Pausanius (also known as Pausanias) was born in Lydia, Asia Minor, and traveled to Macedonia, Jerusalem, Egypt and Rome, and wrote down the experience of seeing the ruins of Troy, which was a particularly important journey for later archaeologists, most of whom were heinrich schliemann, who tried to prove that Troy was more than a myth. His most famous work is the ten-volume Greek Narrative, which records his travels in this country and cities in detail. This work was completed between 15 degrees centigrade. 170.
Pausanius's detailed description of ancient Greek statues, monuments, temples and buildings is fascinating, because those buildings and monuments that still exist are completely in line with his description; So it can be assumed that the buildings he described that no longer exist are the same as those he recorded. Therefore, Pausanius is still one of the most important writers in ancient times and provides a valuable guide to ancient Greek cities for modern readers.
In the following paragraphs, Pausanius extracts his description of Greece, leading the reader from Piraeus Port, through Athens and all the way to the Acropolis, and noticing interesting statues and historical fragments along the way. Any reader who has traveled this same route in modern times will recognize it from Pausanius's description of nearly 2000 years ago. Self-taught translator WHS· Jones' description of Greece.
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[1. 1. 1] On the Greek mainland facing cyclades and the Aegean Sea, Cape Sunium stands out in this attic land. When you bypass the Cape of Good Hope, you will see a harbor and a temple of Athena, dedicated to Sunim at the peak of the Cape of Good Hope. Farther away is Laurim, where the Athenians once owned silver mines, and there is an uninhabited island called Patroclus. Because a fortification was built on it, and a fence was built by Admiral Patroclus, who commanded the Egyptian warship. Ptolemy, the son of Ptolemy and Lagos, was sent to help the Athenians. When antigone, the son of Demetrius, led an army to invade their country and stopped them at sea with a fleet.
A long time ago, Perez was a parish, although it was not a port before Themistocles became a consul.
Piraeus
Perrieus was an early parish, although it was not a port before Themistocles became archon of Athens. Their port is Philum, because the sea here is closest to Athens. It is said that menezes and his fleet set sail from here to Troy, and then to theseus. At that time, he went to Minos to compensate Angos for his death. However, when Chris, a local Misto, became consul, he designated Pelefos as the port of Athens because he thought it was more suitable for sailors and had three ports instead of one port in Fallujah. Until my time, there were docks, and the biggest port was a tomb near Themistocles. Because it is said that the Athenians regretted treating Themistocles, his relatives brought his bones back from Magney. Themistocles's children must have come back and set up a painting with a portrait of Themistocles in the Parthenon.
[1. 1.3] The most noteworthy scene of Perez is the area of Athena and Zeus. Their statues are all bronze; Zeus holds a scepter and a sword of victory, and Athena holds a spear. This is a portrait of Leosthenes and his sons, painted by Arcellus. This Leosthenes led the Athenians and the United Greeks to defeat the Macedonians in Pio, once again forcing them to enter lamia against Ota outside Cyprus, and leaving them there. This portrait is located in a long porch, which provides a market for people who live by the sea-people who are far away from the harbor have another market-but behind the porch near the sea, there stands a statue of Zeus and a statue of Demos, which is the work of Leochales. Conon of Samos of Samos built a temple for Aphrodite by the sea after defeating the ancient Spartan warships near Knidos in Caria Peninsula. Because the people of Cnidium have great respect for Aphrodite, there is a goddess temple; The oldest is her Doritis (generosity), followed by Acraea (height), and the latest is Aphrodite. Most men call it Cnidian, but Cnidian himself is called Euploia (fair navigation).
[1. 1.4] The Athenians also had a port. In Munichia, there is a temple of Artemis in Munichia, and there is also a temple in Fallrum. As I have said, there is a Demeter sanctuary near it. There is also the temple of Athena Silas, the temple of Zeus in the distance, and an altar of unknown gods, heroes, children of theseus and Philotes; Because the Athenians said this Philarus sailed to Korcz with Jason. There is also an altar, which is the altar of Andrew Rojos, the son of Minos, although it is called the altar of Giraud; However, anyone who pays special attention to studying his own cultural relics knows that it belongs to Androcles.
[1. 1.5] Twenty paces away is Corea de Cape; On it, when the Persian fleet was destroyed, the wreckage was washed down by the waves. This is a portrait of Corea de Aphrodite and what they call the "goddess of genes". I think the goddess Fokien in Ionia, which they call Gennaides, is the same as the goddess Corrias. On the way from Philum to Athens, there is a temple of Hera without doors and roofs. People say that Brias's son Madoni uz burned it. But today, the image there is reported to be the work of Alcamenes, so in any case, the Persians can't destroy it.
Suburbs and city walls
[1.2. 1] After entering the city, there is an Amazon Antiop Monument. Pindar said that this Antiop was taken away by Peritos and theseus, but Herr Ghias of Teresen described her like this. Hercules surrounded Kula and themis, but could not conquer it. But Antiope fell in love with theseus who helped Hercules fight and handed over the fortress. This is Hegel's narrative. But the Athenians asserted that when the Amazonians arrived, Antiop was shot by Mo Padia and Mo Padia was killed by theseus. For Moore Padia, the Athenians also have a monument.
[1.2.2] Climbing from Perrieus, you will see the ruins of the city wall, which was restored by Conon of Samos of Samos after the naval battle of Nidos. Because the buildings built in Themistocles after the Persian retreat were destroyed during the thirty-year rule. There are many famous tombs along the road, such as the tomb of Meinander, the son of Diopus, and the euripides Monument. He went to see King Archie himself and was buried in Macedonia. As for how he died (many people have described it), just as they said.
[1.2.3] Therefore, even in his time, the poet lived in the king's court, just like earlier, Anacreon made an alliance with the tyrant Pollack of Samos, and Aeschylus and Simonides went to Yero in Syracuse. Dionysus later became the absolute monarch of Sicily, with Philok senas in his court, while the Macedonian ruler Antigonus owned Antagoras in Rhode Island and Alatas in Soli. However, hesiod and Homer either failed to win the king's society or deliberately despised it. Hesiod was rude and unwilling to travel, while Homer went away from home, which compared with his reputation among ordinary people, belittled the help provided by the autocratic monarch in acquiring wealth. But Homer also let de modoc live in the court of Achilles, while Agamemnon left the poet and his wife. Not far from the city gate, there is a grave, on which a cavalry is riding. I don't know who it is, but both horses and soldiers were carved by Plasi terrace.
Demetrius temple
[1.2.4] After entering the city, there is a building in preparation for * * *, sometimes once a year, sometimes at a long interval. Not far away is the temple of Demeter, which contains portraits of the goddess herself and her daughter, as well as Aix holding the torch. On the wall, it is written in attic font that they are the works of Praxiteles. Not far from the temple is Poseidon on horseback. He is throwing a spear at the giant Polly portes. About Polly Botes, there is a story about Cape Ceroni among the Cohen people. But the inscription of our time assigned the statue to another person, not Poseidon. There is a porch from the gate to Cerameicus, and there are some famous bronze statues of men and women in front of the gate.
[1.2.5] One of the porches contains the temple of the gods and a gymnasium named Hermes. Inside is the Prudion Palace. It is said that the most famous Athenians held a mysterious ceremony here, imitating the mysterious ceremony of Ulysses. But in my time, it was dedicated to Dionysus. They call it Dionysus Melbo Milotic, and its principle is the same as that of Apollo Muse. There are statues of Athena (healer), Zeus, Menemexining (memory) and Muse, as well as sacrifices and works of Apollo and Aubriet Des, and Ake Rotouss, the patron saint of Apollo. This is just a face of him working on the wall. Behind the Apollo area is a building with pottery, the king of Athens, the feast of Dionysus and images of other gods. And Eliuthere's flying horse, who introduced God to the Athenians. In this respect, he was helped by the Oracle of Delphi, which reminded people that this god lived in Athens during the time of Kalius.
[1.2.6] Amphition thus won the kingdom. It is said that Axius is now the first king of Attica. After his death, his son-in-law, Keke Pross, succeeded to the throne. He gave birth to two daughters, Hesse, Agrelos and Panderosus, and a son, Erisi Teon. This son did not become the king of Athens, but died when his father was still alive, and the kingdom of Kelxos fell into the hands of Kranos, the most powerful Athenian. They said Kranos had daughters, including Arthas; They named the country Attica after her, which was previously named Aktai. Antion rebelled against Kranos. Although he was married and had children, he was kicked off the stage. Later, he himself was exiled by Olek Tonius and his rebel associates. People say that erich Tonius has no human father, but his parents are hephaestus and the earth.
Keramix
[1.3.1] The name of the Cerameicus district comes from the hero Ceramus, who is also the son of the famous Dionysus and Ariadne. The first one on the right is the so-called royal porch, where the king sits when he is the annual office called kingship. There are images of baked pottery on the tiles of this porch. Theseus threw West Brown into the sea, and Dai took West Brown away. They said that Sefil was very beautiful and was fascinated by Dai. He fell in love with Dai. His son is Phaeton. .. send a guardian to protect her temple. This is the story told by hesiod and others in their poems about women.
Standing near the porch, Conon of Samos of Samos, his son Timothy theseus and the Cypriot king Eva Golas asked King Ada Xue Xisi to hand over the Phoenician battleship to Conon of Samos of Samos. As an Athenian, he did this. His blood ties him to Salamis, because his blood can be traced back to Teutonic and Sinilas' daughters. Here stands Zeus, known as the God of Freedom Zeus and Emperor Hadrian. He is the benefactor of all his subjects, especially Athens.
[1.3.3] The porch was built in the back with the portraits of the twelve gods on it. Theseus, democracy and Demos are painted on the opposite wall. This painting depicts theseus as a man who gave political equality to the Athenians. People also spread the news among the people in other ways, that is, theseus granted the people the right to * * *, and from his time, the people have been under democracy until peisistratus uprising became an autocratic monarch. However, there are many wrong beliefs among the human masses, because they know nothing about historical science and think that everything they have heard in chorus and tragedy since childhood is credible; One of them is about theseus. In fact, he became king himself. Later, after Menelaus' death, theseus's descendants remained rulers until the fourth generation. However, if I care about tracing the genealogy, I should include kings other than these in the list, from Morantos to Hermes's son Cledius.
[1.3.4] This is a photo of the achievements of the Athenians in Laci, near Mantinha, and they were sent by the Athenians to help the dreamers. Xenophon and others wrote the whole history of the war-the capture of Kadmia, the failure of Raj dreamer in Lucretia, how Viotia invaded the Peloponnesus, and the detachment sent to Raj dreamer from Athens. The picture shows a cavalry battle, in which the most famous figures are Grirus, son of Xenophon, an Athenian, and Thebes, a cavalry in Viotia, Epaminondas. These paintings were painted by Euflaneur for the Athenians, and he also carved Apollo named Patrous in a nearby temple. There is a statue of Apollo made by Leo Charles in front of the temple; Another Apollo, called the Evil Dodger, was made in Caramis. They said that this god got the name because he stopped the plague that plagued Athens during the Peloponnesian War through Delphi's Oracle.
[1.3.5] There is also a temple of the mother of the gods. Image courtesy of Pheidias. Not far away is the conference hall called "500 people", who have been members of Athens for one year. There are wooden statues of Zeus and Apollo consultants, works by Percy AS, and Demos by Leeson. *** othetae (legislator) was drawn by the original gene of Cornian, and Olbia described Calippe, who led the Athenians to the hot spring pass to prevent Gauls from invading Greece. Ewa Golas was the king of Salamis, who ruled from 4 10 BC to 374 BC. He was partial to the Athenians and helped Conon of Samos of Samos defeat the Spartan fleet near Nidos in 394 BC.
popular
[1.4. 1] These Gauls live in the most remote areas of Europe, close to the sea that can't sail to its end, and the ebb and flow of tides and organisms are completely different from other oceans. The river in the constellation Bojiang runs through their country, and the daughters of Helius (Sun) should mourn the fate of their brother Phaeton on the river bank. The name "Gaul" became popular very late. Because in ancient times, they and others called them Celts. One of their troops regrouped and turned to the Ionian Sea, depriving the Illyrians of their property. They lived with Macedonians in distant Macedonia and occupied Thessaly. When they approached the hot spring pass, the Greeks generally didn't take any action to stop the barbarians from invading, because they had been defeated by Alexander and Philip. In addition, Antipat and Cassander later defeated the Greeks, so that every country was ashamed because it was weak and did not participate in defending the country.
[1.4.2] But the Athenians went to the hot spring pass with the Greeks who joined them, although they were more tired than any Greek in the long Macedonian war and usually lost in the battle. They made Kalipei, and I mentioned their general. They occupied the narrowest mountain pass and tried to prevent foreigners from entering Greece. But the Celtics discovered the road that Ephialtes of Trakys had led the Persians. They defeated the Fokki stationed there and crossed the Oetta River without being noticed by the Greeks.
[1.4.3] Then, the Athenians put the Greeks under the greatest obligation, and despite being outflanked, they resisted foreigners on both sides. But the Athenians in the fleet suffered the most, because Ramian Bay is a swamp near the hot spring pass-I think the reason is that the hot water here flows into the sea. These people were even worse at the time; In order to get the Greeks on board, they were forced to sail in the mud because their weapons and personnel were heavy.
[1.4.4] So they tried to save Greece as described, but now the Gauls south of Gates don't care about occupying other towns at all, but are very eager to rob Delphi and the treasure of God. They were opposed by the Delphi people themselves and the Fokki people in the cities around Nassau. An Ethiopian army also joined the garrison, because at this time, Ethiopians stood out because of their active activities. When the troops were fighting, not only thunder and lightning and stones falling from PaNasos Mountain hit Gauls, but also the terrible appearance of soldiers with live ammunition troubled foreigners. They said that two of them, Hyperochus and Amadocus, were from Hyperboreans, and the third was Pilars, son of Achilles. Because of this help in the battle, the Delphi people sacrificed Pyrrhus as a hero, although they even thought his grave was the enemy's grave and had been insulted before.
[1.4.5] More Gauls crossed Asia by boat and plundered its coast. After a while, the residents of Pagamos, that is, the residents of Rania in old Tesser, drove the Gauls from the sea to this area. Now, these people have occupied the country on the other side of the Sangarius River, and occupied Ansella, a city of Phrygians, which was founded by Midas, the son of Goldie. Even when I went to the temple of Zeus, Midas found the anchor, and there was a spring called Midas Spring. They say Midas mixed water and wine to catch Silenos. Therefore, Pei Gamini occupied Ansila and Pei Cinos at the foot of the Agadisi Mountain, and they said that Attis was buried there.
They have the spoils of Gaul and a painting depicting their actions against Gaul. They said that the land they lived in was a sacred place for Carberry people in ancient times, and they claimed that they were Acadians and belonged to those who entered Asia with Telefoss. About the war they started, except for their three most remarkable achievements, no news was released to the world; Conquering Asian coastal areas, expelling Gauls, Telefoss exploited Agamemnon's followers. At that time, after losing Troy, the Greeks were plundering the Mei 'an Plain, and considered it the territory of Troy. Now I will come back from my digression.
Tolos
[1.5.1] Near the 500-person conference hall is the so-called Tholos (round house); This is the presidential altar, and there are several small silver statues. A statue of a hero stands further away, from which the name of the Athenian tribe comes. He founded ten tribes instead of four, and changed their old names to new ones-all this was said by Herodotus.
The namesake-this is the name given to them-is the son of Poseidon and the daughter of Celsi Weng, Elop. Antioch Ocuss is a child of Heracles, born to Fuehles's daughter Meda. Thirdly, Ajax, the son of Telamon, belongs to Leo. It is said that for national security, he was ordered by the Oracle. Erechtheus, with the same name as Erechtheus, conquered the Elites in battle and killed Imara Doss, the son of their general Oedipus. And Aeneas, illegitimate son of Egers and Pandion, and Akamas, son of Theseus.
[1.5.3] I also saw the statues of Cerklopp and Pandion with the same names, but I don't know which of these two names is respected for it. Because the earlier ruler Sekros married the daughter of Aktius, and the later ruler-that is, he moved to Obia-the son of Erechtheus, the son of Erechtheus, the son of Pandion and the son of erich Dunnius. There was a king Pandion, the son of Eric Tonius, and another king was the son of Rope, the second king. This man was expelled from his kingdom by Metionidae, and when he fled to Megara-because he had to marry the daughter of King Pilars of Megara-his children were exiled with him. It is said that Pandion fell ill and died there. His grave is on the coast of Mecca, on a rock called "the rock of Athena, a gannet".
[1.5.4] But his children expelled Metionidae and returned from exile in Megara. As the eldest son, Egos became the king of Athens. But Pandion had bad luck with his adopted daughter, and they didn't leave any sons to avenge him. However, it was for power that he married the king of Thrace. But mortals can't go beyond what this deity thinks is suitable for hair. They said that although Tries married Plocque Nie, he insulted Philomela, thus violating Greek customs, further damaging the girl's health and forcing women to avenge her. There is also a statue of Pandion worth seeing on the Acropolis.
Questions and answers
Is Pausanias a reliable source of information?
Yes, Pausanias is famous for its accuracy.
What is Pausanias's description of Greece?
Pausanias's description of Greece is the author's observation of the places he visited in Greece. This work is a guide for tourists.
When did Pausanias write down his Greek record?
Pausanias's description of Greece was written between 150 and 170.
What is Pausanias famous for?
Pausanias is a famous Greek narrative writer.
refer to
Ancient Greek history. WW Norton, 20 10.
Jones and WHS· Bossanius' description of Greece. Harvard University Press, 2000.
Li Wei, P. Pausanias's Guide to Greece, Vol. 1. Penguin classic, 1979.
Ancient Greece: from prehistoric times to Hellenistic times. Yale University Press, 20 13.