Pingcheng is located in the north of China, with extremely cold terrain and cold climate, which is not conducive to agricultural production. In addition, floods, droughts and epidemics continued during the Northern Wei Dynasty. For example, in October of Tianxing five years, "rinderpest occurred and hundreds of people died. Died on the side of the road that day, and the elk died. " In the first year of Cheng Ming, an epidemic occurred, and most cattle were killed and injured, which affected agricultural production. During the years of 408-4 15, 425-464 and 500-5 1 1 year, the wind, frost, rain and snow continued, and Zheng Lingzhi recorded several times of abnormal cold, such as "In October of the first year of the ancestors, several feet of snow fell"; Besides rain and snow, there is drought. "Shu Wei Shi Huo Zhi": "Show your ancestors to the throne, manage your family diligently, take the lead for the public, and think about Li Shu. Between Tianan and Huangxing, droughts often occur ... "

Second, the cultural factors of moving the capital

Emperor Xiaowen TaBaHong's "Elegant and Good Reading", put it down. The meaning of the Five Classics can be said after reading it, but it can't be learned or explored. History has told hundreds of stories, none of which should be involved. He is good at talking about Zhuang Lao, especially at interpreting. Good articles, good poems and good works. "Emperor Xiaowen himself has a high cultural accomplishment and loves China culture very much. However, the honor of Pingcheng still maintains the ancient tradition of Xianbei and refuses to change, and the contradiction between Hu and Han is sharp. Because the number of Xianbei people in the Northern Wei Dynasty is far less than that of the Han people, and the long-term stability of the Northern Wei Dynasty depends on the assistance of the Han people, Emperor Xiaowen devoted himself to the sinicization reform in order to win over the literati class of the Han people. The economic, cultural and political centers of the Han people are all in the Central Plains. If they want to be completely sinicized, they must move south. Only by eliminating the contradiction between Hu and Han can the Northern Wei regime be consolidated. In the years before and after he took office, many reforms were hindered by the conservative forces in Pingcheng, forcing him to give up the reform plan focusing on Pingcheng and find an ideal environment suitable for reform. Luoyang has been an important town in the Central Plains since ancient times, and its cultural character can be used to sinicize Xianbei. Emperor Xiaowen's initial motive for moving the capital to Luoyang was to be attracted by the cultural tradition shown by Luoyang.