Roof forms include hanging mountain, temple, resting mountain and flat roof; From the perspective of building materials, there are straw houses covered with mud and grass, Mu Zi houses built with wood, brick-wood tile houses and so on. However, no matter what kind of houses are painted with the white ash wood that Koreans like best, and the tiles in the tile house are particularly large. There are two kinds of indoor structures: single row and double row. The arrangement of rooms in single row structure is like the word "moon", with only horizontal spacing between rooms and no vertical partition. The double-row structure is also called double bobbin, and the rooms are arranged in a "forever" shape, with both transverse and vertical partitions between the rooms. No matter single row or double row structure, many rooms will be divided. The reason why Koreans are deeply influenced by the concept of "gender difference" in history. When children grow up, men and women are separated.
No matter what type of traditional Korean houses are, as long as you walk into the house, the first feeling is that there is a big kang. Kang is the main indoor activity space for Koreans. The kang has a large heat dissipation area, which makes the room particularly warm in winter. The stove kang is characterized by sinking into the ground, the bottom is lower than the ground, and there is a cover plate on it. The cover plate, the pot table and the kang surface form a plane. This kind of pit is not only good in combustion and heat preservation, but also economical and sanitary. In daily life, the villagers here all wear their own national costumes.
Korean men love to wear knickerbockers, and most of them are white. Baki and Guke are two of them. "Baki" and "Guke" refer to the traditional Korean clothes "pants" and "vest". "Bucky" has big crotch legs, which are easy to wear on the ground. It is suitable for its habit of sitting cross-legged. The trouser legs are tied with ribbons to keep out the cold. Then there is "Guke", which is usually worn outside the coat of "Zegaoli", with satin on the surface and fur or cloth inside. It has three pockets and five buttons, which makes it look special. In the morning of adulthood, a man's coat is very short, with a diagonal placket, wide sleeves, a right slit and no buttons. Ribbons are nailed to both sides of the front door placket and tied above the right door placket when dressing.
They also like coats in black or other colors, and the "back jacket" with buttons is the vest. Some also wear Taoist robes or Korean robes. Taoist robes used to be the uniforms of literati and Confucian scholars, and later became the dresses for men to go out. Robes can be worn as coats and can be divided into singles, clips and cotton. Wear a short coat or cotton wool coat in winter and bloomers in winter. This kind of trousers has a long and wide waist and large crotch and legs, so it is convenient to sit cross-legged on the kang. When wearing, the front part of the waistband is folded and tied with a belt, and the lower opening of the trouser leg is tied with a cloth belt.
Women's clothing is generally white, divided into "Zegaoli" and long skirt, which is the most traditional clothing in Korea. "Zegaoli" is the favorite shirt of Korean people. No buttons, tied with cloth. Women's sleeves, skirts and armpits are inlaid with colored satin edges, which are chic, beautiful and generous. Long skirt is the main dress of Korean women, which has long folds and can be divided into wrap skirt, tube skirt, long skirt, short skirt and apron.
Young women and girls like to wear vest-style pleated skirts and short skirts that are longer than their knees, which is convenient for work. With the development of textile industry, the colors of materials worn by women are more colorful. Only the traditional national style of short skirt and long skirt remains unchanged for a long time, because it conforms to the aesthetic psychology of Korean women and fully embodies their virtues of gentleness, kindness, diligence and simplicity.
Middle-aged and elderly women wear wrapped skirts and long skirts, and cotton-padded vests in winter. Wrapped skirt is a kind of seamless skirt material, which consists of skirt waist, skirt hem and skirt band. Narrow on the top and wide on the bottom, the skirt is full and wide, and there are many fine pleats on the upper end of the skirt. The nepotism is hidden on both sides of the skirt waist and tied on the right waist side after being wrapped around the waist. Because this kind of skirt is very long, in order not to mop the floor when wearing it, one end of the skirt is usually lifted from the right and stuffed into lace. When wearing this skirt, you must wear a plain white petticoat underneath.
Korean children wear colorful tops, which are as bright as rainbows, making them more clever and lovely. Koreans always think that the rainbow is a symbol of light and beauty, so they like to make clothes for their children with seven-color silks and satins, in order to make them beautiful and happy.
Boat shoes are unique to Koreans. Shoes look like a boat, with slightly upturned toe and made of artificial leather or rubber, which is soft and comfortable. Men's shoes are generally black, while women's shoes are mostly white, sky blue and green. In addition, there is a colorful top in Korean clothing, which is made of colored satin, symbolizing happiness and light. It is usually worn at parties and festivals. The villagers' food here retains the cultural characteristics of Korean food.
Koreans are famous for their love of peppers, mainly kimchi. There are even hundreds of kinds of pickles: spicy cabbage, cherry, bracken, platycodon grandiflorum and so on. Korean miso soup, an essential soup. There are many kinds of sauces, among which sauces are divided into rotten bean sauce, sister sauce, new year's sauce, Chili sauce and so on. Soups can be divided into stone pot soup, casserole soup, bodybuilding soup and nourishing soup. There are: beef soup, seaweed soup, etc. There are glutinous rice cakes, cold noodles, rice sausage, laver rice, potato cakes, potato jiaozi, tofu and so on, all of which have strong national characteristics.
1. Kimchi, also known as spicy cabbage, or "Kimchi" in Korean, is the most distinctive one in Korean diet. Pickles can be cooked all year round. Choose fresh vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish and cucumber, ferment them with salt water, then add spices such as pepper, ginger, white garlic and rape, and you can eat them in a few days.
2. Caking-Caking is made by steaming and pulping glutinous rice. When eating, cut into pieces and dip in bean powder, sugar or honey. And it tastes strong and delicious. Traditionally, Koreans regard making cakes as the first-class delicacy. They always make cakes on New Year's Day or wedding day and when they receive distinguished guests.
3. Rice sausage-Rice sausage is called "bamboo shoots" and is a favorite food of Koreans. The method is to mix steamed rice or glutinous rice with fresh pig blood or egg white and various spices while it is hot, then pour it into the cleaned pig large intestine, seal it and steam it.
4. Cold noodles-Yanbian Koreans like to eat cold noodles, especially in hot summer. The main ingredients of cold noodles are white flour, buckwheat flour and starch. When cooking noodles, first press the mixed noodles into the pot, take them out after cooking, and cool them with cold water. Then add beef soup or chicken soup, and add pickles, peppers, beef slices, chicken balls, apple slices, eggs and other seasonings to serve. Koreans pay attention to etiquette, which is their fine national tradition and has been well preserved here.
Since ancient times, Koreans have regarded respecting the elderly as an extremely important etiquette and moral norm in family and even the whole social life. Holding a grand birthday party on the 60th birthday of the elderly fully embodies this traditional virtue.
People must use honorifics when speaking to their elders. If they are not relatives and friends, they will also use honorifics among their peers. Under normal circumstances, according to different ages, the younger generation should introduce themselves to the elders first. At this time, they should bend their knees on one leg, put their hands in front of their knees and lean forward slightly to show humility. When walking, young people follow their elders and must follow them; When you meet your elders, you must let them go first. When you eat at home, you must set a table for the old man alone. When the old man starts to eat, the family can eat.
If there are guests at home, let them use chopsticks first. The host can't put down the chopsticks before the guests finish eating, and the guests can't finish all the rice in the bowl. They must leave some, or they will be considered rude. There are still many rules on the dining table. Spoons and rice soup have fixed positions. For example, the spoon should be placed on the right side of the diner, the rice should be placed on the left side of the table, the soup bowl should be placed on the right side, the dishes with soup should be placed next to it, the dishes without soup should be placed second, and the seasoning should be placed in the middle. Father and son can't sit at the same table when drinking. Young people sit at the same table as old people. They must be full, and smoking is not allowed in the banquet room. This beauty has been passed down to this day. Korean traditional wedding etiquette is the most concentrated embodiment of national culture, and this traditional custom still remains here today.
Young men and women in Korea need a matchmaker to communicate with the man's family after they come into contact and have love. First of all, the man's family should let the matchmaker go to the woman's house to "accept it when it is good", which is similar to the "blind date" of the Han nationality. If satisfied, the boy will formally propose to the girl. If the woman agrees, the man's family will give her the "four pillars". "Four pillars" means writing the man's name and stars on a piece of paper (when he was born), and then the woman "vaults" with the girl's four pillars. The so-called "treasury" refers to whether the male and female zodiac signs are consistent but not consistent. If the zodiac signs of two people coincide, the woman will inform the man's family through the matchmaker that their "coffers" are opposite, and the man can "choose a date" to determine the wedding date and send a bride price to the woman's family, usually "green satin" and "red satin".
The traditional wedding is held at the bride's house. The groom and his party came to the bride's house with a wooden goose wrapped in a red scarf in their hands. The bride picked up the goose in a wooden basin and then let the groom into the guest room. The groom puts on a gauze hat and ties a crown belt here. The bride, wearing a "cluster head" and a "Han shirt", walked into the firewood ceremony hall and held a wedding. After the ceremony, the groom began to "enjoy the big table", that is, enjoy delicious food, which was given by the guests of the bride's family and her own family. After the firewood ceremony, the two sides officially became husband and wife, and the man took them home. Koreans advocate etiquette and pay attention to festivals.
Every New Year's Day and festive day here, there will be a grand banquet. At that time, a cooked cock will be put on the table first, and a red pepper will be in the cock's mouth. The traditional dishes of the banquet are not only various, but also exquisite and gorgeous, and many foods should be made into birds and animals.
The festivals of the Korean people are basically the same as those of the Han people, but with different names and contents: the festivals include New Year's Day (Spring Festival), Shangyuan (Lantern Festival), Shangjia (March 3rd of the lunar calendar), Cold Food (Tomb-Sweeping Day), Lantern Festival (April 8th of the lunar calendar) and Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th of the lunar calendar). Among them, Yuanri, Shangyuan, Cold Food Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Qiuxi are the main festivals. Korean people take New Year's Day as the New Year, which is more grand than Han people. In addition, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival are festivals for Koreans to pay homage to their ancestors. In these two festivals, families should prepare sacrifices to go up the mountain to pay homage to their ancestors and remember their achievements.
In addition, Koreans have three family festivals, namely, the first anniversary of the baby's birth, Jiahui Festival (60th birthday) and Wedding Festival. Wedding Festival, also known as Wedding Festival, is the 60th anniversary of marriage. On this day, children, relatives and friends, and neighbors all express their blessings to the elderly. The wedding festival is more lively than the wedding. Among all the ceremonial banquets, the "Huahua" banquet to congratulate the elderly on their 60th birthday is the most exquisite and grand. Korean people have beautiful music and dance, and everyone here can sing and dance, especially at festivals or weddings.
Folk dances include farmhouse dance, long drum dance, fan dance, top water dance and sword dance. Agricultural music dance evolved from the ancient dance to celebrate the harvest of hunting, in which the man shook his head vigorously, making the 3-meter-long elephant tail on the top of the elephant hat fly around, which was even more unique and full of vitality. Another feature of Koreans is that they consciously educate their children about aesthetics and art from an early age. So many children can play tambourine, tambourine, Gayeqin, accordion and other musical instruments. Korean songs are beautiful, natural and fluent, full of strong appeal and expressiveness. "
Korean songs and dances are extensive and unique. The so-called extensiveness means that Koreans can improvise not only during festivals, but also in their spare time and rest time. And jumped up, regardless of men, women and children, everyone played. The so-called unique, that is to say, Korean dance is unique, and it is a wonderful flower in China national dance.
Korean is a sports-loving nation. Football, wrestling, skating, swing, springboard, race walking and other activities have a very broad mass. In addition, there are some competitions and recreational activities specially attended by women, such as swings, springboard, walking in a jar, etc.