To cultivate a person's good behavior habits, we must start from an early age. Children are in the primary stage of life, with strong plasticity and poor self-control. This is not only a critical period for developing good behavior habits, but also a dangerous stage for catching bad behavior habits. If you don't cultivate good habits in time, you will miss the opportunity and the habits will come naturally. This paper focuses on the analysis of the specific manifestations of children's bad behavior habits, and puts forward measures to cultivate children's good behavior habits.

Keywords Cultivate children's habits

"Infant" refers to "children aged 3-6", and "habit" refers to a stable behavior that a person shows without thinking. The formation process of good behavior habits is the process of a person's healthy personality constantly developing and perfecting. Cultivating children's good behavior habits is to promote the development of children's internal quality by educating children's external behavior habits, so as to ensure children's healthy body and mind, cultivate interest, gain experience, enlighten wisdom, form a good character and promote the development of each child's personality. How to cultivate children's good behavior habits? I think we can start from the following aspects:

First, the specific manifestations of children's bad behavior habits

Children are a critical period for the formation of good behavior habits, but children's ability to judge right and wrong and self-control are poor, and various bad habits will appear, mainly as follows:

1. Sleep late in the morning

Children love to sleep late and can't get up on time in the morning, which is a big problem faced by parents. Such children generally have the problem of not going to bed on time at night. In order to correct it, parents should first determine how long their children need to sleep every day, work out a reasonable schedule, and urge their children to sleep at night. According to the physiological characteristics of children, infants before the age of six months need about 15-20 hours of sleep; 1 year-old takes about 15- 16 hours; It takes about 2-3 years old 12- 14 hours; 4-6 years old takes about 1 1- 12 hours; It takes about 9- 10 hours for people over 7 years old. Cultivate and train children's good sleeping habits, that is, don't sleep with arms around, don't pat or shake the bed, don't sleep with nipples, and don't suck your fingers. The so-called regular sleep time means that children's sleep time at night does not exceed 10, because 10- 12 is the most exuberant time for human growth hormone secretion, so it is very beneficial for children's development and growth to ensure this period of sleep.

I don't like washing face and brushing teeth.

Preschool children don't understand why they should wash their faces and brush their teeth. In his view, they just find it interesting to imitate the behavior of adults. Children will only wash their faces when they are four and a half years old; You didn't take a shower until you were about 6 years old. Therefore, parents should guide and help their children to wash their faces and brush their teeth at the early stage of their curiosity, and they must be patient. Be careful not to force the child to do this, otherwise the child will have the experience of being punished, will not be interested in washing his face and brushing his teeth, and will gradually develop the habit of not loving washing his face and brushing his teeth.

3. Unwilling to go to kindergarten

Going to kindergarten is a key step for children to leave home and go to society. When children enter kindergarten, they need to change their previous living habits. You can't do whatever you want like at home, you must obey the teacher, you can't monopolize toys, and your lifestyle such as sleeping, eating and defecating has changed. If parents can skillfully use this change to inspire and stimulate their children's adaptability to the environment, they can improve their psychology and actions. On the contrary, if parents ignore this change, especially the children who are arrogant and dependent at home, they will encounter many difficulties in going to kindergarten.

4. Partial eclipse and anorexia

Partial eclipse: refers to children who are picky about their diet or eat only a few foods that they like or are used to. Partial eclipse is a bad eating habit, which is not conducive to nutrient intake and healthy development. Because children are not interested in food, eat less, or only choose their favorite foods, they will lose weight, be sallow and emaciated, have dry skin, and even have anemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, slow pulse, hypotension, malnutrition and so on.

The reasons for partial eclipse are very complicated. It is found that children's partial eclipse and anorexia often appear in the following families: one-child families; Families that pay too much attention to their children's diet and weight, families where parents and children are too dependent and intimate; Families whose parents expect too much from their children; Family atmosphere, especially when eating, will also affect children's eating habits. A pleasant and relaxed atmosphere can promote the appetite of family members, and vice versa. There are: (1) imperative sentences-"eat, eat"; (2) pleading-"Girl, eat more"; (3) Preaching-"Eat well"; (4) urge type-"eat quickly, eat quickly"; (5) Threat-"If you don't eat, you won't be allowed to play".

Some families watch TV while eating, or play while eating, which will distract children from eating. In some families, children eat, and parents stare at him, fearing that he will not have enough to eat and eat well. Slowly, children will regard eating as a threat to adults, and they will exchange their slow eating for the attention and care of adults. The habit formed over time, the more anxious parents let him eat, the less delicious he is.

5. Likes to lie

Lying is a common behavior of children and the result of improper education of parents. Because of their young age, children can't distinguish between reality and imagination, ideals and fantasies. Sometimes he is expressing his intention, but in the eyes of adults, he is lying. Before the age of 4, children measure their behavior by whether their parents are happy or not. For example, the child broke the bowl and thought that the mother would be angry. At this time, he would say: It was the cat that broke the bowl. Children of this age don't realize the nature of their lying behavior.

However, if parents don't notice that their children don't admit their wrong behavior because they are afraid of their parents' anger, and children aged 6-7 don't let them rationally understand the nature and boundaries of behavior and make necessary and patient corrections, they will gradually settle down, form a habit, and evade their responsibilities by lying. So, first of all, parents should not be angry because their children have done something wrong and said something wrong. To create a good democratic family atmosphere and environment, it is not to cultivate children's fear of doing wrong, but to cultivate their psychological quality of daring to tell the truth. Parents should set an example and pay attention to their words and deeds. For example, if parents don't like visitors or phone calls, they will just say, "Tell him I'm not at home." Or if you encounter something you don't want others to know, just say "Don't let * * know". This is actually parents teaching their children to lie. Children are a mirror of adults. They will reflect the success and failure of your education.

Step 6 lose your temper easily

When babies are born, they often cry loudly and move their hands and feet. This kind of child is apt to form a grumpy character. But most children's bad temper is formed by opening their backs. There are many reasons for this. Spoiling, obedient and responsive will make children more and more irritable. If parents also refuse their children's reasonable demands, the children's desires are always beyond their reach, which will also make them grumpy and sometimes hold grudges. Therefore, parents should try their best to meet their reasonable requirements; Persuade unreasonable demands patiently, and don't flatly refuse when the child doesn't know the reason, especially when the child makes a request, and the parents immediately deny it before they finish. This will make children confused about what is reasonable and what is unreasonable, which will affect the improvement of his understanding level and produce the idea that "parents don't agree anyway".

Throwing things

Some children always throw things around the room, and adults always clean up after them. Some children will put things in order, so parents don't have to worry. No matter what kind of behavior is not born, it is cultivated from an early age. Children always like to pick up toys and things and give them to their parents at the age of 2 to prove their ability and win their parents' praise. Generally speaking, children have no habit of packing their own things since childhood. If parents don't pay attention to cultivating their children from an early age, they will take care of them instead, which will affect their independent living ability in the future.

8. stealing

When children grow up, there will always be such negligence, which is often blind, accidental, tentative and curious. Stealing is also a negligent act, but preschool children have no concept of "stealing". For example, sometimes children are hungry and can't find anything to eat, or when they see that other children have "a toy" but they don't, they will use the money in the drawer to buy food or toys. Parents should rationally analyze and find out the reasons. They should not rudely call this kind of behavior "stealing", let alone measure minors by the standards of right and wrong of adults.

Second, measures to cultivate children's good behavior habits

Children's good habits include many aspects, such as: good living habits, study habits, hygiene habits, moral behavior habits, labor habits and so on. As we all know, many habits in people's lives are formed when they are young. Therefore, teaching children to develop good behavior habits plays a very important role in their lives. The educational goals and tasks of kindergartens also put forward corresponding requirements. Then cultivating children's good behavior habits has become one of our important tasks. Now I will talk about my views on how to cultivate children's good behavior habits in combination with my usual work:

(A) in teaching activities and games to cultivate children's good habits.

1. Patience education, explain the truth.

Young children are young and have poor understanding ability, so they should be more patient in education. When reasoning, we should grasp two points: first, we should be clear and not vague. What is right and what is wrong must be clearly explained to the children. Second, be specific and clear. Children are required to be polite to others. Children don't quite understand the meaning of "politeness", so we should tell them to say hello when they meet adults. It is impolite not to say hello: it is also impolite not to call adults by their first names when greeting; When you come to kindergarten in the morning and leave kindergarten at night, you should say hello and goodbye to teachers and parents. If you don't say hello or say goodbye, it's impolite ... if necessary, the teacher can also demonstrate. Through repeated explanations and demonstrations, children can gradually deepen their impressions, form understanding and promote habits.

2. Repeated training to form a habit

The cultivation of children's good habits is closely related to the teacher's guidance in the day's activities. To cultivate children's behavior habits, we should infiltrate and strengthen them bit by bit from every daily activity, every game and every link. Say hello when you see the teacher in the morning; Say "thank you" when accepting others' help; If you accidentally step on someone's foot, say "I'm sorry" to him; Say "goodbye" to teachers and children when leaving the garden; Let children say "good night" to their parents when they fall asleep at night ... When cultivating children to love labor, they are required to learn to do their own things, put on simple clothes, collect toys, wash their faces and brush their teeth. Teachers should demonstrate one action at a time, often holding hands and taking pains to teach. At the same time, children are encouraged to practice repeatedly through teaching AIDS, oral praise and rewards until they master and form good habits.

3. Example education, consolidation and formation

In activities, children often push because of queuing, which leads to disobedience, slapstick, complaining or fighting for toys, monopolizing toys, or the small chair in the room falls down and the small table is tilted and ignored. In this regard, the teacher's oral preaching has little effect, and children are prone to relapse. At this time, teachers can guide children to develop good habits through various activities. For example, children's favorite stories, Little Red Flower looking for a friend, Kong Rong Jean Pear, Three Butterflies, Thanks Little Monkey, the girl who loves desks and chairs, Kong Rong who cares about others, three butterflies who are United and friendly, and the lively and lovely little monkey are deeply engraved in children's hearts, leaving me in my mind like a little girl, butterfly, little monkey and Kong Rong. And let the children know that they should develop good behavior habits of being polite and friendly with their peers in group activities. For another example, when eating, in view of the phenomenon that individual children don't cherish food, don't eat light dishes and are picky about food, we can choose stories such as "Rooster Leaks", children's songs such as "Hole in the Chin" and ancient poems such as "Wo He" to cultivate children's good habits of not enjoying, loving and respecting the fruits of others' labor. In this way, children can slowly accept and master the correct practices under the influence of various examples, and form certain laws.

4. Pay attention to methods and guide the situation.

The child's idea is simple. They don't have a clear concept of what is right and wrong, what to do and what not to do. Teachers and parents need to guide them correctly and slowly so that they can distinguish right from wrong. But children also have their own self-esteem. Blindly blaming will only cause children's rebellious psychology and affect their healthy physical and mental development. Paying attention to correcting any small behavior mistakes of children is a link that cannot be ignored in cultivating children's good habits. Children often develop bad behavior habits from small mistakes.

These things often happen in daily life: some children easily lose their temper, lying on the ground and desperately stepping on the floor with their little feet, crying and shouting; When some children like to play with certain toys, they must be given unconditionally ... these behaviors cannot be tolerated and allowed to develop. We use patient reasoning, emotional comfort, distraction and other methods to appease children.

We found that children in small classes have bad habits, don't concentrate on eating, look around and eat slowly. There are more and more phenomena of talking during meals in middle and large classes. It is not a good way to solve the problem only by relying on the teacher's reminder. It is necessary to mobilize children's internal factors, stimulate children's self-motivation, make children become passive and active, and consciously abide by discipline, so our kindergarten has the "best dining table". How to be the "best dining table"? There are standards in the garden, that is, eat carefully, don't talk, don't procrastinate and don't be picky about food. Every child who wins the honor of "Best Table" can get a small red flower. The teacher also put forward requirements for the whole class of children, and those who have made great progress can also get the title of "best dining table". More people have improved, and we can also choose two "best dining tables". After a period of time, children are no longer reminded by teachers everywhere as before, bad habits are reduced a lot, and eating is no longer a problem for children. Practice has proved that as long as appropriate educational methods are adopted, children will be easy to accept and can control their behavior well.

5. Activities edify and develop in an all-round way

Games are children's leading activities, and children are happy, active and receptive in games. Children can learn to correctly handle the relationship between people through games, and it is easier to form some good qualities, such as honesty, courtesy, love, optimism, self-confidence, firmness, modesty, tolerance and responsibility. Therefore, teachers can design various game activities according to educational needs. If we want to cultivate the good habit of arranging toys, we can design a situational performance "Doll's House" to let children feel the messy scene of toys, and then let them arrange toys, experience the benefits of a clean environment, and let them understand the importance of arranging toys. You can also use the form of students on duty to guide children to constantly sort out their toys every day.

Not only that, we also use special festivals to cultivate children's good habits, such as "March 8" Festival. We hold festivals for mothers to let children experience maternal love and cultivate children's good quality of respecting their parents. During the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" period, lead children to carry out grave-sweeping activities, remember the martyrs, and cultivate children's qualities of cherishing a happy life, cherishing time, saving food and resisting setbacks; On May 1 ST Labor Day, we ask children to do what they can and cultivate the habit of loving labor. On Children's Day, let children think about how to celebrate their own festivals and cultivate the habit of self-selection and self-management. Use festivals such as Teacher's Day, Thanksgiving Day and New Year's Day to cultivate children's good habits such as gratitude, expression and communication.

(b) Cultivate children's good habits in daily life.

1. Lifelike courses, activities and games.

The age characteristics of children determine that life games and learning in kindergartens are inseparable. Children from three to six years old are in a period of rapid physical, intellectual, emotional and social development, and spend most of their time in kindergartens, where most of their life experiences will be gained. However, children's age characteristics determine that they need to study and live better through games. In the process of guiding children's learning, teachers must choose the content closely related to their lives, and help children build accumulated experience through continuous operation, exploration, repetition and continuation. For example, when I was teaching my children to play "colored candy" games, I divided them into six groups and five groups. Each group distributes a few pieces of one material and makes candies of different shapes and colors, and it is stipulated to eat them within five minutes. Then, the more candy is put in the basket designated by the teacher, the more they win. During the game, each group needs to replace the redundant materials with their own tools, so that children can not only learn the good behavior habits of collective cooperation, but also learn the good moral character of independent thinking and not being afraid of difficulties in happy games. It has achieved the effect that children are happy in middle school and happy in learning.

2. Give priority to encouragement and less punishment.

Teachers should look at each child horizontally during the day's activities, find their bright spots, praise more and punish less. A philosopher said: "Give me the worst student, as long as he is not mentally retarded, I can turn him into an excellent student." When someone asked him the secret of success, he said, "In fact, it is very simple, that is, praise." Children are eager for adults to evaluate their behavior, and they are also very sensitive to adults' evaluation. They always like to get positive comments, even a kind look, smile, gentle touch, nod, hug, kiss and so on. For example, the class I teach is a small class, and the children's behavior habits are very poor, some are not United and friendly, some are unsanitary, some are impolite, and some have no habit of tidying up toys. In view of the actual situation of this class, I took an action of "I am most capable of running for office every day". The children in this class are elected, tell their own advantages, and then raise their hands to vote. More than half of the children in this class were elected. Finally, the teacher concluded that many children who were not selected today did well, and some places may not be good enough. I hope I can continue to work hard to be elected tomorrow. This will not make the unsuccessful child feel depressed like others, but also educate him to get rid of bad behavior habits.

3. Be gentle and avoid rudeness.

A good teacher's demeanor will affect a child's life. Teachers are role models for children to learn. Therefore, teachers should set an example and establish a good teacher image. Children will imitate the teacher's words and deeds, and a gentle teacher will often win the children's love. When children do something wrong, teachers should care about them patiently and meticulously, instead of reprimanding them rudely and helping them get rid of bad habits. For example, once, when I took my children to play with "Three Lambs", I found that the headdress of the big sheep was missing, so I asked strangely, "Kid, where did the big sheep go?" Hurry and find it. " No sooner had I finished than I found that the child with money suddenly blushed. When he saw me looking at him, he quickly hid the headdress. I added: "I know a child who likes playing with big sheep best, so big sheep has gone to find him." Do we welcome him? " At this time, everyone looked at the "big sheep" with strange eyes. And he came up. I touched his little head, put a headdress on him and started playing games. I smiled, and so did he.

4. Cultivate sentiment with literature

The power of example is infinite. Beautiful literature can not only cultivate children's sentiment, but also make them understand what is true, good and beautiful. Educate them to be a good student with excellent academic performance. For example, there is a little boy in my class who doesn't care about hygiene. Every day when he comes to kindergarten, he has everything in his pocket. Every day, he will check whether there are many messy things in his bed. The teacher told him several times that he was still the same. In view of this situation, I spend ten minutes every day saying to my children, "Who do you like?" "Little pig is clean", "Mother River is crying" and so on. Please ask the school doctor to have a health class once a week. After a while, he really changed a lot. His classmates like to play with him, and his teacher likes to be good friends with him.

Good behavior habits are very important for children's life development. Some people say, "Habit can make or break you". Early childhood education is enlightenment education. As an educator, we should grasp every detail of children's daily life and pay attention to cultivating their good behavior habits.

(3) Be a good parent and let parents and teachers cultivate their children together.

Family is not only a living environment for children, but also an important educational environment. For young children, the time spent at home accounts for about two-thirds of their life time. Therefore, family education plays a very important role in the development of children's good habits.

The formation of children's good behavior habits is inseparable from the guidance of teachers and the edification of families. The reason is simple: children are constantly developing and changing physically and psychologically, and their behavior habits have not really formed. The behavior pattern accepted in kindergarten, if parents don't cooperate, children may soon abandon it when they get home. Therefore, kindergarten education can not be separated from the cooperation and supplement of families. Children are plastic and imitative, and parents' words and deeds play a subtle role in their growth. To this end, we regularly invite experts to the park to provide tutoring guidance and training for the parents of the whole park, and ask parents to adopt appropriate educational methods, carefully care for and guide their children, and gradually develop good behavior habits.

In order to synchronize family education, we pay attention to guiding parents to create a good family education environment. First of all, parents are required to create and maintain a harmonious, happy and respectful family atmosphere. Let children feel warm and happy in such a warm family, feel emotional stability, be influenced by love, and sprout self-confidence and self-motivation; Secondly, it is required to create a beautiful and clean family environment. Let children sprout good behavior habits such as love cleanliness, care for things, and rules of life from an early age; Moreover, the teacher's education model extends to family education, and what children are asked to do in kindergarten is also asked to do at home. In order to consolidate good behavior habits. At the same time, we also hired teachers with professional experience in parent-child activities to teach, creating colorful parent-child activities for parents and children, and providing opportunities for parents and children to get closer, understand and communicate. Our garden holds a parent-child activity once a month, which is rich and colorful, including the display of teaching achievements, the design and use of teaching AIDS, the parent-child paradise, the performance of literary reports, and the exchange of parents' experiences.

William james, a world-famous psychologist, famously said: Sow an action and reap a habit; Sow a habit and reap a character; Sow a character and reap a destiny. Habits are very important to a person's life. The era we live in is an era of rapid development. We all hope to train our children into excellent people and let them live a healthy and happy life, so that our society can progress and our country can have hope. Therefore, we should start with cultivating children's good habits and strengthen their ideological and moral education, which is the most precious lifelong wealth we leave our children!

Main references:

1, Early Childhood Education, May, July and August 2003.

2. Excerpted from Children, No.4, 2007.

3. Early Childhood Education Home Education Edition (No.1 1, 2006)