Kaifeng, located in the North China Plain, is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Why did the Song Dynasty build its capital here, a place where there is no danger to defend?

The most direct reason is that Jiangshan in the Northern Song Dynasty closed the Zen in the Later Zhou Dynasty, and Kaifeng was the capital of the Later Zhou Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty followed the old system and continued to take Kaifeng as its capital.

Moreover, Kaifeng had become an important town in Henan at that time. Kaifeng, formerly known as Ma Pingchuan, is the node of Zhao Yan and Qilu. Later, the construction of the canal brought Kaifeng into the national waterway transportation network. Since the Tang Dynasty, China's economic center of America moved south, and Kaifeng was in the center of the national transportation network, which benefited a lot. Kaifeng has developed to the Five Dynasties, and it is already rich and numerous.

In addition, Kaifeng had already established its capital in the Five Dynasties, and Zhu Wen, Shi Jingtang and Guo Wei all established their capital here. The biggest advantages of Kaifeng in Dingzhou are transportation and economy: it is very convenient to wrestle with the princes based in Kaifeng, and Kaifeng is an amphibious city with rapid material assembly and faster social recovery after the war than the surrounding areas.

In addition, Zhao Kuangyin gradually monopolized the power in the later period of TCM network, and the core of his rule was Kaifengfu. In the Song Dynasty, when the country was founded in troubled times, it was logical to put the capital in the core city.

However, there was still no overall situation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it was impossible to move the capital. In his later years, from a military point of view, Song Taizu had realized the disadvantage of Kaifeng, but his proposal to move the capital was rejected. This may involve courtiers, geography and interests.

Zhao Guangyi is the leader against Song Taizu. In Zhao Guangyi, the Mao Dynasty advocated life, and its status was higher than that of princes. In addition, Zhao Guangyi entered the Song Dynasty from the Zhou Dynasty and operated in Kaifeng for many years. Moving the capital has a great influence on his influence. In addition, there is not much blood relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, so most bureaucrats in the later Zhou Dynasty can continue to be active in the Northern Song Dynasty, especially those who have the power to establish their own groups. Moving the capital will force most of them to leave their homes, and the local complexity and geographical factors will make them want to set the capital in Kaifeng.

During the Renzong period, the Northern Song Dynasty once again discussed whether to move the capital. Fan Zhongyan put forward that peace is Kaifeng and war is Luoyang, but he was savagely attacked by Lv Yijian. Lu and Fan were always politically hostile at that time, and the proposal to move the capital eventually led to the disaster of cronies.

After Injong, no one ever discussed the capital of the Song Dynasty. Kaifeng, as the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, is indisputable.

Finally, we can sum up the main reasons why the Song Dynasty chose Kaifeng as the capital: First, Kaifeng is located in the place where Zhao made his fortune, and taking Kaifeng as the capital can ensure the smooth transition of the political system; Secondly, Kaifeng was the most prosperous city in the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty. With its excellent logistics network, Kaifeng is able to resist disasters, with rapid economic development and good social recovery.

Third, Kaifeng's geographical pattern extending in all directions not only enables it to quickly and fully raise the materials needed to support the capital, but also enables it to quickly attack and appease the surrounding areas when emergencies occur. Besides, Kaifeng is the only big city that can meet these two conditions at the same time. Finally, at the beginning of the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, many officials operated in Kaifeng for many years, and it was difficult for the emperor to move the capital. As for later generations, it is more difficult to move the capitals to Kaifeng and Chengdu.

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