Lecture notes on "Looking at Tianmen Mountain"

Confucius, an ancient educator, said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." This sentence is of great significance today, because the language of ancient poetry is concise, with strong feelings, distinct rhythm and beautiful artistic conception. Guiding students to learn some ancient poems can cultivate sentiment, enrich imagination and cultivate students' interest and sensitivity in language and writing. Therefore, our textbook has arranged the study of ancient poetry since the second volume. Although the number is small, they are all masterpieces, which are good materials for our language training and aesthetic education for students. This poem describes the mountains and rivers of the motherland and expresses admiration; The first two sentences of Wangtianmen Mountain describe the momentum of mountains and rivers. "Tianmen breaks the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flows." The first sentence is mainly about mountains. Tianmen Mountain seems to be suddenly cut off from the middle due to the impact of water flow, and the river rushes out from the break. The second sentence is about water. The mighty Yangtze River is blocked by Tianmen Mountain, causing great waves. The third and fourth sentences describe the feeling of sailing. Sitting on the boat facing the sun and going downstream, I feel that the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite. Poetry praises the magic and magnificence of nature and expresses optimistic and heroic feelings by describing the scenery and inner experience of Tianmen Mountain. Seeing Tianmen Mountain focuses on lyricism, emotion in scenery and painting in poetry. 《

With rich imagination, vivid description and concise language, the author makes the artistic conception of this poem vivid. Therefore, learning this poem should focus on guiding students to experience feelings and appreciate artistic conception. This is also a difficult point, because students have little contact with ancient poetry, and their learning ability in this respect is not very good, and the training of "appreciating artistic conception" is often ignored in many teachers' teaching. In addition, the meanings of some words in poetry are quite different from those commonly used today. How to effectively guide students to understand the meaning of these difficult words and understand the meaning of the whole sentence and the whole article through word meaning understanding is also the focus of this poem teaching. Moreover, Looking at Tianmen Mountain is the first poem in the course of Two Ancient Poems, and it is also the first ancient poem that students come into contact with in this book. The guidance of learning methods is very necessary. Therefore, we should pay attention to teaching students how to learn, not only to cultivate their ability, but also to lay the foundation for the teaching of the second poem in this course.

According to the characteristics of teaching materials and the requirements of teaching syllabus, the following four mathematical objectives must be implemented in teaching:

First, understand the meaning of words and sentences and cultivate students' rich imagination and language expression ability (intelligent goal).

Second, experience the author's feelings of loving nature and the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and feel the artistic conception (emotional goal) of the beauty of poetry.

Third, master the learning methods of ancient poetry and cultivate students' learning ability. Read the meaning of words, understand the content of poetry, and experience thoughts and feelings. Cultivate the feelings of loving nature and motherland.

Fourth, be able to read and recite the whole poem with emotion. (III and IV are skill goals)

Among these goals, "understanding the meaning of words and sentences", "understanding the author's feelings" and "reading aloud and reciting" are the lower limit goals that everyone is required to achieve. "Mastering methods" and "appreciating artistic conception" are the upper limit goals, so that students with good foundation have room for development.

In view of the teaching materials and objectives, I designed the teaching of the poem "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" like this:

The first step: talk about stimulating interest and introducing new lessons.

1. Let students read the ancient poems they have learned freely and talk about the poets they know. This can create an atmosphere for the follow-up study and stimulate the enthusiasm of learning.

2. Introduce the author Li Bai (a famous poet), introduce the new lesson, and attract students' attention.

Step 2: Make clear Japanese standards and study hard.

Clear learning objectives can enable students to know what to learn and master through the study of this course, so as to have a clear idea and clear goals. After all, it is not the first time for fourth-grade students to learn ancient poetry. They have mastered certain learning methods and formed a certain foundation. According to students' cognitive rules and psychological characteristics, let them try to study, think positively with their brains, understand what they can learn independently and find difficulties. This can stimulate their curiosity, let them quickly enter the role, and change passive learning into active learning.

There are many key words in the-and -2 sentences of this poem, which are difficult for students to understand. It is estimated that not many people can learn by "trying". Therefore, in the third step, aiming at the difficult problems reflected by "trying" learning, the teaching method combining "helping interpretation" is adopted to guide students to "understand words and poems". Commentary: Guide students to imagine and associate, and realize the transformation from text information to picture information, thus entering the artistic conception and realizing the reading value. Rewriting does not mean translating ancient poems today. Teachers should make students understand this. )

The answer to the question doesn't need to be comprehensive, so you can buckle poetic language and make your own analysis. Students' answers should be more affirmed and encouraged.

1. "Help" students learn the first sentence.

First, use different means to break through the meaning of these difficult words "breaking, opening, returning, leaving and coming".

Note: the method of "breaking, opening, returning, leaving and coming" connects with reality and expands imagination.

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Instruct students to talk about the meaning of sentences.

Finally, summarize the learning method: "first solve the words, then string the meaning of the sentence." By reading literary works, students can have certain literary appreciation ability, improve aesthetic taste, enrich their personal emotional world and enhance their love for the language and writing of the motherland. What can we learn from this word?

The purpose of "supporting" students in this way is to teach students "how to learn" in "methods"

2. "Half help and half release" to guide students to learn the second sentence.

First of all, guide students to look at teaching charts, stimulate imagination and show training: difficulties.

Then let the students try to say the meaning of the sentence themselves, and the teacher will correct it.

3. "Let go" let students learn three or four sentences by themselves.

Compared with the first sentence and the second sentence, three or four sentences are easy to understand. In addition, through the teaching of the first and second sentences, students have mastered the learning methods, and most students can learn by themselves.

In this way, students are divided into four groups to discuss and study, and then report, so that teachers can understand the feedback and correct it in time.

4. Let the students talk about the meaning of the whole poem and further deepen their understanding.

Step 4: Taste imagination and appreciate artistic conception.

Appreciating artistic conception is not only the further improvement of students' understanding of poetry, but also the premise of emotional reading training and the key to the teaching of ancient poetry. I use two methods to guide students to appreciate artistic conception.

1. "Stick to the words".

Let the students read the whole poem and say which words are used well.

What kind of pictures do these words remind you of? Provide words such as "like" and "simple" to help students describe. )

2. "Virtual image method".

Tip: Look at Tianmen Mountain on the boat. What beautiful scenery did you see? How do you feel?

This further strengthens the understanding of word meaning and sentence meaning, and strengthens students' impression of the content of ancient poetry. Moreover, students can appreciate the beauty of nature by tasting words and imagining roaming, and be influenced and educated by beauty.

On this basis, let students talk creatively about the content of the whole poem, so as to improve their understanding ability.

Step 5: Guide the reading of poetry.

Ancient poetry has clear rhythm, harmonious phonology and catchy reading. Students can read it correctly, but often they can't read the artistic conception and aesthetic feeling. How to make students "read beautifully" and "read beautifully"? I designed to guide students like this:

1. Students try to gain experience. Read it. The sentence is so beautiful. How can I read beautifully? )

2. Student report, teacher induction and teaching methods:

(2) Reading rhythm.

Distinguish stress, intonation and rhythm.

3. Change the form and read again and again.

(demonstration reading → reading together → reading alone → group reading → role reading)

Step 6: Summarize the methods and assign homework.

My curriculum design highlights two training points, namely "understanding the meaning of words and sentences" and "appreciating artistic conception", and pays attention to the cultivation of intelligence and skills, giving full play to students' subjectivity and participation, trying before guiding, practicing before speaking. Efforts should be made to change the old mode of "telling the meaning → remembering the content → memorizing" in the teaching of ancient poetry, so that language training and aesthetic education can be truly implemented.