Planting techniques of Amomum villosum Ⅰ. Selecting land and preparing soil:
Choose broad-leaved evergreen woodland with fertile soil and sufficient water resources or valley, hillside and flat land with convenient irrigation and drainage for planting. Before planting, we should reclaim wasteland, prepare soil and raise beds, and plant trees or build sheds on the land without shade trees.
Second, the feeding method:
Seed propagation and ramet propagation can be used. It is generally customary to reproduce by ramets. If the seedlings are insufficient or introduced, the seeds can be used for reproduction.
fissiparity
In nursery or field, select vigorous plants, cut off plants with 1-2 stolons and 5- 10 leaflets as seedlings, and plant them when there is enough rain around the vernal equinox or autumn equinox. Plant spacing 3? Three feet or four feet? Four feet. When planting, the old stolon is buried in the soil to a depth of 2-3 inches, the soil is recompacted, and the tender stolon is covered with loose soil. Because the weather is too dry when planting, root water should be poured thoroughly after planting to facilitate survival.
Third, on-site management
1, weeding and seedling cutting: weeding twice a year. After the fruits are harvested in February and August-September respectively, weeds and litter are removed, and withered, weak, diseased, residual seedlings and some over-dense bamboo shoots are cut off. Every time the seedlings are cut, 20,000-30,000 plants are reserved per mu. The removed garbage can be piled up as fertilizer. In the second cleaning, perishable weeds can cover the stems to increase soil organic matter.
2. Fertilization and soil improvement: Fertilize 2-3 times a year two years before field planting, in February-March and 65438+ 10 respectively. In addition to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased. Generally, gray manure, manure, green manure and chemical fertilizer are applied. After entering the flowering and fruiting year, organic fertilizer is the main one, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Main phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in February. Generally, 5-6 kilograms of urea, 50-80 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 65,438+05-20 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizers such as compost and turf, or 3,000-4,000 kilograms of green manure are applied per mu, which is convenient for plant division after autumn and lays the foundation for flower bud differentiation in the following year. During the period of 65438+1October165438+1October, the application of 15-20 tons of burning soil or cow and horse manure per mu is beneficial to cold protection and warmth. If conditions permit, using dilute urine (one urine with three parts of water) or urea as root topdressing before flowering has a good effect on improving the results. Fertilization combined with soil tillage.
3. Adjust the shading degree: adjust the shading degree according to the requirements of different light intensities during the growth period of spring sand.
4. Drainage and irrigation: In order to meet the water demand of different growth stages of spring sand, attention should be paid to drainage and irrigation. If the weather is dry in the flower and fruit period, it must be drained and irrigated in time to avoid the flowers drying up and affecting the yield; In case of rainy days, accumulated water in the soil and excessive humidity, the water must be drained in time to avoid fruit rot. You can open a ravine or build a pond on the mountain.
5. Artificial pollination: Spring sand is a strict insect-borne flower, so it can't pollinate itself. Under natural conditions, it must rely on insect pollination to bear fruit. Therefore, artificial pollination in places with less insect pollination can greatly improve the seed setting rate and yield. Artificial pollination generally adopts push-pull method. That is, hold the big petals and stamens with the middle finger and thumb of the right hand or left hand, gently push the stamens down first and then pull them up with the thumb, and exert gravity on the head of the stigma. A large amount of pollen can be stuffed into the holes of the stigma by pushing and pulling, from 7 am to 4 pm every day.
Fourth, pest control.
1, Rhizoctonia solani: It occurs at seedling stage, mostly in March and April, and between 10- 1 1, the base of young stem shrivels and dies. It can be sprayed with1:1:120-140 bordeaux solution or pentachloronitrobenzene, and can be injected with 200-400 times of solution for prevention and control.
2. Leaf spot disease: occurs at seedling stage. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves were waterlogged, and the lesion had no obvious edge, and then the whole plant died. Prevention and control methods:
(1) Clean the seedbed and burn the diseased branches;
(2) Pay attention to the ventilation and light transmission of the seedbed, except for low humidity;
(3) Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance disease resistance;
(4) Spray with Dyson ammonia1:1:120-160 times wave liquid or 1000 times liquid once a week for 3-4 times continuously.
3. Stem rot and fruit rot: It occurs in areas with dense plants, poor ventilation and poor drainage. Control method: in March and 1 0-1month, lime and plant ash (1lime to 3-2 plant ash) were applied once, with 30-40 kg per mu; Spraying fruits or stolons with 1% formalin or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution (100 kg/mu) at the flowering and fruiting stage, and spraying with 1: 4 lime and plant ash for 3-4 times after each spraying.
4. Borer: In order to harm the bamboo shoot larvae, the top of the bitten bamboo shoot larvae dries up and then dies. Control method: 40% dimethoate EC or 90% trichlorfon powder 800 times can be sprayed on adults during spawning period.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) harvest
Spring sand blooms and bears fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting, the fruit changes from bright red to purple, the seeds are dark brown, and the mature fruit is spicy after crushing.
Cultivation techniques of Yangchun 1 Amomum villosum. Location: Amomum villosum is a subtropical plant, which likes to grow in fertile, humid and cool valley areas, especially in semi-sandy and semi-muddy black soil. Amomum villosum is generally planted under the fir trees at the foot of the mountain or at the foot of the mountain with shade between two mountains, where the land is wet and the drainage is good. Amomum villosum should not be planted in the open air, sunny, rough sand and sticky soil.
2. Copy:
(1) Seed propagation: After picking the mature seeds of Amomum villosum, immediately wash the juice with clear water, dry it and sow it. Sowing is usually done in autumn. Seed collection shall be carried out at the end of August or early September of that year, with a spacing of 7cm? ; 13cm for sowing or drilling. After sowing, cover with 1cm thick fine soil, and then cover with a layer of Miscanthus or thatch to protect soil moisture and prevent rain from washing away seeds.
Field planting: Generally, the field planting in April-May is the best. When planting, it is advisable to take the seedlings nearby, cut off about two-thirds of the leaves at the lower part of the plant and plant them with the cuttings. Generally, the plant spacing is 0.6 ~ 1m, the hole depth and hole diameter are 30cm respectively, and organic fertilizers such as decomposed human and animal manure are applied. After planting, cover the soil for 6 ~ 7 cm, so that the top of the new stolon can be exposed from the soil surface, the bottom should be compacted, and the hole surface should be lower than the ground. Generally, 400 ~ 1 500 seedlings are used every 667㎡. After planting, cover the hole surface with grass. If the weather is dry, water or irrigate in time to keep the planting area moist.
(2) Plant propagation: In February of the lunar calendar, carefully divide the young plants with a height of 50cm, plant every two or four plants together, cross the rhizomes, row spacing 100cm, and planting depth is about 7cm. If it is too deep, underground stems are not easy to blossom and bear fruit.
Cultivation and management Amomum villosum roots are full, so it is not suitable to use hoes to weed. Weeding should be carefully done by hand or sickle. After Amomum villosum blooms and bears fruit, it has a strong fragrance, and snakes and rats often come to steal the fruit. Therefore, weeds must be removed frequently, so that snakes and mice have no hiding place to ensure the growth of fruits. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry from being trampled, otherwise it will also affect the harvest. Generally, in the flowering period, the medicinal agricultural sprinkler sprinkles water, which can make the pollen easily fall into the pearl L and bear fruit easily. But watering can't be too much and too hard, otherwise the flowers of Amomum villosum will be washed away easily. Don't weed during flowering. Get rid of dry old seedlings and diseased plants and let the roots continue to grow seedlings. Amomum villosum is generally not fertilized, because improper fertilization will affect flowering and fruiting. Every winter, plants should be cut off, weeds should be removed, fertilization should be applied for 65,438+0 times, and the first sign should be cultivated for 65,438+0 times, but it is not suitable for cultivation on rhizomes, because rhizomes are flowering and fruiting, and it is not suitable for over-deep cultivation. If the fruit is too ripe, it should not be harvested, because it will be broken. Amomum villosum avoids north wind, heavy rain and frost, especially when flowering. In case of heavy rain, flowers will be washed away or rotted, which will affect the results.
When the fruit ripens before and after harvesting and processing in early autumn, you should use scissors to pick the fruit instead of picking it by hand, otherwise it will damage the roots and affect the fruit in the next year. Timely harvesting can improve drying speed and quality. Baking method: low fire baking. The fuel for the fire is rice husk, logs, camphor leaves or charcoal fire. Usually baked 3 times, the first 1 call? Pulping? , the second call? Back to the furnace? , the third call? Reheat? . After baking for three times, it can be packed in boxes. When it is baked to 50% to 60%, take it out and put it in a sack to make it sweat 1 ~ 2 days, and then bake it or dry it in the sun (according to local experience, it is difficult to preserve it without baking, and it is easy to get moldy and black). Bake twice a day, each time 12 hours. Cover the charcoal fire with camphor leaves to prevent open flames. When baking until the peel is soft (50% to 60% dry), spray water once. After spraying water, the peel suddenly shrinks and is closely connected with the seed group, which can be preserved for a long time. 2 ~ 3 layers of sieve can be put in each baking, the top layer is covered with wet cloth, and the lower layer is moved to the upper layer when it is quick-drying; After the upper layer of Amomum villosum is dried, it is changed into wet. This alternative baking method can give full play to the role of kang stove. General raw goods 100kg, dry goods 25kg.