I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.
When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.
Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image. Shangshan, also known as Chushan, is located in the southeast of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the last years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and passed through here.
The first sentence shows a typical "leave early" scene, which is very general. When I got up in the morning, the hotel was jingling inside and outside, and the bells of horses and chariots had already rung. Many activities, such as riding and driving, have been suggested. The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while. In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, poor human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "Traveling and Thinking of Hometown" can arouse readers' emotions.
Three or four sentences have always been popular. Mei once said to Ouyang Xiu: The best poem should be "a scene that is difficult to write, like the eyes, with endless opinions". Ouyang Xiu asked him to give an example. He quoted these two sentences and Jia Dao's "Birds are strange in the wild, and pedestrians are afraid in the sunset". He also asked: "The road is difficult, but you are worried." Isn't it obvious? " (Poem of June 1) Li Dongyang further analyzed in "Poems on Huailutang": "The thatched cottage crows, and the slab bridge frosts people." People only know that they can express their thoughts and feelings. I don't know that the second sentence doesn't need one or two sentences, but only mentions the word "seeking place", but it is rare to have a sonorous rhyme and full image. If it is difficult to pile up, no matter its literal clarity and harmonious rhyme, I can write about the scenery, how can I! "sonorous rhyme" and "full image" are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as the subordinate conditions of "not using one or two idle words, only mentioning words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems. The so-called "function words" refer to various words other than nouns; The so-called "mentioning words" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost. Although the words such as "chicken's voice", "Maodian", "traveled by people" and "Banqiao" in the poem are all combined into the radical phrase of "attribute plus head word", because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns is still preserved. For example, can the word "chicken sound" and the combination of "chicken" and "sound" not attract people's attention? Maodian, Travel and Banqiao are similar to this.
In ancient times, for the sake of safety, tourists usually stayed indoors early, and the rooster crowed early to see the sky. Since the poet wrote about going early, the cock crow and the moon are characteristic scenery. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. In "The Chicken Crows on the Moon in Maodian", travelers in Maodian get up to look at the sky when they hear the chicken crow, pack their bags when they see the moon in the sky, get up and go on the road, and many other things are vividly shown.
Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which was also an "early trip"; However, it is already a "cold slab bridge frost", which is really "Mo Daojun left early and there were many pedestrians early"!
These two poems composed of pure nouns describe the scene of early death, which is really a good sentence with "sufficient images"
The sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, Zhihua famous post wall" is written about the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. The word "Ming" was used because the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was conspicuous before dawn. It can be seen that the poet is obsessed with the word "leave early".
The scenery of the first trip reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: "The geese return to the pond." Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; And myself, I am far away, resting in Maodian and running on the mountain road! "Du Mengling" and Maodian's homesickness at night bring out the best in each other, taking care of "going home" from beginning to end, bringing out the best in each other; The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip. What I see in my eyes is "mistletoe falling down the mountain", and what I think in my heart is "wild geese returning to the pond" The scene of "leaving early" and the feeling of "leaving early" are perfectly expressed.
Morning Walk in Shangshan is a famous piece in literary poetry and Shangluo. The content is average, but the artistic level is very high, which has always been valued by poetry anthologists, especially the second couplet of poetry: "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost walks in Banqiao", which is even more popular and has received rave reviews.
Wen, whose real name is Fei Qing, is from Qixian County, Shanxi Province. He was an influential poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Born in the 7th year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (8 12), some people say that they died in 870 AD and some in 886 AD. According to him, his ancestor Wen Yanbo was the prime minister during the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty. I think it's a descendant of nobility. But by the time he arrived, his family had declined and lost the glory of his ancestors.
Wen is ugly and lewd, unkempt and bohemian, but he is brilliant, quick-thinking, proficient in temperament and good at poetry and songs. Therefore, he has a bad reputation among literati, and thinks that he is "talented and not doing" and "virtuous and not taking". During his stay in Tang Wenzong and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he took three Jinshi examinations, all of which failed in Sun Shan. Therefore, he was not satisfied politically all his life, and only worked as a small official. In his early years, he frequented the library of Prime Minister Hu Ling and was highly praised. But later, he complained that Hu Ling didn't help him gain fame, so he laughed at him and became bad friends with Hu Ling. When Hu Ling was guarding Huainan, he refused to visit, but he lived up to expectations and went to a brothel. Besides, he was drunk and made trouble. Hu Ling secretly sent someone to beat him up and even broke his teeth. Later, Yang became prime minister, was hired as a teaching assistant, and took part in the autumn exam. As a result, he praised a candidate named Shao Ye's satirical article on current politics, which offended powerful people, so Yang sealed his post. After that, he wandered around and died in poverty. His poem "The First Trip to Goodness" was probably written in the spring of the first year of Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (AD 859). He went from Chang 'an to Xiangyang to take refuge in Xu Shang. He was nearly 50 years old at that time.
The book "Be Good and Leave Early" is really beautiful, especially the sentence "The thatched cottage crows and the barren slab bridge frost". With only a few nouns, the author vividly depicts a picture of the early spring dawn in a mountain village full of formal beauty, physical beauty, light and shadow beauty and color beauty. After reading it today, 1000 years ago, the scenery at dawn in the early spring of Shangshan Road is still vivid and intimate. There have always been many critics of this poem, but some comments are far-fetched and taken for granted. For example, the first sentence "the priests are recruited in the morning". Get up in the morning and "shake the bell on the car". The bell is not bad. In the ancient dictionary of China, the explanation is "a small bell hanging from the neck or eaves of cattle and horses." According to the actual situation of poverty at that time, I am afraid it is difficult to travel long distances by car. At the same time, if you sit in the car, I'm afraid it's hard to see the footprints of people stepping on the frost on the wooden bridge over the river. So to be precise, the shopkeeper should ring the bell hanging under the eaves of the shop and urge the guests to get up and go on the road. Then there is the "Banqiao" in the fourth sentence "Frost on Banqiao". People living in Shangluo mountain area have probably experienced it. Before the 1970s, wooden bridges (some with logs) were erected on the river before and after the village, both in Danjiang River and other rivers and streams in the mountains, which made it convenient for villagers to go up and down the mountain to work and travelers to walk, without taking off their shoes and wading. This kind of wooden bridge is generally erected in autumn after the flood season and demolished before the flood season in early summer of the following year. In late autumn, early winter and early spring, when people walk on the bridge in the morning, they can always see a thin layer of frost on the bridge deck, which will leave clear marks when they step on it. The sentence "Frost on the Wandering Banqiao" is a vivid and true portrayal of this scene. As for the Banqiao, which is now forty miles northwest of Shangzhou, it is even more impossible to have anything to do with this poem of Wen. Because Banqiao is not on the way up the mountain, and it is far away from this avenue, Wen will never go around the "wooden bridge" so far away. As for the sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, flowers bloom on the wall", some comments are marked with "mistletoe leaves fall" and there are traces of first frost, so it is purely natural to say that this poem is written in "late autumn". "Quercus" belongs to FAGACEAE, a tree with wide oval leaves. Everyone in Shangzhou knows what mistletoe is, and it is used to line buns and make zongzi on Duanyang Festival. The leaves of mistletoe do not fall in autumn and winter, but wither on the branches, and the dead leaves do not fall off until the new leaves germinate in the next spring. "Zhi" is what Shangzhou people commonly call "Tieli Village". There are many clusters of bitter citrus reticulata, with few leaves, many thorns and thick leaves. In spring, white flowers are in full bloom, and the fruit is orange, dark green, bitter and inedible. Citrus grandis grows on the river bank, the river bank or the wall of people's yard. Some people also plant it as a fence. It is rare now. In the 1950s, banks and villages on both sides of the Danjiang River were everywhere. These two sentences are also a true description of the mountain scenery in early spring. The word "Ming" in the sentence "Zhihua Ming Yi accent" is very clever and accurate. Because in the moonlight before dawn, a piece of white orange blossom outside the wall of the post station is particularly bright and dazzling. In a word, this five-character rhythmic poem is very particular about scenery, lyrics, words and melody, showing high artistic skills. The first couplet and the fourth couplet take care of each other from beginning to end, expressing the poet's loss and helplessness in the long journey, the hardship of missing his hometown and the disappointment of his career. Secondly, the third antithetical couplet not only takes care of the "hiking in the mountains" in the poem, but also reflects the poet's sad and lonely mood at that time with vivid and quiet scenery in front of him. The whole poem is seamless and touching.
Wen's poems and articles are very distinctive, but generally speaking, his prose is not as good as poetry, and poetry is not as good as poetry. The ideological content of his poems is narrow and thin, and he mostly describes women's chapters in a soft and gorgeous way, but his artistic level is very commendable. In particular, his ci has a great influence on later generations, and he is called the originator of the "Huajian School" ci style of the previous generation.