The mausoleum of Emperor China is an important type of ancient architecture in China. In modern times, the graves of revolutionary leaders are also called mausoleums, such as Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.

Burial was used in ancient China. After the ancient people in China died, they still lived a life similar to that of the dead in the underworld, so treat the dead as if they were dead. Therefore, the above-ground and underground buildings of the mausoleum and the daily necessities buried with it should be modeled after the world. Since the Neolithic Age, most of the tombs are rectangular or square pit tombs, some of which are as deep as 10 meters from the surface, and a large number of slaves are buried with horses and chariots. Later, the emperor's mausoleum and underground bedroom were decorated more and more luxuriously, and all kinds of treasures were buried with them. The scale of its construction had a great influence on later tombs. The Tang Dynasty was a climax in the history of China's mausoleum architecture, and some tombs were built because of mountains, with magnificent momentum.

Because the emperor needs to pay homage to the mausoleum, a memorial hall called Shanggong was set up in the cemetery. There is a tomb buried with him in the mausoleum, which is used to bury kings, princesses, concubines and even prime ministers, heroes, generals and officials. Stone statue, stone beast, que building, etc. Are listed in the front row of Lingshan.

The Ming Dynasty is another climax in the history of China mausoleum architecture. Except Mao Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, all other mausoleums in Ming Dynasty were located in Tianshou Mountain, Changping County, Beijing, collectively known as the Ming Tombs. All the graves are built with mountains at their backs. There are always Shinto, stone statues, stone pavilions, Dahongmen and stone archways in front of the whole mausoleum area, creating a solemn atmosphere. Among them, Dingling has been excavated, and the underground bedroom is divided into front hall, middle hall, back hall and left and right halls, all of which are made of stone.

Mausoleum In the Qing Dynasty, the former Yongling Mausoleum was in Xinbin, Liaoning, Fuling and Zhaoling Mausoleum were in Shenyang, and the rest were built in Zunhua and Yixian, Hebei, which were called the Qing Dongling Mausoleum and the Qing Xiling Mausoleum respectively. The layout and modeling of the building follow the Ming Tombs, and the carving style of the building is more gorgeous.

China Mausoleum is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, sculpture, painting and natural environment. Its layout can be summarized into three forms:

① The layout with Lingshan as the main body can be represented by the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. Surrounded by city walls and backed by Mount Li, it has a simple outline and magnificent weather, creating a commemorative atmosphere.

(2) the axis layout that runs through the world with Shinto. This layout emphasizes positive Shinto. For example, the dry mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty takes the mountain peak as the main body of the mausoleum, and quemen, Shi Xiangsheng, stele and Huabiao are arranged in front of it, forming a Shinto and setting off the grand spirit of the mausoleum building.

③ Layout of buildings. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the closed environment surrounded by mountains was chosen as the mausoleum area, and all the tombs were arranged in one place harmoniously. Archway, Dahongmen, Monument Pavilion, etc. All of them have joined Shinto, and the architecture and environment are closely combined to create a solemn environment.

Western architecture always emphasizes the eternity and sublimity of architectural art with huge volume and transcendental scale. They have strict geometric figures, and often use domes and minarets with outward feeling to render the vertical strength of houses, forming an appearance feature that stands proudly and opposes nature. Pyramids and temples, the representatives of ancient Egyptian architectural culture, have highlighted this feature. The pyramids are the tombs of Egyptian legalists or nobles. The ancient Egyptians believed in the idea of immortality of the soul, and believed that eternal life could be achieved in the kingdom of heaven by permanently preserving the body after death. Therefore, Egyptian pharaohs had to build pyramids representing eternal beliefs for themselves while they were alive. The pyramids are definitely different from the ancient tombs in China. It does not have the feminine beauty of being "buried underground", nor does it create the rich and gorgeous underground paradise in the underground palace. Instead, it shows an eternal theme in the most concise and powerful geometric form, which will last forever in the world. From the perspective of artistic philosophy, the Geelong Pyramid, located in the suburb of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile, with its huge, simple, concise and stable shape, shows a supernatural and pure masculine beauty in the vast, primitive and simple desert, with a strong memorial-sacred, eternal, solemn and lofty.

The same is true of ancient Egyptian temples, such as the temple of Amon in Karnak Temple. The building is huge, heavy, majestic and mysterious, which completely shows a kind of masculine and lofty beauty. The most famous temple in Amon is the main hall, also known as the "multi-pillar temple", which covers an area of 5,000 square meters and is densely arranged with 16 rows and 134 tall and thick stone pillars. Their bottom diameter is larger than the clear distance between the columns. This kind of treatment is obviously to pursue the artistic effect of repression and super-sensibility. When talking about western religious architecture, Marx once said: "The huge image is shocking and surprising ... These behemoths, like naturally generated volumes, affect people's spirit materially, and the spirit feels depressed under the weight of material. This feeling of depression is the starting point of worship." It is this pure material pressure that is exaggerated by the architecture of the temple of Amon, aiming at causing people's consternation and shocking impression. Here, the beautiful and implicit female beauty is completely rejected.