Author: Li Bai
Original text:
In autumn, first frost was in Jingmen, and the leaves were scattered all over the place. Because of the mountains and the wide river, the autumn wind also sent me away, which made my journey safe.
This trip is not for bass and silver carp, but for famous mountains.
translate
Autumn frost falls in Jingmen, and leaves fall in succession. Because the mountains are empty, the river is also very open, and the autumn wind also sees me off, which makes my journey very safe.
This trip away from home is not for greed, but for visiting famous mountains and rivers, so I want to go to Zhongshan.
Distinguish and appreciate
Jingmen Mountain was the west gate of Chu State during the Warring States Period. Crossing Jingmen by boat means bidding farewell to Bashan and Shushui. This poem was written by the poet when he first went to Sichuan. The longing for a better future and the fantasy of a new and beautiful world enabled him to overcome his attachment to Mount Emei and pursue his ideal future enthusiastically. This poem is full of positive and romantic enthusiasm.
The first sentence is to write about the scenery, and at the same time point out the "autumn" and "Jingmen" in the title. Jingmen Mountain used to be densely forested and covered with green leaves. However, when the poet arrived, it was under the frost in Qiu Lai, with leaves scattered all over the floor and empty eyes. Because of the empty mountains, the river is wider. The word "empty" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery, clear heaven and earth, vast and lofty scene, without the feeling of bleak decline.
The second sentence, "The autumn wind hangs on the canvas unharmed", inherits the word "Jiang" in the previous sentence, and secretly points out the word "Xia" in the title. Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, asked for leave to join the army of the shogunate in Yin Zhongkan, Jingzhou. Zhong Kan specially lent him the cloth sail. On the way to a strong wind, Gu Kaizhi wrote to Yin Zhongkan, saying, "Be safe for pedestrians and sail." Here, the allusion of "canvas is safe" is borrowed, which not only means that the poet's journey is safe, but also means smooth sailing and helping others. This autumn wind scene in "The Original Boat is 300 Li" vividly shows the poet's unparalleled optimism and relief.
There was a poem by predecessors: "It's autumn when Han Zhang goes to Jiangdong." The third sentence of this poem is connected with the autumn wind in the second sentence. According to legend, in the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a Wu man named Zhang who was an official in Luoyang. Seeing the autumn wind, he remembered the soup and perch in his hometown and said, "Life is too expensive for your ears. How can you leave a name for a thousand miles! " So I went back to my hometown. Li Bai's trip was in autumn, and the ship sailed to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which reminded him of the story of Hans Zhang, but he declared that "this trip is not for silver carp", and the purpose of this trip is different from that of Hans Zhang, because he is far from home. This reversal not only makes the poem ups and downs, but also urgently calls for "loving the famous mountains into the deep mountains." In today's Shengzhou, Zhejiang, the territory is famous for its mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery. The word "zi" in the sentence echoes the word "not for" in the previous sentence, and the two sentences are closely connected, which enhances the emotional color.
The ancients once said, "What the poet said is not true." This probably means that poetry has the characteristics of conciseness, generalization, exaggeration and implication. The meaning of language in poetry cannot be literally "truth" or "death", so people who write poetry should also "don't use words to hurt meaning". If only three or four sentences in this poem are understood as the purpose of the poet's "trip", not for Wu's delicious food, but for enjoying the famous mountains, it would be too superficial and too "real". It was several years before Li Bai entered the village. If readers want to know the meaning of this poem, they have to go back to its third sentence. Judging from what Hans Zhang said, Hans Zhang opposed "MG" and "Silver Carp", abandoned the former and chose the latter; Li Bai's attitude towards the latter is very clear-"This trip is not for bass and silver carp." As for the former, the poet didn't make it clear. But what he said and did after Autumn in Jingmen made this question very clear. First, "this trip" did not "enter the mountains", but wandered around Jianghan to find opportunities for career promotion; Secondly, he also clearly claimed: "A gentleman must have the ambition of all directions, but he must serve the country with his sword and leave his relatives to travel far." (A Brief History of Pei Chang in Shang 'an Mansion) He also hoped to "learn from his wisdom and help him to make the area around the canal stable and Hai Xian County clear" (A Biography of Dai Shoushan's Answer to Meng Shaofu). This ambition to make contributions and make active use of the world is just the opposite of Hans Zhang's attitude. Therefore, at this time, the poet's views on "MG" and "Silver Carp" are contrary to Hans Zhang's meaning, but he only said half of them are reserved. Of course, this is also a kind of "suitable ambition", a kind of "ambition" to leave behind relatives and make great achievements. The fourth sentence in the poem is also about the poet's yearning for Shaoxing's famous mountains and beautiful waters. This interest was shown long before he left Shu, but judging from the previous sentence, it can't be limited to this. Li Bai, who thinks highly of himself, didn't want to gain fame through the imperial examination taken by ordinary literati at that time, but chose another romantic road, that is, traveling in Ren Xia, living in seclusion in famous mountains, seeking longevity, making friends with celebrities and establishing a reputation to achieve his goal. Therefore, the "self-love for famous mountains" here is nothing more than flaunting the poet's own elegance and an artistic summary of different secular life interests. This optimistic, romantic, generous and cheerful spirit vividly shows the poet's personality and spiritual outlook in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
This poem is also quite distinctive in artistic expression. Although there are four sentences in the whole poem, its scenery, narration and discussion have their own images, which intensively express the poet's enthusiasm of "serving the country with a sword" when he was young, and his brushwork is flexible and natural. Two allusions are used in the four poems, either hidden without revealing traces or pushing back new ideas, so that readers have no sense of stagnation and reach the realm of innovation, language self-contained and vivid and natural.