Yi nationality is one of the ethnic groups with a long history and ancient culture in China, with different names, such as Sunuo, Nasu, Wu Luo, Misapo, Sani and Axi. Mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and the northwest of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Yi people have a long history and rich culture. In ancient times, they made a profound study of calendars and religious beliefs, formed their own diet and clothing culture in the course of perennial development, and developed the economy. The Yi nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, and the Yi, Hani, Lisu and Lahu nationalities all originated from the ancient Yi nationality. Up to now, there are different opinions on the ethnic origin of the Yi people, which has become a historical mystery that people pay attention to and a major problem in the field of ethnology and Yi studies. Up to now, the ethnic origin of the Yi people is mainly the aboriginal theory and the Qiang border theory. The arguments put forward by the aborigines are quite sufficient. It can be divided into two kinds: southwest nativism and Yunnan nativism. According to the theory of southwest aborigines, the Yi people have lived in the southwest of the motherland since ancient times, and after different stages of human development, they have become the Yi people today. This claim is based not only on China literature, but also on ancient Yi literature, myths and legends. According to the theory of Yunnan aborigines, Yunnan is the origin of Yi people. Qiang Di, a Yi girl, said that the ancient Qiang people who lived in Hehuang area in northwest China six or seven thousand years ago began to develop in all directions, and one of them swam to the southwest of the motherland. The early southern branch of the ancient Qiang people merged with the local indigenous tribes, and later Qiongfan in Xichang and Fan Dian in Yunnan were the ancestors of the Yi people. Three thousand years ago, Yi people were widely distributed in the southwest of China, that is, the so-called tribes such as Song Yueyi, Wu Yi, Kun Ming, Lao Jin, Momo, Zuo and Pu, which often appeared in history books. The Han Dynasty called it "Southwest Yi". Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have been two kinds of barbarians in the areas of Yi ancestors, and they have merged with other ethnic groups. During the long-term formation and development of Yi ancestors, their activities once spread all over the central areas of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and a part of Guangxi, and their core areas should be the vast areas adjacent to the three provinces. An important feature in the history of the Yi people is the long-term maintenance of the slave possession system. Around the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, there was a split between nomadic tribes and settled agricultural tribes in Yi ancestors' society. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a group of ancestors of the Yi nationality were constantly divided, which indicated that the Kunming tribe had basically completed the transition from primitive tribe to slave ownership on the basis of conquering ordinary tribes. In the 1930s, Zhao Tong of Mengshe established the Six Zhao Dynasties, and the ancestors of Yunnan Yi people joined forces with the upper classes of all ethnic groups to establish the Nanzhao slavery regime. The ruling center is in Dali, western Yunnan, and the ruling scope reaches eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and southern Sichuan, basically controlling the main distribution areas of Yi ancestors. Nanzhao slavery dynasty once ruled the Yi ancestors' areas for a long time, which had a far-reaching impact on the existence and development of local slavery. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (902), the collapse of Nanzhao slavery dynasty meant the demise of slavery in the areas of Yi ancestors. For more than 300 years in Song Dynasty, Yi ancestors in Rong (Yibin), Lu (Hanyuan) and Li (Hanyuan) were in the struggle between Song Dynasty and Dali regime, and the slave economy was relatively prosperous. In line with this, the slave production relations appeared the situation that big tribes enslaved small tribes. In the third year of Mongolia, Mongolia and Mongolia Khan (1253), Mongolian cavalry attacked Yunnan in three routes from Sichuan, passing through the Yi region, which led to the formation of a loose anti-Mongolian alliance in the divided Yi region and began to be unified under the name of Luoluo people. Accordingly, Mongolian aristocrats intensified their struggle for the local Yi people and developed into a chieftain system in some frontier ethnic areas, in which the hereditary positions of leaders of all ethnic groups were enfeoffed to rule the local people. From 1263 to 1287, the Yi Tusi were established in Yuexi, Xichang, Pingshan, Dafang, Zhaotong and Weining. Culture and art Yi people can sing and dance well. Yi people have various traditional tunes, such as climbing mountains, entering doors, welcoming guests, eating wine, getting married and mourning. Some tunes have fixed words, some don't, and they are all improvisations. Folk songs are divided into male and female voices, and local folk songs have their own unique styles. Yi musical instruments include Hulusheng, Mabu, Bawu, Kouxian, Yueqin, flute, Sanxian, chime, bronze drum and Daping drum. Yi dance also has its own characteristics, which can be divided into two types: group dance and solo dance, and most of them are group dances, such as "dancing songs", "dancing music", "dancing on the moon", "singing and dancing" and "pot dance". Cheerful movements and strong sense of rhythm are usually accompanied by flute, Qin Yue and Sanxian. Yi people: Liangshan, a nation capable of singing and dancing, is the hometown of singing and dancing, and Yi people are a nation capable of singing and dancing. Liangshan Yi people's music is simple in style and varied, with distinctive and rich national characteristics. Folk songs in folk music are closely related to folk literature, and there are many popular lyric poems, such as Amonilag, Ayi Ajia, Ajia Niu and Axi Niu Niu. They are all sung in the form of songs. In addition to narrative songs, there are songs sung at marriage, such as Hitting People, songs sung during Torch Festival, such as Living Alone, and songs sung at work, such as Plowing the Fields and Pastoral. In addition, there are folk songs, such as Butuo Goldman Sachs folk songs and children's songs. The style of Yi folk songs varies from region to region. The folk songs in the south of Liangshan are loud and exciting, the folk songs in the central and western regions are soft and beautiful, and the folk songs in the eastern Enoch region are simple and simple. In the past, Yi folk songs generally gave people a feeling of depression, but their simple and beautiful national and regional charm was very distinct. Folk instrumental music is not for accompaniment, but for independent development and its own system. Remarkably, it shows a huge historical time and space span. Common ones are Kouxian, Qin Yue, Mabu, Hulusheng, Huqin, Xiao Yi, Jiandi and Suona. In addition, playing wood leaves, that is, playing music with a leaf, is also a popular folk music of the Yi people. Kouxian and Qin Yue are very common. Almost all women, old and young, have a pair of Kouxian hanging in front of their lapels and can play at any time. Kouxian is a unique and simple musical instrument, which consists of several thin reeds about seven or eight centimeters long. There are two kinds of bamboo and copper, at least two kinds and at most five or six kinds. The timbre of bamboo is deep and deep. The timbre of copper is crisp and beautiful. When playing, move the porn with your fingers and change the timbre with the voice of your mouth. In addition to the local sound, the reed also emits a very beautiful overtone, which constitutes the broad tone of music. Yueqin is mostly loved by young and middle-aged men, among whom there are many excellent folk Yueqin performers. In 1950s, Masha Wuzhi, a Yi girl from Liangshan, played the yueqin at the World Youth Student Festival in Moscow, which was warmly praised. Folk dances of Liangshan Yi people are often inseparable from singing and instrumental music. Folk dances, such as Zi Qiao Dance, Bao Gu Dance, Weaving Felt Dance, etc. , are produced in productive labor, mostly simulating labor movement, showing the production process. The other is the common dances at festivals or weddings, such as Pot Field Dance, Fire Dance, Opposite Foot Dance, Felt Dance and Reed Dance. Some people show diligence in agriculture and animal husbandry. The joy of harvest, some show the courage to fight and the pursuit of love. Yi folk music has three color zones: Liangshan in Sichuan and Liangshan in Ninglang, Yunnan, south-central and northern Yunnan, Liupanshan and Bijie in Guizhou. The folk songs of Liangshan Yi people are called "Ya" or "Ya He", which are sung in falsetto or in a low voice alone, and the modes often alternate or wander. Because the local productivity is low and the people's life is very poor, there are many folk songs of "Sa Zhuhe" (complaining songs) to talk about their miserable life and yearning for freedom. In addition, the narrative songs of Liangshan Yi people, the "wedding songs" in the wedding ceremony and the "ancient Zhu He" (love songs) with "Aranniu" as the unique first sentence are also very representative. Among them, Amauri Ri, which means "Mother's Daughter", and the historical epic Le Aoteyi are also masterpieces in Yi folk literature. The Yi branch in Yunnan is very complicated, and their music has its own characteristics. The "four-cavity" (seaweed cavity, yam cavity, Wushan cavity and four-cavity) circulating in Honghe area is a large-scale multi-segment divertimento deeply loved by local people, and most of them are sung by men and women in communication activities such as "eating fire and smoking". Its lyrics are written in Chinese, which is very long, complicated in structure and diverse in singing forms, which is also very rare in China folk songs. Among them, Haicaiqiang, which has a long history, beautiful melody and unique singing style, enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, and was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage protection object in 2006. Guizhou Yi folk songs have various forms and rich regional characteristics. According to the classification concept of big and small, folk songs are often divided into two categories: those sung on the mountain and those sung at home. The former mainly includes "Qugu", which is duet or solo in a song meeting according to a certain procedure, and "Tucha", which sings Yi songs in Chinese. The latter includes "Curse", "Rub Fruit" and "Lu Guopu" sung by bridesmaids in all aspects of the wedding. Yi people are good at singing and dancing, including singing and dancing and music and dance accompanied by musical instruments. The most famous of the former, such as "Playing Song" and "Footing", have distinct rhythm and bright timbre; The latter has its own characteristics because of the different accompaniment instruments, such as "jumping music" and "cigarette box dance". /kloc-Since the 1950s, there have been rap "Jia Su" and "Four-string Playing Singing" developed from narrative songs, and Yi drama derived from folk songs, dance music and instrumental music. These new art forms have greatly enriched the musical life of the Yi people and made the traditional music of the Yi people glow with new brilliance. The flower of Liangshan song and dance, which originated from Yi folk art, not only shines on the stage at home and abroad, but also blooms everywhere in modern life. Today, in Liangshan urban and rural areas, men, women and children can often be seen holding hands, stepping on the rhythm of national flavor and dancing happily. Dazuo is a transliteration of Yi language, which means stepping or pedaling. It is a group dance based on the traditional songs and dances of the Yi people. The movements are concise and lively, the music is melodious and smooth, the local flavor is strong, and the times are strong. Once formed in the 1980s, it quickly spread to the whole state, and with the wave of ethnic ballroom dancing in southwest China, it was quickly introduced to states and provinces. At the 94 Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival, guests from home and abroad joined hands with Yi compatriots and danced around piles of green bonfires. The scene was warm and spectacular, and the atmosphere was cordial and touching. The national music of Yi people includes songs and musical instruments. Yi people's songs include: historical poems, love songs, happy songs and folk songs-among them, there are many tunes such as happy wine songs, soul songs, ghost songs and witchcraft tunes; In terms of names, the songs are Russian, Elegant, Left Wing and Ge. "Russia" means singing, which can be sung on various occasions, and the atmosphere is more relaxed and casual; "Ya" is a solo folk song, and the singers are generally young men and women, mostly touching scenes; Left is a kind of wedding song. On the wedding night, two singers from both the host and the guest sang and danced. "Song" is a kind of chorus song sung in mourning for the dead or ancestor worship activities. One lead singer learns to sing, and the lyrics are improvised by the lead singer. "Bi" refers to the songs that Bimo of Yi people sang in religious activities, which we call religious music to distinguish it from "Russia". Music includes song and dance music, oral string music and leaf blowing music, among which there are many tunes. In addition, there are many kinds of musical instruments: Yueqin is one of the favorite musical instruments of Yi people, which is generally two strings and has strong artistic expression; The oral string is a bamboo leaf-shaped reed made of bamboo and copper, with a reed tongue in the middle, and the timbre is adjusted by controlling breathing; Mabu is one of the unique musical instruments of Yi people. Its performance is characterized by inhaling through the nostrils and letting the drums and cheeks breathe continuously, which can imitate the crying of babies and the singing of birds. Hulusheng and suona are mostly used to play Yi folk songs and tunes.