The Hall of Supreme Harmony (called Fengtian Hall and Huangji Hall in Ming Dynasty), commonly known as the "Golden Hall", is 35.05 meters high, 63 meters east and west, and 35 meters north and south, covering an area of more than 2,380 square meters. The ratio of length to width is 9: 5, which means the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The area is the largest among the main halls of the Forbidden City, and the shape is also the highest and most magnificent building.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is a temple with five ridges and four slopes, with long ridges in the east and west and two oblique vertical ridges in the front and back, thus forming a roof with five ridges and four slopes, which is called fairy hall style in architectural terminology.

There are 10 kinds of wild animals under the eaves (dragons, phoenixes, lions, horses, seahorses, sisters-in-law, gambling on fish, sisters-in-law, bullfighting and walking), which is a special case of ancient architecture in China. From the Ming dynasty in the14th century, the double-eaved palace was the highest-ranking form of the feudal dynasty palace. The Hall of Supreme Harmony has 72 pillars with a diameter of 1 m, among which 6 are dragon pillars coated with gold powder around the throne.

There are painted gold pillars and exquisite dragon caissons in the hall. In the center of the hall is the symbol of feudal imperial power-the golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon, which is located on a 2-meter-high platform in the hall, with the golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon. There are exquisite cranes, stoves and pots in front of the throne, and a carved dragon screen behind it.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest wooden structure building in the Forbidden City, the most spectacular building in the Forbidden City and the largest wooden structure building in China. The whole hall is resplendent and magnificent. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the place where the emperor held important ceremonies. That is, the emperor ascended the throne, birthdays, weddings, New Year's Day and so on are celebrated here.

2. Zhonghetang

Zhonghe Hall (called Gaihua Hall and Relay Hall in Ming Dynasty) is one of the three halls in the Forbidden City, located behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Zhonghe Hall is 27 meters high, square in plane, 3 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep, with cloisters all around and brick floor, with a building area of 580_. The yellow glazed tile has a pyramid-shaped roof with a single eaves and four corners, with a gold-plated top in the middle. The top of the four ridges gather into a pointed shape, and the spherical treasure top is covered with a bronze tire, which is called the quadrangular pointed shape in architectural terminology.

Zhonghe Hall is the place where the emperor rested and practiced etiquette before going to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for a ceremony. Before going to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the emperor stopped here for a short time, accepted the salute of cabinet ministers and officials of the Ministry of Rites, and then entered the Hall of Supreme Harmony for a ceremony. In addition, before the emperor worships heaven and earth and the ancestral temple, he should also review the "classes" written in eulogy here; Before going to farm in Zhongnanhai, you should also look at the farm tools here. ?

3. Baohe Hall

Baohe Hall (called Shenshen Hall and Jianji Hall in Ming Dynasty) is also one of the three halls of the Forbidden City, located behind Zhonghe Hall. Baohe Hall is 29 meters high, rectangular in plan, 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, with a building area of 1240_.

The yellow glazed tile rests on the top of the mountain with double eaves. There is a positive ridge in the center of the roof, with two vertical ridges in front and two vertical ridges in the back. The lower part of each vertical ridge is inclined with a fork ridge, which, together with nine positive ridges, vertical ridges and fork ridges, is called inclined mountain type in architectural terminology. Baohe Hall is the place where the emperor fetes foreign princes and ministers every New Year's Eve. Baohe Hall is also the place where imperial examinations are held.

4. Miyagi

The second half of the Forbidden City building is called the Forbidden City. The gate of the Forbidden City, Gan Qing Gate, is surrounded by glazed walls, and the last three palaces are inside. The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, and its east and west wings are East Sixth Palace and West Sixth Palace respectively. It is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, and it is also the place where the emperor and his queens live and live.

The second half is the same as the first half in architectural style. The image of the first half of the building is serious, solemn, grand and majestic to symbolize the supremacy of the emperor. The second half of the palace is full of vitality, and most of the buildings are self-contained courtyards, including gardens, study rooms, pavilions and rocks.

There was a fierce battle in Longzongmen in Qing Dynasty. In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), the peasant uprising in Tianjin occurred in the Central Plains, and the peasant leader Lin Qing planned and led a direct attack on the Forbidden City in Gyeonggi. On September 14, the insurgents disguised themselves and divided into two groups, planning to enter Miyagi from the East Gate and Xihuamen.

Eunuchs Liu Decai, Liu Jin and others led a group of troops from Xihuamen, and quickly attacked Longzongmen, where they fought fiercely. The change of the Forbidden City "led to something unknown in the Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties", and Emperor Jiaqing made an exception and issued a "complaint against himself" to the world. Up to now, there are arrows on the tablet of Longzongmen, which is said to be the remains of this battle. The arrow is located at the lower left of the nameplate.

5. Gan Qing Palace

Gan Qing Palace is in front of the inner court of the Forbidden City. Gan Qing Palace is the main hall of the palace, 20 meters high. There is a throne in the middle of the double eaves hall, and there is a "fair and bright" plaque inside. There are warm pavilions at both ends. Gan Qing Palace is the bedroom of the feudal emperor. Before Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, this was the place where the emperor lived and handled government affairs. After Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the emperor moved to hall of mental cultivation, but he still read newspapers, played newspapers, appointed officials and summoned officials here.

6. Jiaotai Hall

Jiaotai Hall is located between Gan Qing Palace and Kunning Palace, which means "harmony between heaven and earth, well-being and happiness". Built in the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (AD 1798). It is a square temple with four corners, gilded top and auspicious dragons and phoenixes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this hall was the place where the Queen's birthday celebration was held.

The so-called queen's silkworm-kissing ceremony in Qing dynasty needs to check the preparations for the ceremony. There is also a collection of "Bao Xi" seals from the Qing Dynasty.

7. Yangxintang

After Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, hall of mental cultivation became the actual residence of the emperor in the Forbidden City. During the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Ci 'an listened to politics in Dongnuange, hall of mental cultivation.

8. Ningshou Palace

Ningshou Palace on the east side of the Forbidden City was built at a cost of1122,000 taels of silver when Emperor Qianlong announced his abdication.

9. Kunning Palace

The Palace of Kunning is behind the "inner court" of the Forbidden City. Double-eaved Kunning Palace is the queen's bedroom before Yong Zhengdi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with warm pavilions at both ends. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed into a place of worship. After Yongzheng, Xinnuange was a place where shamans offered sacrifices. Among them, Dongnuange is the bridal chamber of the emperor's wedding, and Kangxi, Tongzhi and Guangxu all held weddings here.

To the north of the Palace of Kunning is the Royal Garden. There are towering pines and cypresses, precious flowers and trees, strange rocks and pavilions in the imperial garden. Royal Garden, formerly known as Gonghou Garden, covers an area of 1 1000 square meters and has more than 20 buildings. The landscape architecture takes Qin 'an Hall as the center, and adopts the pattern of complementary primary and secondary, symmetrical left and right, compact layout and rich classicism.

Duixiushan Mountain in the northeast of the temple is made of Taihu stone, and there are two pavilions named Wanchun Pavilion and Qianqiu Pavilion built on it, which can be said to be the most gorgeous preserved ancient pavilion at present.

Dongliugong 10

Everything in the Forbidden City and the Sixth Palace is where the emperor's empresses and children live. The East Sixth Palace includes Ren Jing Palace, Yan Xi Palace, Chenggan Palace, Yonghe Palace, Zhongcui Palace and Jingyang Palace. Dongliu Palace was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty.

The Sixth East Palace includes Zhongcui Palace, Chenggan Palace, Ren Jing Palace, Jingyang Palace, Yonghe Palace and Yan Xi Palace. Among them, Empress Dowager Ci 'an lived in Zhongcui Palace. In addition, Yan Xi Palace is also famous, because the only western building in the Forbidden City is Yan Xi Palace, which is the Crystal Palace widely circulated among the people.

Yan Xi Palace was destroyed by lightning during Daoguang period, so the rulers of Qing Dynasty decided to build a palace that was not afraid of fire during Xuantong period, and construction began on a palace made of white marble and glass. But in the middle of the project, the Qing Dynasty perished and the whole project was forced to stop. At present, Yan Xi Palace is closed to the public.

At present, most of Dongliugong has been converted into ancient art galleries, including the Ming and Qing Arts and Crafts Museum, the ceramics museum, the Bronze Museum, the Watch Museum, the Painting Museum and the Treasure Museum. The most people visit the Treasure Hall and the Watch Hall, which is located in Fengxian Hall, and the Treasure Hall is located in hall of mental cultivation, Leshou Hall and Yihexuan in the northeast corner of the Forbidden City. The toy exhibition hall is located on the east side of Kunning Palace, which is called the East Board Room.

Extended data

The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is located in the center of Beijing's central axis and is the essence of ancient court architecture in China.

The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about10.5 million square meters. There are more than 70 palaces and 9000 houses. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world.

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city.

The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.

The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies.

The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live. ?

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Forbidden City