The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and wonderful music.
Musical description in ancient poetry
The development of poetry has gone through the process from oral creation to written creation. The original poetry was sung orally, and later Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuanqu were closely related to music. Poetry itself is the combination of poetry and song. Good poetry often gives people a harmonious aesthetic feeling with its sonorous rhythm and beautiful rhythm. The poetic description of music is that there is joy in poetry and poetry in music, and the two blend together, making people feel as if they were in the scene. Looking through several ancient poems describing music, I found that these works often use the following techniques when describing music.
Use a voice metaphor. This is the most common description technique, let's call it "onomatopoeia". It is to use some sounds that we often hear in our lives to compare music concretely and vividly. Bai Juyi's Pipa is a classic work describing music, in which the author uses a lot of metaphors to describe the complexity and diversity of pipa sound. For example, "the big strings hum like rain, and the small strings whisper like secrets." Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade ... A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. " Here, the author vividly depicts the sound of the piano as heavy and long as a sudden rain, as fine as a whisper, as round and melodious as a jade plate, as smooth as an oriole, as magnificent as a silver vase and as crisp as a tear. Imagine how poetry could bring us such swaying beauty without these colorful metaphors.
Another example is Li Bai's "Listening to the Zen Master of Shu County Playing the Piano", "The hair is on the verge, and all the valleys are relieved". The poet compared "one" to "10,000", describing the moment when the monks in Shu started to play, which brought a huge sound. A small piano, just by fingering, is like a thousand valleys singing and choppy, which can't help but make people marvel at the superb playing skills of Shu monks.
Later, Ouyang Xiu also used many sentences with sound metaphors in his Ode to Autumn Sound: "At first, it dripped with Xiao Sa, and suddenly, it rushed over, with a bang, like a night fright of a stormy sea and a sudden storm. As soon as it touches something, it jingles, and gold and iron ring, just like a soldier walking in front of the enemy and rushing over with a medal, but he can't hear the command, only the sound of people walking. "
Metaphor sound has a form. People's various senses are interrelated, and auditory sounds can be transformed into visual images, even olfactory smells. We call it synaesthesia. In ancient poetry, the form of vision is often used as a metaphor for the sound heard by hearing. Through the association from sound to form, the music sound is more textured and can accurately and vividly express the characteristics of music.
In the poem "Listening to the Clever Master Playing the Piano", Han Yu has a poem "Clouds and catkins have no roots, and and heaven remains our neighbourhood is far away with the wind". "Clouds and Catkins" is silent and seems to have nothing to do with music, but it has no roots and no threads and floats freely in the vast world. The poet compares this morphological feature to the freedom of piano sound. The poem also describes the sudden change of music from high to low with the poem "I can't climb the limit, but it has fallen sharply". The distance between "quantity" and "thousands of feet" also belongs to the visual range and has nothing to do with hearing. But poets are used to describe the change of sound. It seems that we climbed to the peak with the sound and then suddenly fell with the sound. In this way, the cadence of the piano is materialized, and the hearing and vision are communicated, so that readers can imagine and feel immersive. Zhang Hu, a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, wrote a musical quatrain "Listen to the flute player on bamboo slips": "A fine reed monk cares about the heavy night, and even more birds and apes send hate songs. Blowing to the ear, a little broken blue cloud heart. " The weak and sad sound of the reed pipe came from a distance, reached the ears, became thinner and thinner, and finally disappeared, as if it were a "broken line", and the poet's "blue cloud heart" was completely abandoned. Here, the auditory feeling of sound from subtlety to disappearance is compared to a visible "broken line", which is novel and unique.
This technique of turning the invisible into the tangible reminds us of a scene in Liu E's novel The Travels of Lao Can, which is about a lake dweller listening to a book. First, I wrote the black girl's singing "Like a new warbler coming out of the valley and a milk swallow returning to the nest", and then I wrote Wang Xiaoyu: "I sang more than ten sentences and gradually sang higher and higher. Suddenly I pulled out a top and threw it into the sky like a tightrope. I couldn't help secretly exclaiming. Knowing that you are in that extremely high place, you can still turn around; After several times, it went up a layer, three or four times in succession, one after another. As if from the top of the pride to the west, climbing mount tai ... "
(A beautiful passage about music, taken from Lao Can's Travel Notes)
In all the excitement, I saw another girl in the background, about eighteen or nineteen years old, wearing the same clothes as the previous one. She has an oval face and a white face, but her appearance is just a middleman. She only felt beautiful but not flattering, cold, came out with her head half down, stood behind half a table and simply said a few words about pear flowers. It's strange that he only has two hard pieces of iron in his hand. Then he tapped the drum hammer twice, and Fang looked up at the audience. Those eyes, such as autumn water, such as cold stars, such as orbs, such as white mercury, contain two black mercury. I looked around, and even people sitting in the distant corner felt that Wang Xiaoyu saw me; The one sitting very close, not to mention. At this sight, the whole garden was quiet, much quieter than when the emperor came out, and even a needle could be heard falling to the ground!
Wang Xiaoyu opened his lips, bared his teeth and sang a few words. At first, the sound was not very loud, but I felt an indescribable wonder: in my internal organs, it was like a piece of iron, everywhere; Thirty-six thousand pores are like eating ginseng fruit, and no pore is not carefree. After singing a dozen words, I gradually sang higher and higher, and suddenly pulled out a gyro, like a steel rope thrown into the sky, and could not help secretly exclaiming. Knowing that you are in that extremely high place, you can still turn around. After several times, it went up a layer, three or four times in succession, one after another. This is like climbing Mount Tai from the west of Ole Peak: at first glance, Ole Peak is the same, thinking it is at the top of Datong; When I turned to the top of Zuolai Mountain, I saw Fan Cliff on the top of Zuolai Mountain. When I turned to Fanya, I found that the worse the door was on Fanya: the more dangerous, the more dangerous it was. After Wang Xiaoyu sang to a very high level, he suddenly fell down, tried his best, and showed a thousand times spirit, like a flying snake hovering in the middle of the 36 peaks of Huangshan Mountain. In an instant, the number of laps is repeated. From then on, the singing became lower and thinner, and the voice gradually disappeared. Everyone in the garden held their breath and dared not move less. About two or three minutes, it seems that there is a sound coming from underground. After that, it suddenly rose again, like fireworks in the east, a marble rose into the sky and turned into thousands of colorful flames, scattered vertically and horizontally. This sound flies, that is, there are infinite sounds to be concurrent. People who play Black Boy use their fingers, big and small, which are in harmony with his voice, such as the spring dawn in the flower dock and the sound of good birds. My ears are too busy to know what to listen to. Is stirring, suddenly listen to Huo Ran, all the strings are silent. At this time, the audience cheered and thundered. )
Judge the sound according to the context. Poetry describes music, often through the description of the surrounding scenery to set off the beauty of tunes and the superb skills of performers. Li Qi, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, wrote a Qin Song: "On the night when the bright moon shines on Baicheng, crows fly, and the frost is full of clothes", the pianist plays "Lushui" first, and then "Chu Fei". "Once played, there is no sound, and there are spells on the banquet, and the stars are getting thinner." With the sound of the piano, everything was silent, the blackbirds stopped flying, the trees stopped ringing and even the stars hid. Here, the author does not directly describe how beautiful the sound of the piano is, but sets it off by describing the scene. You see, everything in the world, even the stars in the sky, is fascinated, not to mention people.
Gao Shi also has a beautiful sentence of "Qing Ge Yi Shuang" in "Listening to Zhang Nvci". It's hard to imagine what "Song Qing" looks like, but "the moon is like frost" can be seen by everyone. Seeing the frost-white moonlight, I felt the clear and cool charm of "Qingge". In Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, "The boat in the east is quiet, and the boat in the west is quiet, only the autumn moon in the heart of the river is seen", and the artistic effect of "silence is better than sound" is achieved through environmental description.
To perceive the contrast sound. In addition to describing the performer's skills, you can also write the audience's reflections and feelings, and set them off by the side to achieve the effect of seeing the moon. Let's first read Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "Whose flute flies secretly? Spring breeze scattered in Los Angeles. In this serenade, I heard the willows, and no one can stand the nostalgia. " In the poem, the sadness and tactfulness of the flute is not directly written, but the music is written through the audience's reflection and emotional changes: Who can not miss his hometown without listening to the "broken willow" Yu Di sneaking in?
Wang Biao, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, also used this technique in "Cheng De Le": "Zhao Nvchun painted the first floor, and autumn filled the city. Singing folk songs for no reason does not make people cry. " Zhao's daughter painted buildings in spring, but what the audience felt from her voice was "autumn in the city". A song makes people feel full of autumn. You can imagine the sadness and emotion. I don't know why her song "Guan" is about garrison, which makes those who have never experienced garrison life cry, let alone those who have lived in the frontier. There is no direct singing here, but the sad voice, such as ringing in the ear, makes people boo.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the people who listened covered their faces. But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. "Isn't it the same?
Listen to the monk king of Shu playing the piano
The sea embraces the land-melodious songs come from the distant Emei Mountain.
When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will.
The sound of the bell rang, and it turned into a frosty bell. My heart was quiet, as if it had been washed with water.
Unconsciously, dusk enveloped the castle peak, and the autumn clouds were bleak, covering the dusk sky.
Precautions:
1,: Qin name. Jin Fuxuan's Preface: "Sima Xiangru has green leaves." So they are Shu people and the players are Shu people.
Monk, so cut it in green.
2. One: auxiliary words to strengthen the mood.
3, waving: refers to playing the piano.
4. Running water: According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, you can hear the melody of the piano, but he aimed at the mountain, and he aimed at the mountain.
Running water, Boya is a bosom friend. See Liezi Tang Wen. This sentence means that the guest's feelings have been heard.
"High mountains and flowing water" means one of washing.
5, frost bell: refers to the bell, "Shan Hai Jing": Fengshan "There are nine tricks, that is, knowing frost." Guo Pu's Note: "The first frost is
The bell rang, so I knew what I was going to say. "Frost bell: reverberation is connected with the bell, which also refers to the bosom friend.
Rhyme translation:
Sichuan monks play the famous piano, Qing Qi,
He is from Mount Emei in Bashu.
He waved and played a famous song for me.
I seem to hear the mighty wind and waves.
Mountains and rivers wash away feelings,
The lingering sound melts the autumn frost bell.
Unconsciously, the castle peak was shrouded in dusk.
Autumn seems to be a few degrees lighter!
This poem is about listening to a monk playing the piano in Sichuan, and writing the piano is extremely fascinating. In the first two sentences, write that he comes from his hometown.
Chuan, express your admiration for him. Compared with the endless sound of pines in nature, Zhuan Xu writes the piano, which makes people feel that the sound of the piano is not good.
Truck. The sound of the piano written by the neck couplet cleanses the soul and makes people feel relaxed and happy, with endless aftertaste. The couplet was written attentively, listening to the piano, but I didn't know.
Time is running out, and playing the piano in the background is very attractive. The whole poem is in one go, flowing, lively and smooth.
On a spring night, I smell the flute in Los Angeles.
Lipper
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
In this serenade, I heard the breaking sound of willow trees. No one can miss home!
Los Angeles is now Luoyang, Henan. It was a very prosperous city in the Tang Dynasty and was called the East Capital. On a spring night, the lights of thousands of households gradually went out, and the noise of the day had long been calm. Suddenly there was a loud flute, and sad and euphemistic tunes flew over Los Angeles with the spring breeze. At this time, a poet who is far away from home is still asleep. He stood by the window, staring at the bright moon like a "white jade plate" alone, listening to the distant flute, lost in thought. The flute plays a song "Folding Willow", which belongs to the ancient music of Han Yuefu and expresses the pain of parting. In ancient times, when parting, willow branches were often broken off from the roadside to send; Willow, willow is just to express their reluctance. On such a spring night, listening to such a song full of parting feelings, who can not miss homesickness? Therefore, the poet couldn't help singing this four-line poem.
This poem closely follows the word "smell" throughout, expressing his feeling of smelling the flute. I don't know whose this flute belongs to, but the piper who has never appeared is just bragging and listening, and he is not going to let others know about him, but he unexpectedly touched many listeners. This is the meaning of the word "dark" in Whose Jade Emperor flies secretly. "Scattered in the spring breeze in Los Angeles" is an artistic exaggeration. In the poet's imagination, this beautiful flute flew all over Los Angeles, as if the whole city had heard it. The poet's exaggeration is not without life basis. The flute is originally a high note. When it is quiet, with the help of the spring breeze, it is not an exaggeration to say that it flies all over Los Angeles.
The flute came, and I didn't know what it was at first sight. After listening carefully for a while, I realized that it was a broken willow. That's why I wrote the third sentence saying, "I heard the willow break in this serenade." The rhetoric of this sentence is very particular, not listening to a broken willow song, but saying that I heard a broken willow in music. The word "folding willow" refers not only to the title of the song, but also to the title of the song. Folding willow represents a custom, a scene and an emotion, and folding willow is almost synonymous with parting. It can evoke a series of concrete memories and reawaken people's homesickness. "Who can't stand homesickness" seems to refer to others and everyone, but isn't it Li Bai himself who is homesick first?
Loving one's hometown is a noble emotion, which is interlinked with patriotism. I was born in Sri Lanka and grew up in my hometown. As a member of the motherland, her image is particularly unforgettable. Li Bai's poem is about smelling the flute, but its significance is not limited to describing music, but also expresses his yearning for his hometown, which is its touching place.
Appreciate listening to the clever teacher playing the piano.
Tang hanyu
Just like a pair of close children whispering, I had a dark conversation with two beautiful friends, the secretary.
Like the wind, who is singing the flag? A soldier likes to fight the king with his sword.
Clouds and catkins have no roots, and the world is wide and far away.
There were hundreds of birds, and suddenly I saw a lonely phoenix.
The cliffs pressed people to climb, and the dark valley collapsed under the thunderous sound of collapse.
I am ashamed that I have a pair of ears and a pair of music. I am too ignorant to appreciate music.
Listening to your music, the piano suddenly rose, making people sit down low.
In the panic, I reached out to block my chin, and tears had already poured into my eyes.
Smart and sincere, there is no ice charcoal for my intestines.
Pipa Hang (Bai Juyi)
Xun (xún) saw off his guests in Yangjiang at the first night, and the maple leaves (dí) rustled in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
Every string is a meditation, and every note is a deep reflection, as if telling us the pain of her life.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushed the strings, twisted them slowly, swept them and plucked them. After "nícháng", it was originally Liu Yao.
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Sometimes (jiàn) Guan Ying's language is slippery at the bottom of the flower, but it's hard for you to swallow the spring water flowing under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop.
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital, who lived in the tomb of Rana (Hama).
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers.
There are countless pieces of red gauze (xiāo) about how the aristocratic youths in Wuling once squandered their money.
The silver fireplace was broken and the color of blood was stained by wine.
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me start to sigh and smell the heavy chóng of the language.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
On the autumn night of the Chunjiang Flower Dynasty (zhāo), I used to pick up the wine and drink it all by myself.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village. Oh, dumb teasing (not uy ā zhā ozh ā) is very ugly.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, chóng was full of tears.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.