Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem on his way to Yangzhou in the Yellow Crane Tower-Farewell to Meng Haoran.

"An old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.

My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon. "

"Fireworks in March" is related to Yangzhou City. From then on, the world will always think of Yangzhou as long as they see the fireworks in March.

Also in the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu, known as "Little Li Bai", also wrote a poem "Send My Feelings":

"Down and out Jiangnan wine, Chu waist palm light.

Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation. "

Du Mu has a deep affection for Yangzhou, and wrote many words praising this place in his life, but his good friend Zhang Hu is crazier than him, as evidenced by this song "Traveling in Huainan":

"Ten miles long, even the bridge to see the fairy.

Life only coincides with Yangzhou's death, and Zen wisdom Shan Ye takes a look at the graveyard. "

The last sentence of this poem means: if people die in this life, they will die in Yangzhou and be buried in the Zen Wisdom Temple and the Good Light Temple in the northeast of Yangzhou. There is no better cemetery than these two. Zhang Hu was indeed buried in Yangzhou after his death, and the coffin was not transported back to Qinghe, his hometown.

When Jiang Kui, a poet in the Song Dynasty, passed by Yangzhou, he left a noun-"Yangzhou is quite pregnant with Du Ming";

"Huai left name, ZhuXiGu, saddle less than the beginning. Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat is green. Since Huma went to see the river, he abandoned the trees by the pool and still hated talking about soldiers. At dusk, the horn is bright and the cold is blowing, all in the empty city.

Du's reward is now surprisingly heavy. Vertically speaking, although the dream of a brothel is good, it is difficult to be affectionate. The 24th Bridge is still there, and Leng Yue is silent. After reading the red medicine by the bridge, who will you know every year? "

The word "Huaizuo Du Ming" refers to Yangzhou, which was the capital of Huainan East Road in Song Dynasty.

Among the top ten classical music in China, there is a piano piece called Guangling III, which is one of Yangzhou's ancient names.

Yang Di Yang Guang visited Jiangdu three times. It is said that Jiangdu was the most prosperous place in the Sui Dynasty. Yangzhou was renamed Jiangdu in the Han Dynasty, Wu Zhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Yangzhou in the ninth year of Emperor Wendi. Since then, this name has been used in various dynasties.

In the Tang Dynasty, the status of Yangzhou was rising day by day. At that time, there was a saying called "Yang Yier", which means "Yangzhou is the best in the world, followed by Yizhou". Yizhou is Chengdu today.

In Qing Dynasty, there was a dramatist named Li Dou, who spent 30 years writing A Collection of Yangzhou Paintings for his hometown of Yangzhou, which is regarded as the most authoritative and comprehensive encyclopedia of Yangzhou so far.

Everyone knows that Jiangnan is good, so where is Jiangnan good? The answer lies in this "three states". Which "three states"? Naturally, it is Hangzhou, Suzhou and Yangzhou.

The ancients praised Yangzhou, mostly in spring, and today people praise Yangzhou. The most famous literary work is Zhu Ziqing's prose "Summer in Yangzhou". For a foreigner who has never been to Yangzhou, Yangzhou is naturally a wonderful place. It is beautiful all year round, but for Zhu Ziqing, a "Yangzhou native", Yangzhou in summer is the most beautiful and unforgettable.

Zhu Ziqing's ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and Lianyungang, Jiangsu. At the age of six, he moved to Yangzhou with his family, so he spent his childhood and adolescence in Yangzhou. After graduating from Peking University, Zhu Ziqing once returned to Yangzhou to teach, so his youth also spent an infinite time in Yangzhou. 1946 Zhu Ziqing wrote an article "I am from Yangzhou", in which Mr. Zhu wrote:

"Blue light smells like childhood", but it's not just blue light, everything in childhood is like it. In this case, if you spend your childhood there, even if it is your hometown, is it similar? In this way, only Yangzhou can be regarded as my hometown. What's more, my family is "born in Sri Lanka, died in Sri Lanka and sang in Sri Lanka"? Therefore, no matter whether Yangzhou is good or bad, I should always be a Yangzhou native.

Therefore, Yangzhou should be Mr. Zhu Ziqing's first hometown and Beiping should be his second hometown.

In Zhu Ziqing's eyes, a big difference between the north and the south is that there is no water in the north and there is water in the south. In summer in Yangzhou, most of the benefits lie in water. This "water" naturally refers to the Slender West Lake. There is West Lake in Hangzhou and Slender West Lake in Yangzhou. But Mr. Zhu Ziqing didn't like the name and thought it was a "fake West Lake".

Pick a sunny day and visit Slender West Lake with Mr. Zhu Ziqing, supporting a boat, winding all the way on the moat, drilling various holes and making countless ripples.

The most famous scenery along the moat is Xiaojinshan, fahai temple and Wu Ting Bridge. Among them, Xiaojinshan has an excellent geographical location, with water and moon watching and a large passenger flow. After all, it is one of the "Twenty-four Scenes of Slender West Lake in Yangzhou", and it is understandable that it is a bit crowded. Fahai temple is said to have been made overnight by salt merchants when Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River. The most famous one in fahai temple is Baita, and the other one is braised pig's head. Here, Mr. Zhu Ziqing is humorous and his eating attributes are instantly exposed. Imagine, in the hot summer, sweating and eating braised pig's head is similar to blushing and sweating, eating barbecue and eating hot pot in summer. It's really "hot and noisy". Wu Ting Bridge, as its name implies, is an arch bridge with five pavilions. It was built in the twenty-second year of Qianlong, imitating the Wulong Pavilion and the seventeen-hole bridge in Beihai, Beijing. It is also called lianhua bridge, because it is built on the lotus embankment and looks like a blooming lotus. The bridge is best seen from a distance or its reflection in the water. It's unique to open a bridge and cross a boat.

There is a Pingshan Hall at the farthest end of the moat. Pingshan Hall is related to a historical celebrity, namely Ouyang Xiu, a celebrity in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Song Renzong, Ouyang Xiu, then the magistrate of Yangzhou, built a church here and named it Pingshan. Climbing the Pingshan Hall, there is a hazy aesthetic feeling of "there are both mountains and mountains". There are few visitors in the hall, so if you sit here, you can sit all day.

Next, Mr. Zhu Ziqing turned his pen and began to write about Yangzhou's ships. There are three kinds of boats, one is a big boat, which is specially used for banquets and sightseeing, and can carry prostitutes or play cards; The second is a "rowing boat", like a watermelon, supported by a bamboo pole; The third type is "foreign rowing boat", which is smaller than a big boat and larger than a "small rowing boat". A tarpaulin is placed on it to protect the sun and rain. Among these three types of boats, "rowing boat" is the one with the largest number of users, because it is cheaper and more convenient to ride. However, the boat supported by the girl is more expensive, and the boatmaid on the Slender West Lake wants to tell many stories, but it is not enough for outsiders.

The place outside the North Gate is called Xia Jie, which is a gathering place for large and small teahouses. Often when the river is near, passengers can ask for a pot of tea or one or two "small cage snacks" from the teahouse on board, drink, eat and talk in the river, and then give the teapot and the so-called small cage to the people in the teahouse when they come back. Yangzhou's steamed snacks are famous all over the country. No wonder Mr. Zhu Ziqing has been thinking about it all the time, saying that after he left Yangzhou, he also went through seven or eight places, big and small, but never had such a good snack again.

Teahouses have charming names, such as Xiang Ying Gallery, Lvyang Village and Hongye Villa. Teahouses in Yangzhou are arranged in an orderly way, which is quite different from the square teahouses in Shanghai and Beiping. Among these teahouses, Mr. Zhu Ziqing remembers Lvyang Village best because it reminds people of the famous sentence "Lvyang Guocheng is Yangzhou". This sentence comes from the word of Wang Shizhen in Qing Dynasty-Huanxisha Hongqiao;

"North Guo Qingxi area flow, Hongqiao autumn scenery in the eyes, but the green sun in Yangzhou.

Where is Wang Xi Tang Lei? The fragrant soul makes people worry, and the faint smoke and vanilla confuse the old building. "

Hongqiao is located on the Slender West Lake, now called "Hongqiao"; Tang Lei is located in the north of Yangzhou, where Emperor Yang Di is buried. Yangzhou, the city, bears the joys and sorrows of many historical figures. Where will you go?

This trip is called "Xiahe" in Yangzhou, leaving in the afternoon and coming back in the evening. When Mr. Zhu Ziqing walked slowly into the North Gate or Tianning Gate with a gown and a fan in his hand, he couldn't help thinking of the "Helin Monastery" written by Li Shao in the Tang Dynasty:

"Drunk dream all day long, suddenly Wen Chun strong mountaineering.

I stole a long time because I was chatting with monks in the bamboo yard. "

The years here are really rare good times in the world. I am comfortable and carefree.

In the essay "Summer in Yangzhou", Mr. Zhu Ziqing became a tour guide and took readers on a "one-day tour of Yangzhou". Imagine a leisurely summer afternoon, swinging a cattail leaf fan to go out and taking a boat to shuttle through the busy moat. The surrounding scenery is so pleasing to the eye. What a beautiful summer day it is to sit on the boat, drink a pot of fragrant tea, eat cage snacks, forget all the dust and relax! Yangzhou in summer is actually a general theme. If you want to write everything in, it's impossible to write a 2000-word article. Mr. Zhu Ziqing found a new way, taking an afternoon as the time category, taking Slender West Lake as the central scenery, and sketching "Summer in Yangzhou" with desolate and natural words, which made its summer scenery, various scenic spots and amorous feelings vividly on the paper. After reading this article, I really hope I can't buy a plane ticket right away.

"Summer in Yangzhou" was originally published in19291kloc-0/February, No.4 of Looking for Flowers. At the time of writing this essay, Mr. Zhu Ziqing has been teaching in Tsinghua University for four years. The water in Slender West Lake and the tea in Lvyang Village are getting farther and farther away from him, but he is always thinking about the scenery and feelings in his hometown.

Perhaps, once you leave, you will begin to miss, whether it is people or things. When I was young, I always thought there was plenty of time, but I didn't know that time flies. When I meet you in the world, there will always be one less side. It is not easy to revisit the old place after a long separation.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Zhu Ziqing was displaced from place to place in the southwest with the National Southwest Associated University. The year after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to Beiping and lived in Tsinghua Campus. He died two years later and was buried in Wan 'an Cemetery. Since then, Yangzhou's summer can only be haunted, but he never dreamed of it.

When I was young, I watched Mr. Zhu Ziqing's "Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" because of his strong feelings and felt very heavy. Now I accidentally read this summer in Yangzhou, but I feel very carefree in my heart. I am quite interested in floating clouds and wild cranes, and I have increased my yearning for Yangzhou.

1925 Shortly after beginning of spring, Mr. Zhou Zuoren wrote Spring in Beiping. At that time, he, a southerner, had lived in Beiping for nearly twenty years.

193 1 Mr Lao She published a famous essay "Winter in Jinan". In fact, Mr. Lao She also wrote Autumn in Jinan, which is a companion book of Things in Jinan, but this book is far less famous than the first one.

1In July, 934, Mr. Yu Dafu went to Peiping from Hangzhou via Qingdao, and conveniently wrote an article "Autumn in the Old Capital". After all, he learned it from a textbook, so I still remember the opening sentence: "Autumn is always good no matter where it is; However, the autumn in the north is particularly clear, quiet and sad. "

These three essays, together with Zhu Ziqing's Summer in Yangzhou, just add up to a "four seasons", namely, spring, summer water, autumn flavor, winter snow, northern scenery and misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River.