In two paragraphs composed of multiple clauses, the end of each clause is called "foot" and the end of the last clause is called "joint foot". Couplets with only one sentence on both sides are generally called couplet feet.
Couplets can be punctuated without punctuation. When punctuating, if there is only one sentence on one side, add a comma and a period on the other side. When there are multiple clauses, the upper joint feet are generally marked with semicolons.
Couplets created by an author are called "couplets" or "self-written couplets". When two people write together, the first sentence written is called "antithesis" and the second sentence is called "antithesis". Sentences can be part I or part II.
The four elements of couplets are: the number of words is equal, the content is related, the part of speech is equal, and it is harmonious and balanced.
First, the number of words is equal
"Words are equal" has three meanings: the words of phrases corresponding to the upper and lower couplets are equal; The number of words in the upper and lower parts is equal; The total number of words in the upper part is equal to the total number of words in the lower part.
Example:
The first part: Spring has just arrived.
Bottom line: jubilant (the number of corresponding words is equal to the number of words)
Case:
The first part: Spring has just arrived.
The second couplet: Infinite scenery (although "scenery" and "spring" are both themes in couplets, the number of words is different and they are not allowed in couplets. )
Multi-clause example:
The first part: beautiful scenery, eight sections are not old four points;
Bottom line: sunny weather, the Millennium scenery of Changchun.
("He Xiu" is the foot of the first clause and "Lao Chun" is the foot of the second clause. Because the second clause is the last clause, "Laochun" is called joint foot. )
Second, the content is relevant.
The contents of couplets should be related. A couplet should be regarded as an article, with a theme and a central idea, and it is not allowed to say an irrelevant word in the upper and lower couplets. For example, the words "spring comes to the eyes, beaming" express the joy of spring.
Case:
Spring comes before us.
inconsolable
The meaning of the two sentences is far from each other, which is not acceptable.
"The number of words is equal to the related content" is the basic element of couplets.
Third, part-of-speech equivalence.
"Part-of-speech equivalence" is a grammatical element of couplets, and its basic meaning is that each word and word corresponding to the upper and lower couplets should belong to the same category. Namely noun to noun, verb to verb, and so on.
Example:
Spring comes before us.
Smile-radiant.
Noun verb noun (noun radical phrase)
Case:
Spring comes before us.
(noun verb noun; Subdivision: "eye" and "international" are nouns)
Infinite scenery
(noun adjectives; Subdivision: "wind is light" nouns, "nothing" adverbs and verbs, "extreme" nouns)
Fourth, balance and harmony.
The concept of "Pingdiao": "Pingdiao" refers to the Pingdiao and Zhengdiao of Putonghua, that is, the first and second tones, such as "Ma, Ma", which are called "Pingdiao characters" in couplets; "Xu" refers to the rising tone and falling tone in Putonghua, that is, the third and fourth tones, such as "Ma, scold", which is called "Xu" in couplets.
"Flat and harmonious" means that the tones are coordinated with each other, reading smoothly and having a sense of rhythm. "Plain harmony" is the melody element of couplets.
Unlike metrical poems, couplets don't require rhyme at the end, but they require the upper couplet to be silent and the lower couplet to be flat. "The first half of the couplet" is the most basic rule of couplet rhythm. Example:
Spring comes before us.
Flat tone
Smile-radiant.
It's flat
The first couplet reads "Ji" in Putonghua, which is classified as "life" in couplets, and the second couplet reads "Yin Ping", which is classified as "life". "Ji" and "Jian" conform to the melody law of "flat feet and flat feet". However, in the above case, "between the eyes of spring, the scenery is infinite" and the feet are stuffy, so this case not only has the problem of part-of-speech antithesis, but also has the problem of irregular melody.
In the above example, apart from the fact that the ending of the couplet is flat, we also notice that the other words are flat, which is also the requirement of the rhythm of the couplet. Conversely, superiors and subordinates are also the concept of "pair", that is, reverse correspondence. However, the rhyme of couplets does not require that every word is flat and level. For example, in the above case, "spring comes with eyes, sadness comes with heart." Although "spring" and "sadness" are both flat, the whole couplet is silent.
Apart from the fact that conjunctions must be flat (and flat on the top and flat on the bottom), what other words can't be right and what must be right? This involves more rules of couplet rhythm, which we will continue to introduce in the second lecture.
At this point, everyone has a preliminary understanding of the question "what is a couplet?" We often use antithesis to affirm a couplet, which means that this couplet meets the requirements in content, part of speech and melody.
In ancient times, couplets were often hung on the pillars of shops and temples, so couplets were also called couplets. With the development of society, there have been many new changes in the forms, uses and types of couplets, and "couplets" have become elegant names of couplets.
There are various classifications of couplets. According to the number of words, it is divided into short couplet and long couplet, and the long couplet is more than 30 words on one side. According to the purpose and content (couplets), it is divided into Spring Festival couplets and greeting couplets (wedding, birthday celebration, housewarming, opening, etc. ), elegiac couplet, government couplet, temple couplet and so on. There are many types of couplets according to rhetorical formats and techniques. Please refer to our classification table on the front page of the joint warehouse. Spring Festival couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets and elegiac couplets used for posting usually add four words (written from right to left). Other kinds of couplets generally do not cross batches.
Interviewee: Tea tasting-probation level 1 5-3 1 22:02
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Couplets are called couplets, commonly known as couplets. Concise and profound, neat and balanced, word for word, is a unique art form of Chinese language. It can be said that couplet art is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, Happy Couplets, Shoulian couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, trade couplets, communicative couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including humorous couplets ...).
Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:
First, the number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.
Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat.
Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.
Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.
In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.
The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.