? Guo He's popularity gradually attracted the attention of local rulers. The emissary of Zhang Zuo, the former cool king, came to Guo He's door with a batch of luxurious chariots and horses and precious gifts, hoping that Guo He would come out of the mountain and be the "doctor's drink offering" in charge of education in Liang Qian, but Guo He declined politely. In troubled times, he just wanted to concentrate on his studies, and refusing to be an official was also their family motto. Although the emissary expressed understanding, the former cool king's will was also firm. He kept sending messengers to visit his home. In desperation, Guo had to agree to his request as an envoy. He came to Wuwei, the capital of Liang Qian, and met Zhang Zuo, the former king of Liang Qian. However, Zhang Zuo, who gained the throne through improper means, did not really respect and learn from his heart. After eighty-year-old Guo He bumped all the way to Wuwei, he did not serve as a formal school supervisor, but lived in seclusion in Liang Qian Palace and became a guest to accompany the prince to study. Together with him, he became a guest of honor, and another great scholar, Song Xian, who was forced out of the mountain, was from Xiaogu, Dunhuang. He studied hard at Nanshan Middle School in Jiuquan and set up a lecture hall. After Lao Song was forced out of the mountain first, Zhang Zuo repeatedly prevented him from resigning. In the end, he chose to starve himself to save the freedom and reputation of scholars.
? Song Xian's tragedy and Zhang Zuo's inaction extinguished Guo He's enthusiasm for Liang Qian's political power. He resigned from Zhang Zuo, but Zhang Zuo didn't stop him. Zhang Zuo sent someone to escort Guo He back to Song Linqiu Valley. Soon, Guo He died at the age of 84. Guo Jun buried the teacher Guo He next to the academy. He wrapped himself in filial piety and kept filial piety for the teacher for three years.
? After three years of mourning, Guo Jun went to the depths of Song Lingu, hoping to stay away from the disputes of time, and the outside world became more and more distant. He put Guo He's thoughts into his mind, integrated them, and wrote Mohism in the Spring and Autumn Period and Misalignment of Filial Piety, hoping that these works could be used by future generations. With the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the turbulent killing of the Central Plains, Confucianism, as the official school of the Han Dynasty, suffered a great blow, but Confucianism in Hexi was unique and extremely prosperous. Ten years have passed in Guo Jun. During these ten years, there are many young students, either traveling here or coming here, just like themselves. Guo Xuan inherited the practice of his teacher Guo He and preached, taught and dispelled doubts to his disciples in this quiet valley, trying his best to make them understand the true meaning of Confucianism.
? Although Guo Jun is low-key and devoted to studying, the messenger of Tianxi Zhang, the new former cool king, came here following the footsteps left by a batch of Hexi students. Shortly after Guo He's death, Zhang Zuo, the former cool king, suddenly died in the street because of a bloody coup, and his brother Tianxi Zhang usurped the throne. Shortly after Zhang Tianxi ascended the throne, a large-scale talent recruitment order was issued. He extended a warm invitation to Guo Jun, who was proficient in Confucian culture, hoping that Guo Jun could help him govern the country. However, Guo Jun was unmoved, and his teacher Guo He's political experience caused him strong anxiety. More importantly, Tianxi Zhang and Guo Jun, who gained the monarch status by usurping the throne, soon after, Tianxi Zhang sent messengers to Horseshoe Mountain again to invite Guo Jun, and personally wrote a forceful letter. He accused Guo Jun of evading his responsibilities as a Confucian and using Confucian morality to benefit the whole world. Guo Jun was silent for a long time, and finally pointed to the bird in the mountain and said to Tianxi Zhang's envoy, "This bird is also safe and locked in a cage." The angry messenger ordered the arrest of Guo's students and faced a painful choice. Guo sighed. I escaped from official recruitment, not from crime. How could I hurt my master because of my seclusion and integrity? Guo Jun was forced to leave the mountain, but he had no expectations for the future. Soon after they arrived in Wuwei, the mother of former cool king Tianxi Zhang died suddenly, and Guo Jun immediately took advantage of the chaos to return to the foot of Horseshoe Mountain.
? One day, Guo Jun gathered all his disciples and set up a seat in front of them. He said to his disciples, My daughter wants to find a son-in-law. If any of you can sit in this seat, I will marry her. As soon as the voice fell, a disciple immediately stood up and said, Sir, if you want a son-in-law, then give it to me. The young scholar's name is Liu Fang. Like Guo Jun, Liu Fang is from Dunhuang, also for studying. He/Kloc-left home at the age of 0/4 and came to Songlin Valley. He is the most proud and favorite student in Guo Jun, and his self-confidence when he got married made Guo Jun feel more gratified. However, Guo Jun's heart always echoed with deep sighs. In troubled times, he tried to be immune, but how to realize his ideal of saving the world.
? In 383 AD, Fu Jian, the former state of Qin, invaded the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but was defeated in the battle of Feishui. The former Qin dynasty was greatly weakened. Two years later, Fu Jian was killed and civil strife broke out in the former Qin Dynasty. At this time, the son of Zhang Tianxi, a former cool country, set out to attack Qin, and Qiu sent troops to Jiuquan. Wang Mu asked Guo Jun to come out and help. Surprisingly, Guo Jun was very positive this time. As a hermit scholar, Guo Jun was not invited by the imperial court when he was in Liang Qian and the former Qin Dynasty. He insisted on writing in the mountains and gathering disciples to teach, but he still came out of the mountains at this time. There is a great contrast before and after. Liu Fang was puzzled by Guo Jun's decision. Guo Jun explained that this was a friend's help for many years, and the situation was critical at that time. He decided to lend a helping hand to help him. However, the complexity of this political struggle far exceeds the imagination of a scholar in a study. Not long after the war, Wang Mu, who was suspicious by nature, began to suspect that the general Suoshu's mastery of military power would be bad for him, so he sent troops to attack Suoshu. When Guo Jun saw that internal disputes would rise, he quickly protested to Wang Mu, but this proposal didn't get any effect, and Wang Mu still went its own way. Seeing Wang Mu's behavior, Guo Jun had nothing to say. He turned and walked out of town. Outside the city gate, the scorching sun was like blood, and Guo Jun burst into tears. From then on, Guo Jun didn't eat or drink for seven days. No matter how Liu Yun tried to persuade him, he didn't say a word. Finally, Guo Jun died in Nanshan, Jiuquan.
? Liu Fang witnessed the whole process of Guo Jun, her father-in-law, from coming out of the mountain to getting lost and finally dying. Governing the country and ruling the world has always been the highest code of conduct of Confucianism, and Confucianism also has its own tradition of "learning to be an official", but is this the only way for Confucian scholars to realize their own existence value? Liu Fang lived in seclusion in the mountains, continued his lectures and writings, and continued his waiting. Time slipped away inadvertently. In the past decades, Liu Fang has also become the leader of the Stone Forest in Hexi. People came to invite him to be an official in an endless stream, but they were all politely declined by him. Until one day, a man named Li Fang came to visit him personally, and Liu Fang's life was as calm as water, which finally caused waves.
? Li Yong deeply analyzed his inner world in "Ode to Narrative Records", leaving behind a politician who tried to unify Hexi, thus helping Jinshi to restore the Central Plains, and at the same time leaving behind his inner entanglements and choices. He said that according to his nature, he is really not suitable for politics, but more suitable for being a scholar. He loves traditional culture and classical literature, does not pursue fame and fortune, and is willing to forget the landscape and take it lightly. Both Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun are role models in his life, but unfortunately, they were born at an untimely time, everywhere, and the people were miserable. He had to choose between saving the country and cherishing the ancient times.
? This heartfelt "Tears of Blood" made Liu Yun sing deeply. As a monarch, Li Yao's personal visit and courtesy to Corporal Xian touched Liu Fang, which his teachers Guo Yao and Guo He had never seen before. Liu Fang came out of the mountain happily and became the "scholar offering wine" in charge of culture and education in Xiliang.
? In 4 17, Li Jun died. Three years after Li Jun's death, Xiliang was destroyed by Beiliang State established by Xiongnu. Liu Yun was recruited by Beiliang regime and continued to write and teach in the official school system. Since then, no matter how stormy the outside world is, Liu Yun can only sit at his desk with peace of mind.
? Hexi scholars, represented by Guo He, Guo Yu and Liu Fang, have their own rich world. In that era when the world fell apart and heroes rose together, they not only witnessed the century-old situation of the Wuliang regime in Hexi, but also strengthened the mission of a pure land of scholars' souls and the inheritance of Confucianism. This is the feedback of Hexi Corridor to the Central Plains Dynasty and a unique contribution to the whole Chinese nation. When the Northern Wei Dynasty moved eastward, the policy was to allow the elderly over 70 years old not to move eastward. Liu Fang, who is over eighty years old, chose to stay in Hexi. The students watched the teacher's back all the way to the west and drifted away. That is the direction of Dunhuang, his hometown, and the place where his teacher Guo Jun died. On the long way home, Liu Fang insisted on having a look when she passed by Zhangye. But he's not that 14-year-old boy anymore. The heroism of "being mine" when choosing a spouse has long since vanished with the replacement of the three dynasties. The Confucian scholar in Hexi, who was later praised as "Confucian scholar of past dynasties" by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, finally failed to return to his hometown, so he chose to return to Songqiu Valley.
? At the foot of Horseshoe Mountain, the Autumn Valley of Songlin not only witnessed the era of competing with each other, but also left an indelible time in the heyday of Confucianism and became an important pole of Chinese civilization. The brilliant light it radiates illuminates the historical track of China, and the figure of Confucian sages has also become the mountain we are pursuing today.