1, culture and art

Ballad is the main content of Zhuang folk cultural life. Festive festivals, weddings, funerals, welcoming guests, romance, entertainment activities, etc. , often used to express feelings and entertainment.

There are many kinds of ballads with rich and colorful contents, including ancient songs, wine songs, love songs, bitter songs, hymns, panqu songs, filial piety songs and folk songs. The metrical forms of ballads include short songs, foot-binding songs, admonitions and long narrative poems. Its rhythm is waist and foot rhyme, which is different from Chinese poetry, which is the characteristic of Zhuang poetry.

The so-called waist rhyme, whether it is five words or four sentences, is that the foot of the first sentence rhymes with the middle word of the second sentence (it can also move forward), the last word of the second sentence rhymes with the last word of the third sentence, and the last word of the third sentence rhymes with the middle word of the fourth sentence (it can also move forward). That is, "one foot puts two waists, and two or three feet puts two feet." Three feet and four waists, feet and waist rhyme. "

Folk stories, mostly with ballads, increase their vividness. This literary form of combining rap and singing is very common in the whole Zhuang area. Folk literature mainly includes myths, legends, ballads and proverbs.

Step 2 be alive

Zhuangzhai village is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with many buildings, which belong to dry-column architecture. There are two forms of building structure. The Zhuang people's houses in southeastern Guizhou are the Dong people's model, and the wooden structure is mostly four rows and three rooms. In the areas of Libo and Dushan in southern Guizhou, the housing model of Zhuang people is the same as that of Buyi and Zhuang people in northern Guangxi.

3. clothes

The Zhuang people living in southern Guizhou are basically the same as the local Buyi people. Generally, young men and women wear ordinary clothes, and some women often wear corsets with embroidery at one end, braids on their heads, or colorful headscarves to show national characteristics. Zhuang people in the border areas of southeastern Guizhou have lived together with Dong and Miao people for a long time, following local customs, and the colors of men's and women's clothing are still blue and black, which is similar to the local ethnic groups.

4. Funeral

As soon as the old man died, he spread a straw mat, parked his body by the fireplace or behind the door, and immediately went to his uncle's house to report his funeral. Please choose a time before moving to the corridor to park. Pick another time, then carry it downstairs and stop at the foot of the stairs. Then symbolically clean the body, trim the hair, put on the shroud, that is, bury it in the coffin. The whole family is vegetarian and avoids salt, and relatives and children bring white gauze of filial piety. According to the date of birth of the deceased, choose the burial time of the funeral.

5, festivals

The festival activities of Zhuang nationality are mostly combined with entertainment or religious superstition activities. Traditional festivals include the prime of life, the festival of the ox god, June 14 or July 14.

In the prime of life, most Zhuang families in Congjiang started the year in December of the lunar calendar, and the end of November was New Year's Eve. On the afternoon of New Year's Eve, each village collectively slaughtered a "social pig" raised by each household in turn every year to sacrifice to the queen of the country. According to the number of households in the village, cut the pork into several parts, string it with bamboo sticks and give it to each household. After each family cooks skewers of meat and worships their ancestors, the whole family eats * * * rice, which is called "Friendship Nine", that is, "Twenty-nine", just like the "New Year's Eve" in the twelfth lunar month in Han areas.

Except for women and men whose wives are pregnant, they can attend sacrificial ceremonies. From New Year's Eve to the third day, people are generally prohibited from entering or leaving the village, and the third day to the tenth day is a holiday entertainment period.

Bull God Festival, also known as the eighth day of April, means that Japanese people don't go out to work and cows don't leave the fields. Every family cooks black glutinous rice and feeds it to cows to show comfort and respect. June 14, anyone who starts with December of the lunar calendar must celebrate June 14, which is the second largest festival besides China New Year.

If it is just the Spring Festival, but the prime of life, July 14 is the Mid-Autumn Festival. On that day, ducks are usually killed to commemorate their ancestors, girls will return to their parents' homes for reunion, and some people will hold horse races or swing.

Extended data

Zhuang nationality, which was developed from ancient Baiyue, is the most populous nationality in China, with more than15.48 million people, including10 million people in Yunnan, mainly living in Wenshan, Honghe and Qujing.

Before 1965 unified the names of Zhuang people, there were many self-names and other names of Zhuang people, and there were more than 40 kinds in Yunnan alone, mainly including "playing tricks on people", "sand people" and "Tuliao".

Zhuang people are mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces. Guangxi has the most. 1990 population15.48 million. The use of Zhuang language belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family.

There were folk characters composed of square characters in the Southern Song Dynasty. But it is not widely used, and it is mostly used for writing place names, compiling folk songs and taking notes. 1955 created and popularized Zhuang language based on Latin letters, and 1982 made some revisions.

Zhuang nationality is an indigenous ethnic group in Lingnan with a long history. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was a branch of Baiyue, which was called Tongren and Dingding in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ming and Qing dynasties are equal to soil, and attachment is equal to sand. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was unified as "Tong". 1965, according to the initiative of and the approval of the State Council, "Tong" was changed to "Zhuang".

Limestone is widely distributed in Zhuang area, which is a world-famous karst area. Rocky Mountains have caves and underground rivers. Zhuang area has mild climate and abundant rainfall. Agriculture-oriented, planting rice, corn and potatoes.

Fruit is also very rich, and the forest area is wide, rich in Liuzhou fir, silver fir, camphor wood and other precious wood. Notoginseng, gecko and fennel oil, which are well-known at home and abroad, are well-known specialties in Zhuang areas.

More than 70% of the land in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province belongs to subtropical climate, while Zhuang people mostly live in Pingba waterfront area, with fertile land, abundant rainfall and rich products. Crops can be harvested two or three times a year, which is suitable for planting glutinous rice and other rice, so it is called "Water Margin".

Among them, the eight-treasure rice in Guangnan is particularly famous and was once a tribute. Wenshan's "Sanqi" has a long-standing reputation in the world, and Qiubei pepper, Funing octagonal and other condiments are quite famous. ?

The staple food of Zhuang people is rice, and they are good at making glutinous rice food. Five-color glutinous rice, rice sugar and roast square (big zongzi) are the most wonderful highlights of the festival. Flower rice is dyed with the juice of various colors of plants and then steamed.

There are many kinds of zongzi, and they are all very big. Generally, each one is about 1 kg, which is shaped like a pillow. People marched in the street with big zongzi and offered sacrifices to the handles. There is a kind of zongzi made of palm leaves called "horseshoe pole", which is made by dyeing glutinous rice black with plant ash and adding star anise powder and bacon.

Daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, spinach, bitter gourd, even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables.

Boiling is the most common, as well as the habit of pickling vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard, salt and chopped green onion when cooking. ?

Zhuang people love to eat any kind of animal meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chickens, ducks and geese. Zhuang people also like hunting and cooking game and insects. In some areas, they also like to eat dog meat.

Pork is also cooked in whole pieces, then cut into square pieces, and then put the seasoning back into the pot. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 70-80% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot before cooking, so as to keep the dishes delicious.

Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, which are not too high. Among them, yellow rice wine is the main drink for festivals and entertainments. Some yellow rice wines are called chicken gall and chicken offal wine, and chicken offal and pig liver wine. Drink the chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve the hangover, but also be eaten as a dish.

References:

Guizhou province ethnic and religious affairs Committee-Zhuang nationality