Three-inch golden lotus area
Precious cultural relics in various historical periods were collected, and hand-made works in the "Lotus" period were recorded, with a long history.
Minority areas
Collected the minority shoe models collected by Qidu Bird for many years, and exhibited more than 200 pairs of shoes of 56 ethnic minorities. The gorgeous and colorful shoemaking technology of old shoes is amazing. Among these exhibits with rich styles and exquisite craftsmanship, many of them have been handed down from generation to generation, which is amazing and fully demonstrates the variety and long history of China's shoe accessories.
Historical evolution museum
Throughout the ages, from the origin to the present, the history of China's footwear industry has been presented magnificently. According to the development of China's history, the shoes of the Neolithic Age, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were displayed one by one, as if we could see the long history of China for 5,000 years. At the same time, the museum also combines shoes with folk culture to show the inheritance of footwear culture in China.
Shoes and words
In China, the relationship between shoes and words is very close, and there are many names in different times and regions, such as:
Xi (Xi), the name of a heavy wooden soled shoe in early China, is a noble shoe often worn by emperors and ministers. Most of them are made of animal skins or silk, with a thick wooden board as the bottom, and some of them are waxed to prevent moisture. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a hierarchy. The emperors were all red, followed by red, white and black. The queen's cup is also thick-bottomed, red, blue and yuan, with hemp in summer and animal skins in winter.
Chrysanthemum, there is a saying in the Book of Songs, "Fight with righteousness and frost", in which chrysanthemum refers to a relatively simple single-soled shoe made of hemp and kudzu.
Footwear is a kind of shoes woven from grass, hemp and kudzu vine in the early days. There is a saying in Shuowen that "the shoes depend on the feet". It is a common name for shoes after the Han Dynasty.
And shoes, boots and so on.
Not only that, shoes and China culture are also integrated with each other. There are many things related to shoes in idioms, literary works and even modern folk songs, cross talks and sketches. Through shoes, we can get a glimpse of the cultural, economic and social development of a certain period, nationality and region in China. Unfortunately, although China started the production of shoes very early, the production technology of leather shoes is still imported from Europe.
With the progress of society and science and technology, the cultural connotation of shoes is getting richer and richer, and ideas and skills are permeated from brand naming to product design, technical management, staff training, quality inspection, product packaging and marketing strategy. China's shoe culture and footwear industry are facing severe challenges. Facing the impact of globalization, we are looking forward to the development of shoe culture in China and shoe history in China. ...
In the early 1950s, with the start of china rubber industry, our army changed from wearing cloth shoes to wearing liberation shoes. Jiefang shoes have become the main shoes of our army and have been worn for more than 50 years. For more than 50 years, it has played an important role in military operations, training, productive labor and daily life.
Because liberation shoes are made of pure cotton and the uppers and soles are not strong, soldiers often "wear out five or six pairs of liberation shoes a year". In addition, the air permeability and moisture permeability of liberation shoes are poor, which is easy to breed bacteria and often emits an unpleasant smell. Some soldiers even suffer from beriberi infection, which affects their training.
In order to solve this problem, the vast number of researchers began to tackle key problems for 20 years. 1997 The Military Supplies Department of the General Logistics Department set up a research group on new training shoes. After hundreds of experiments, the new training shoes finally made a major breakthrough in the key technology of 10. In order to enhance the wear resistance of new training shoes, they developed new applied chemical fiber materials; In order to solve the antibacterial and deodorizing problems of new training shoes, they added antibacterial and deodorizing agents to the fabrics; In order to reduce the weight of shoes, they developed a new material of short fiber reinforced foam rubber, and adopted the world-advanced new shoe-making technology to make the new training shoes comfortable and beautiful.
Shoe customization and wedding
As the saying goes, "People with diligent legs live long, while those with healthy feet are strong." . Health preservation, health care and longevity are the most concerned issues of today's mankind. Foot health care can eliminate diseases and prolong life, and the key to foot health care is warmth, moisture absorption and ventilation. Pure cotton or silk cloth shoes can keep dry, prevent germs from surviving, reduce foot diseases, and achieve the purpose of eliminating diseases and prolonging life.
Marriage is an important event in life, and shoe culture plays an important role in wedding culture. And with its unique color and decoration, it plays a certain role. The wedding shoes worn in the bridal chamber are mainly red and crimson, and the uppers are embroidered with auspicious patterns. China's shoe customs are closely related to weddings. The homonym of "shoes" and "harmony" is homophonic with the old "together", which symbolizes harmony. In the past, people often used shoes to wish the newlyweds a long life together, and put a mirror and a pair of shoes in the gift. Because ancient mirrors were made of copper, they meant "harmony (shoes) and (bronze mirrors) to the old age", and some of them were given genre paintings of shoes and bronze mirrors. In some areas, the newlyweds have to walk through a sack to spread the floor before the wedding, and then exchange shoes to show the fate of sharing joys and sorrows. A pair of wedding bride shoes, also known as three-inch golden lotus, reflects that the education of parents to their children in ancient China is very secretive, implicit and civilized. "Three-inch golden lotus shoes" are sleeping shoes for ancient brides when they entered the bridal chamber. There are erotic pictures of men and women having sex in shoes, which is a hidden way for parents to educate newlyweds about sex. It is also unique in the world to use shoes as a symbol of sex. Pre-marital education with sleeping shoes on the wedding night is a manifestation in the history of sexual civilization education in China.
Zuxia culture
Etiquette in shoes
During the Zhou Dynasty, people observed the custom of taking off their shoes and entering the room, and most of them walked barefoot indoors in their daily lives. According to Zuo Zhuan, Xuan Di was fourteen years old: "Zi Chu heard about it and committed suicide in the room." It means that the king of Chu was not in his room on business, so he didn't wear shoes. Was chased to the room (that is, the bedroom door) and then put on by the king of Chu. Also, "Liezi" contains: "The guest will sue Liezi and Liezi will leave." This shows that the ancients wore no shoes indoors and walked barefoot. If you wear shoes and go to the temple to watch you go to court, you will die.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a story about Jin Ping, Duke of Jin Ping, who summoned Shi Kuang, but Shi Kuang did not leave the classroom. Gong Ping was very angry and said, "Who goes to court without taking off their shoes?" At that time, when courtiers appeared before the king, they also took off their shoes and put them outside the temple. If you don't follow this custom, it will bring disaster. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" contains: On one occasion, when he was ill, he sent someone to Song State to welcome him back. Wenzhi hurried to the palace, forgot to take off his shoes, and went to bed to ask about Hou Yi's illness. The King of Qi got up at the same time and prepared to eat Wen Zhi raw. According to Zuo Zhuan's twenty-five years of mourning for the public, "Wei Hou was drinking with the doctor, and Chu Shi phonon (Ge Ji) came to the table, and the public clapped his hand in anger and said,' I broke his foot'." In the above two cases, both of them were afraid of being broken and cooked because they did not take off their shoes. At that time, only the trusted ministers of high officials in the palace could have the special treatment of wearing shoes to see you in the temple.
Qin and Han dynasties also inherited the custom of entering the house without shoes. Instead, they took off their shoes outside the steps and entered the house barefoot. According to the New Preface, Hu Hai and Qin Ershi invited several people from Kundi to give a banquet, and gave a banquet for the ministers. Philosophers give food first. After Hu Hai stepped down, he looked at the shoes that ministers took off. If he finds that some of them are worn out with age, he will be expelled from the party at once.
By the Western Han Dynasty, the etiquette and custom of taking off shoes were still circulating. There is such a description about feasting in Biography of Historian Funny: "At sunset, the wine stops and the wine bottle promotes sitting. Men and women sit at the same table, and they are staggered, and the cups and plates are messy. " What is reflected here is the scene where people put shoes and mats outside the door during the banquet. In addition, "The Story of the Han Dynasty" records: "Victory aims to make people live in houses. Once, I heard that Juan came without a doubt. Because of his popularity, I am eager to win. " The ancient teacher said: I can't keep up, I said (Pi He). "Because time is pressing, I took my shoes and dragged them outside. This shows that there is still a saying that shoes are taken off indoors.
The Han dynasty also stipulated that guilty people were not allowed to walk. "The Biography of Han Kuang Heng" said: "Tianjun made the messenger wear a crown and do his duty." In addition, "Biography of Dong Xian": "(Xian) does not wear a hat." This can prove that everyone who waits for sin comes on foot.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, you still had to take off your shoes and go barefoot when you entered the room. There is a saying in the Biography of Shu Wei Yeh Zhen that "the sword is given to the temple", indicating that everyone had to take off their shoes when they went to the temple. He is used to taking off his shoes indoors even when he is away from home. "Biography of Yuan Dynasty" notes: "Taizu went to Jiao Tong for the northern expedition. Taizu was frightened and got up to meet the original. " "Shi Shuo" said: "Wang Ziyou Amethyst brothers, * * * sitting together, suddenly became angry, and Yu Zi ran away without hesitation. Zi Xu Jing helped the waiter out. " It says "don't be afraid to take shoes" here, but if you enter the room on the contrary, you will trip. Xie once again stopped trying to lie on his back. Xie Gong died early in the morning, unable to cover his clothes, and tiptoed out of the house. This last sentence also shows that the custom of leaving home was still held at that time.
In terms of etiquette norms, such as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there are also differences in etiquette when facing shoes and wearing clothes. Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties followed the ancient ceremony, showing respect by wearing shoes, and being as lenient as possible. Various important occasions, such as visiting relatives and friends, banquets, etc. You must wear shoes instead of clothes, otherwise it will be considered "contempt". "Shu Qi Cai Yue Biography" contains: Cai Yue is highly valued by Gao Zu. "As an assistant minister, a hundred officials will leave their seats and will not change." Explain that Cai Yue only has this privilege when he is in an important position. "Yuedong Notes" contains: Guangzhou men are frivolous and have long skirts. Everyone calls them skirt teenagers, so it's cheap. By the Tang Dynasty, the custom of taking off shoes indoors had changed, but there was still the custom of taking off shoes on some occasions. Fayuan Zhu Lin 28: "If you are white, you will be proud of having more boots and shoes. You don't have to take off your shoes when you first enter the temple. When you enter the Buddhist temple, you have to take off your shoes. "
Little shoes make a great life.
Tiger-headed shoes are a kind of children's shoes, because the toe looks like the head of a tiger, so they are called tiger-headed shoes. Tiger-headed shoes are complicated in workmanship, just embroider the tiger's head, pluck the hair and remove the seeds. The color of the upper is mainly red and yellow, and the tiger's mouth, eyebrows, nose and eyes are often outlined with thick lines, exaggerating the ferocity of the tiger. When folk make this kind of shoes, rabbit hair is often used as the shoe mouth. Tiger ears, tiger eyes and other edges, red and yellow. White mixed with clear outline. Children wear tiger-headed shoes, rabbit hair flutters with the wind, and the tiger's head has a sense of movement. Tiger-headed shoes have large soles with nine diamond-shaped broken flowers inserted in them. Nine broken flowers are called nine balls, which means "nine points."
The time to wear tiger-headed shoes is about one year old. At this time, children are eager to walk, but they can't do without the help of adults. At this time, parents put a pair of tiger-headed shoes on their children. The more important reason is that people think that the tiger is the king of beasts. Wearing tiger-headed shoes can ward off evil spirits, protect children's health and protect adults.
There is also an interesting story about wearing tiger-headed shoes. Legend has it that there is a boatman named Shi on the bank of the Yellow River. He is ready to help others and never asks for money to ferry people across the river. One day, an old woman crossed the river in the rain and asked her daughter-in-law to deliver the baby. Who knows she just walked to the river. When the wind blows and the rain blows, it hurts like an explosion. When the boatman surnamed Shi saw this, he helped the grandmother into the house to rest and invited a midwife for her. After the rain cleared, grandma's daughter-in-law gave birth to a big fat boy. Thank you very much. Grandma sent a photo to the boatman. The picture shows a delicate girl embroidering tiger's head shoes. The boatman liked it very much and posted it in his cabin.
From then on, the boatman drove the boat home, and there was always a beautiful girl waiting for him to cook. It turns out that this girl is the daughter of the Emperor of Heaven, who sent her to earth to marry the boatman. A year later, they had a son named Shi Hu.
A few years later, it was known that the boatman married the beautiful woman in the painting. On this day, the county magistrate came to the ferry and saw that the boatman's wife was beautiful and wanted to take her as his concubine. The boatman's wife saw that the county magistrate had ulterior motives, so she accepted the mortal body and returned to the painting. The county magistrate grabbed the painting and put it on the bed. However, no matter how sweet the county magistrate talks, the beauty in the painting just won't come down.
Xiaohu has been crying for her mother at home. The grandmother who sent the painting told the boatman to let Xiaohu's aunt make a pair of tiger's head shoes. When Tiger wears them, she can find her mother. Tiger mother made tiger head shoes overnight according to grandma's instructions. The tiger put it on, as light as a swallow, and immediately flew to the county boundary. See the county magistrate. Tiger shoes turned into tigers, killing the county magistrate and the boatman's wife. Seeing Tiger coming to save her, she jumped down from the painting and happily followed Tiger home.
People still think that tiger-headed shoes can keep the devil safe, so everyone should make a pair of tiger-headed shoes for their children. Some areas also pay attention to wearing three pairs of tiger-headed shoes, and keep the custom of letting my aunt make three pairs of tiger-headed shoes of different colors for my nephew. As the saying goes: "The head is double blue (homophonic, that is, it is not very favorable), two pairs of red (red can ward off evil spirits and avoid disasters), and two pairs of purple are finished (that is, the children at home grow up)." With blue, red and purple tiger-headed shoes, children will be safe and sound.