At the end of the Warring States period, the State of Qin represented the interests of the emerging landlord class, and the old aristocracy headed by the monarchs of the six countries represented the old slave-owner class. Although the old slave owners are on the verge of extinction, they are still trying their best to make a final struggle through political, military and even despicable assassination activities, among which Jing Ke's assassination of Qin is an outstanding representative.
Wang Jian, the general of the State of Qin, attacked the State of Zhao and captured the King of Zhao. Most of them occupied the land of Zhao, marched northward to occupy the land, and reached the southern border of Yan. The situation of Yan was in jeopardy.
In Yan State, a group with Taizi Dan as the core and Jing Ke as the backbone began to plot to assassinate the king of Qin. In order to gain the trust of the king of Qin and get close to him, Jing Ke tried his best. First, the head of the traitor in Qin State was obtained by despicable means, and then a map of Du Kang, Zhang Yan was prepared, with a murder weapon in it, which was particularly expensive.
In 227 BC, Jing Ke came to the State of Qin with the map of Yan Du Kang and Fan's head to assassinate the king of Qin. Before he left, Yan Taizi Dan and Gao Jianli saw Jing Ke off at the Yishui River. When Jing Ke said goodbye, he sang: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." . The scene is particularly heroic!
Jing Ke presented Fan's head first, and then presented a map of Du Kang. As soon as the map was opened, the dagger was exposed (that's how the idiom "I'm anxious to see" came from). Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin with a dagger, but missed, but was badly wounded by the sword drawn by the king of Qin, and was later killed by Qin Weibing. On his deathbed, he even laughed and scolded: "The reason why things didn't succeed was to hijack you alive. You must take a contract to repay the prince! "
Afterwards, the king of Qin was furious and attacked Yan with all his strength, which dealt a heavy blow to Yan. Since then, Yan has embarked on an irreversible path of extinction!
Second, although Jing Ke has many shortcomings and even stains, he is well-deserved as a "national hero".
Due to many objective reasons, the above account failed to introduce Jing Ke's own personality too much, so his many shortcomings naturally could not be revealed. However, its insidious and vain side can still be understood. This design is supported by the head of Fan, a rebel general of Qin State, and his taunts and curses before his death. However, all this can't hide his heroic glory!
In fact, the definition of national (national) hero is relatively narrow. In order to safeguard national unity, national security, people's interests and national dignity, people with lofty ideals who have given their precious lives and made outstanding contributions can be called heroes. Jing Ke is undoubtedly in line with!
In addition, his tragic pride when he went out to war and his bravery when he acted were all dripping expressions of "heroism"!
Third, although Jing Ke's stabbing Qin directly led to the massive attack of Qin State and accelerated the decline of Yan State, we have to admit that the demise of Yan State is a historical necessity!
This has been reflected in the story. The king of Qin was close at hand, and Jing Ke was ready, but failed to hit it? This "providence accident" may be a harbinger of "historical inevitability"! Can Yan's demise be Jing Ke's "self-inflicted"?
(Yan Zidan and others sent it to Jing Ke/Network)
I think Jing Ke is brave and stupid, neither a sinner nor a hero, but Taizi Dan is the sinner. Say it one by one.
Taizi Dan is a sinner of Yan State.
At that time, Qin bullied the six eastern countries, gradually demoted the loyal ministers of other countries with cunning schemes, and the traitors were reused, which made the six countries distrust each other. Qin defeated the six countries in this way. Yan and Qin are not bordered, and Qin pursues the strategy of making friends with Yan. When Qin attacked Zhao, Yan remained neutral. Even after the famous battle of Changping, Yan wanted to take advantage of others, so he attacked Zhao and failed. It can be said that Yanqin is still very close at this time. Zhao Guo broke, Qin Yan will border with it, and the natural relationship will change subtly.
As a prince, he doesn't make friends with wise ministers, and he doesn't look for ways to run the country and strengthen the army. Instead, he makes friends with rangers and comes back to life. He is not in his position to seek politics and is a typical black sheep.
The secret of assassination was mysterious, but Taizi Dan decided to send a deputy himself. The so-called employing people is not suspicious, and suspicious people don't have to. It can be regarded as' the eldest son is handsome and his disciples are handsome and fierce'. .
From the strategy of Taizi Dan, I just want to coerce the king of Qin to sign a contract to defend the country. Qin has no faith, and there are few examples of today's "peace" and tomorrow's war. Chu Huaiwang's play is coming on.
Yan Taizi Dan Bhutan did not fundamentally solve the problem of Yan's weakness. It wants to take shortcuts without careful planning, and always wants quick results. The so-called haste makes waste, which is counterproductive.
In the forest, on the tiger's side, we don't hide or seek a sharp edge, but scratch the tiger with thorns, so that we don't have to die.
So Yan Taizi Dan is a sinner of Yan State.
Jing Ke is just a flash of fireworks.
Jing Ke, a chivalrous man, often drinks with Gao Jianli and sings like nobody's watching. After Tian Guang introduced him to Taizi Dan, when Taizi Dan wanted Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin, Jing Ke didn't want to agree. To hold Taizi Dan, Jing Ke agreed. Taizi Dan used to satisfy Jing Ke only by eating, drinking and having fun.
To stab Qin, Jing Ke and other helpers, Yan Taizi Dan wanted to arrange Qin Wuyang first, and Jing Ke was furious. It's touching to leave in a hurry before I'm ready. This is really another' Taizi Dan'.
When Jing Ke met the king of Qin, it was a brave word to be calm and handle it properly.
Let's see, what is a hero?
Jing Ke is a "hero" and can't afford the title of hero.
Regarding the interpretation of heroes, I like Cao Cao's sentence very much:
Jing Ke is even more irrelevant. This is just a man's courage.
The surrounding Jin Bing of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao, spent more money and found more beautiful women with artistic thinking. He invited a group of "jumping gods" to let a Tatar soldier jump for a while. The Tatar was confused and took Zhao and his son to the north to raise them. When Yan Taizidan was a child, he had an argument with Zhao Zheng in Handan. Now Zhao Zheng has won the political power and become the king of Qin. The most terrible thing is that Mazhuang is better than Ma Zhuang. It's hard to say when to take troops to the state of Yan to discuss with the prince. The prince said that we should recruit more soldiers to defend the country. Taizidan insisted on directing a play "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin". As we all know, this play is in. Only later did people know the situation. They called Jing Ke, who was originally a hero, a "strong man" and the director a hero. The old prince refused, saying, If it weren't for this boy, Yan wouldn't have died so early. In a rage, he killed Taizi Dan.
As for Jing Ke's experience of stabbing the king of Qin, it is obvious that different people have different opinions. The most famous is Su Xun's point of view in Six Kingdoms: An assassin can't do it, but a good soldier is still there! Then the result may be uncertain.
However, crooked history holds that Qin joined Bashu and Hanzhong in the south and gained a very favorable strategic depth when it was striving for self-improvement. As Sima Cuo said, the six countries in this period were indifferent to this incident. Subsequently, Chu invaded and Han and Wei were defeated.
Without the military reform of King Wuling of Zhao, it was almost impossible for Qin chariots to stop in Sanjin. However, after King Wuling of Zhao ascended the throne, he carried out drastic military reforms, which made Zhao's military strength advance by leaps and bounds. Then they fought on all sides, defeated Zhong Shan, Lou Yi and Hu Lin, and expelled the Huns. At that time, only two countries in the world could confront each other, only in terms of military strength.
Next, back to Yan, the protagonist, this country is an old-fashioned country with the longest founding time compared with other seven heroes in the Warring States period. Sanjin was established in the early years of the Warring States, Qin was established in Pingdong, and Chu was probably a king. At this time, Qi was not Jiang Taigong's Qi, but Tian Ji, which was also the Warring States period.
However, due to the fact that the fiefs were far away at that time, which was the principle of China's political center and activity center, there were few particularly outstanding monarchs in the whole lineage of Yan monarch. The crooked history thought that all the vassal states of Yan existed in soy sauce, and it was not until Yan Zhaowang vigorously recruited talented people to appoint Le Yi to cut Qi that the sense of existence was really brushed once and expanded, but with the death of Yan Zhaowang, the sense of existence narrowed again.
After the establishment of Zhao State, Yan State has been swinging between Zhao State and Qin State, and because the mountain is high and the road is long, benefiting from Fan Ju's personal attack, Yan State has always been the object of Qin State's wooing, and relatively speaking, it has not been greatly disturbed. After the battle of Changping, the prince who had beaten the chicken blood suddenly wanted to beat Zhao, but he was killed instead. At this time, it has completely faded.
With the passage of time, the king of Qin ascended the throne, and it was time to unify the six countries. Irresistible, all gold fell on Tuesday and Wednesday. Prince Dan, who was taken hostage in Qin State, fled back to Yan State because of being neglected and discriminated against. Knowing the disparity in strength, he decided to take extreme measures to vent his anger and try to save the country.
After many twists and turns, I found Jing Ke and agreed on a plan to be implemented. Later, I learned the result. Except for a poem rustling in the wind and a bad idiom, I failed to stab Qin, and then the angry king of Qin sent his troops to destroy Yan.
So, did Jing Ke do anything good? Don't! It did not achieve any results, but accelerated its demise.
Is there a crime? No, because when Jing Ke left. On Tuesday and Wednesday, the State of Jin, Chu, perished, and the only powerful countries in the world were Yan and Qi. It makes no difference whether he goes or not. It can only be that the escape plan is successful, and then it will lead to civil strife in Qin. The reason is that Qi has always lived in peace with Qin, and even when Qin annexed other countries, it was quite friendly with Qin, and they were emperors of the East and the West. However, after the Five Kingdoms perished, Qi also perished. So Yan's demise is not Jing Ke's fault.
However, without credit, there is always hard work. When the time comes, regardless of success or failure, Jing Ke will die, and it will never return to the strong! He went without hesitation. His spirit is commendable!
I think Jing Ke is a hero. Although Jing Ke failed to stab the king of Qin, he also accelerated the demise of Yan. But think about it carefully, why did the prince of Yan kill the king of Qin? Because the prince of Yan knows the ambition of the king of Qin. He just wants the king to know that no matter how close you are to Qin, it is only a matter of time before you die. He just wants to break the idea of peace. Imagine Jing Ke who didn't refuse a task in the face of death. Isn't Jing Ke afraid of death? You are wrong. No matter who faces death, there will be fear, even a saint, not to mention Jing Ke is a human being. There are only two reasons for Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin: one is to repay the kindness of the Prince to meet him, and the other is to hope that his home country can recuperate and strengthen its military strength so that it can compete with the State of Qin. If the assassination is successful, Qin will not be chaotic, but it will take several years to stabilize the country. At this time, Yan can also have a rest and keep healthy. It's just a pity that the assassination failed, coupled with the incompetence of the monarch of Yan State at that time, the country would perish if it didn't resist. I think Jing Ke is a hero, which is my personal opinion.
Fiction in the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: After listening to Jing Ke's praise for holding the maid's hand, Yan Taizi Dan cut it off and gave it to Jing Ke as a gift.
This detail is quite wonderful, which depicts Yan Dan's mentality and character of doing whatever it takes to win people's hearts. At that time, it was normal for Yan Di (now Beijing) to let his wife and daughter sleep with guests. I'm afraid I have to cut my own hand to please Jing Qing. "History of Han Geography" contains:
Hebei (now Beijing) is a metropolis between Qi, Zhao, Bo and Tuan in Nantong. At the beginning, Prince Danbin raised warriors, but he didn't love harem beauties. Guests meet, women stay together, and get married later. There is no difference between men and women, but they are proud of it. After a little, it hasn't changed.
And Jing Ke's "poor fencing, failed to make outstanding achievements" is entrusted by yan dan. The wealth that yan dan used to buy the people is the blood of the people. So in the end, Jing Ke failed the Yan people's jade hands.
Jing Ke's failure stems from yan dan's strategy, which is a simple plan. Whether you assassinate or hijack Zhao Zheng, you can't stop the demise of Yan. The real way to save the country is not to cut off the maid's jade hand, but to be kind to the Yan people and lead them to migrate to Liaodong, like Liu Bei when Jingzhou people fled south.
The more confused the rulers are, the more they ignore the power of the people, and the more they focus on a few heroes. In order to win them over, they spend money like water and fight for "righteousness" to save money. This Jianghu habit is deeply rooted in people's hearts with the popularity of Water Margin.
"Kindness to the enemy, unkindness to friends" is a common problem of agricultural dynasties. As early as the "Great Emperor" period in Hanwu, he was kind to the Huns, laying the foundation for the "five disorderly flowers" hundreds of years later. When he arrived at Emperor Yang Di, he repeated his work and performed a farce. Zi Zhi Tong Jian, V 18 1, contains:
Emperor Biji Luoyang, Ding Chou, and the princes of the vassals held a hundred plays in Duanmen Street. There are 5000 steps around the theater, and 8000 people are holding silk and bamboo. They heard about it dozens of miles away and were shocked. It will cost millions to stop at the end of the month. It's natural to be old. Zhu Fan invited Fengdu City to trade, and the emperor agreed. First, I ordered someone to decorate the shop. The eaves were the same, curtains were hung and precious goods were filled. The character Watson and the vegetable seller also used this as a way to get a feast. When Hook passed the hotel, he was told to ask the court to sit down, drunk and scattered, and didn't take it straight. He said: "China is rich, and the case of wine and food is not correct." Hook was surprised. Others are well aware of this. When they saw the silk wrapped around the tree, they said, "There are poor people in China, too, and their clothes are uncovered. Why not use this thing to tie the tree? " City people are ashamed to answer.
Due to the lack of resources, the country has to use America as its warehouse and Africa as its library, and it is understandable to ask Siyi for help. But the foundation of a country can only be a population of one billion. If the measures make our warriors feel cold and the wise move out, we are afraid that water will not put out the fire, that is, at present.
Jing Ke, the king of Qin, is of course a hero of Yan State. In the middle and late Warring States period, the State of Qin developed rapidly through Shang Yang's political reform, posing a serious threat to the other six countries. In 230 BC, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, began his national subjugation. The first country to be annihilated was South Korea, the second was Zhao, and then Wei. After the end, the State of Qin posed a great threat to the State of Yan. At this time, Yan Wangdan of Yan tried to stop the expansion of Qin.
However, the strength of Yan was too weak to resist Qin Jun's attack, so Yan Zidan came up with a way to stop boiling and catch thieves, and that was to send an assassin to assassinate the king of Qin. If you want to send someone to assassinate the king of Qin, you must first gain the trust of the king of Qin, so Taizi Dan prepared two gifts for the king of Qin, one is a map of the fertile land of Yan, and the other is the head of Fan, a traitor of Qin. He found a famous assassin, Jing Ke, and sent Jing Ke to Qin with a map and a head. At the same time, he gave Jing Ke an envoy named Qin Wuyang.
Yan's two gifts really won the trust of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. First, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, welcomed Jing Ke into Qin Gong with nine gifts. When Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang met the king of Qin, Qin Wuyang was a little off the chain, but he was afraid because he knew that the knife was in the box with this map. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, refused to let him go to the temple after seeing Qin Wuyang's performance, but let Jing Ke go to the temple by himself. So Jing Ke went to Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, opened the box, took out the map, unfolded the map, and revealed the dagger, so there was a famous idiom that the map was poor. Jing Ke took a dagger in one hand and Ying Zheng's sleeve in the other. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, reacted quickly. He ran out at once. Jing Ke grabbed his sleeve with his hand and it broke. The king of Qin was running in the palace, and Jing Ke was chasing after him with a dagger. Your highness's ministers were very surprised when they saw it. One of them cured too much. Seeing this, he threw a box at Jing Ke, which slightly delayed Jing Ke.
Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, then had a chance to draw his sword. His sword is very long and Jing Ke's sword is very short, so the king of Qin has the upper hand. In the fight with Jing Ke, the king of Qin stabbed Jing Ke in the leg. Jing Ke sat on the ground and threw a dagger at Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, but he didn't practice this flying knife skill skillfully. The king of Qin dodged the flying knife and the short knife hit the post. Then the warriors swarmed and chopped Jing Ke to pieces. Jing Ke's behavior can be said to be very courageous. He is a typical representative of ancient assassins in China, and he was highly praised by Sima Qian in Historical Records. What we are going to discuss now is whether what Jing Ke did protected the Yan State or accelerated its demise. Actually, it doesn't matter. Whether there is a king of Qin in Jing Ke or not, Qin will destroy Yan.
If Jing Ke really stabbed Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, he would not weaken the power of the whole State of Qin, and there might be some turmoil in the State of Qin for the throne, but in the end he could unite and continue to accomplish the great cause of reunifying the six countries, which is the historical trend. Without Jing Ke, the king of Qin would still, well, lead the army to conquer Yan, and the time might be a little later. He may destroy Chu or Qi first, with Yan as the final goal, but Qin Yan is an established strategic fact and will not change. What we want to praise is Jing Ke's personal loyalty to the motherland. In order to defend his motherland, he risked his life and knew what he could not do. This is also a spirit advocated by Confucius.
Jing Ke must be a hero of Yan!
At the end of the Warring States period, the six countries were unable to fight against the unified war of Qin. It is only a matter of time before the six countries perish. In 230 BC, the State of Qin wiped out Korea. In 228 BC, Qin invaded the capital of Zhao. Although it has not destroyed the country, it has also weakened. At this time, Yan Taizi Dan, sensing the crisis, decided to assassinate the king of Qin and make a final attempt. At this time, Jing Ke stepped onto the stage of history.
Jing Ke was a patriotic man, but later he went to Yan State. Because he often drinks with people and talks about chivalry, he was introduced to Yan Taizi Dan by Tian Guang. After Taizi Dan gave Jing Ke a sense of righteousness, Jing Ke accepted the task of assassinating the king of Qin without hesitation and went to a point of no return.
You know, if Jing Ke goes here, he will die. He died if he couldn't kill the king of Qin, but he died if he could. But Jing Ke looked back, in addition to serving Taizi Dan on him, there was a sense of honor in his heart. Finally, we know that Jing Ke is dead, but he left a thousand years' reputation.
Therefore, Jing Ke must be a hero of Yan!
Old Master Q, who likes history, answers your question.
Shui Han, the strong man is gone forever! People who are familiar with history understand the meaning of these two sentences, and they can also imagine the tragic scene by the Yishui River. Jing Ke roared in the face of Gao Jianli's beating: "Explore the tiger's den and enter Jiaogong Palace, and roar into Bai Hong." This time, Jing Ke really went to Xi and didn't come back, leaving Bai Hong's legacy.
The story of Jing Ke stabbing Qin has been a topic of loyalty for more than two thousand years. Even Tai Shigong listed assassins in historical records, which is enough to show that assassins sometimes become heroes.
Let's get down to business and discuss whether Jing Ke is a hero or a sinner of Yan State. From the analysis of this specific incident, Old Master Q thinks that Jing Ke is neither a hero nor a sinner of Yan State. Why did you come to such a conclusion? Please listen to Old Master Q in detail. First of all, Jing Ke, a Jianghu person, was regarded as a distinguished guest by Taizi Dan for his superb swordsmanship and prudence. Jing Ke, as a swordsman, knows well the rules of Jianghu, and knows that gratitude must be repaid. In order to save the country, Taizi Dan sent someone to assassinate the king of Qin, and the motive is understandable. But Jing Ke agreed to work for Taizi Dan, not out of saving the country, but out of Jianghu morality. In this case, Jing Ke's attitude of swearing to die as a confidant in the passive state of being loved by others can be said to be the perfect embodiment of Jianghu morality.
If Jing Ke appeared in the State of Yan with the mentality of saving the State of Yan as his own duty, there would not be a situation in which Taizi Dan was eager to find an able man and chivalrous man, and he would not be forced to turn to Tian Guang, an old man who had already fallen into unconscionable conscience, to stand up for himself. Because the world was in chaos at that time, the Yan state was in jeopardy, not to mention the people in the rivers and lakes, and even ordinary people may have seen the reality that the Yan state was about to perish. It was not until Tian Guang invited him to Jing Ke that Taizi Dan regarded Jing Ke as a precious guest. So speaking, Jing Ke came to the State of Yan entirely for his own interests, and then died for the sake of moral generosity in the Jianghu. Therefore, Jing Ke is a hero, but he is only a Jianghu hero, not a hero of Yan State. Because judging from what Jing Ke has done, he doesn't have that kind of sentiment, let alone that kind of nobility. Here, I don't mean to belittle Jing Ke, but I want to explain a problem, that is, whether Jing Ke stabbed Qin successfully or not should have nothing to do with national interests. Originally, Jing Ke had no responsibility and obligation to save Yan. This is why Jing Ke is not a hero of Yan.
Secondly, is Jing Ke a sinner of Yan State? Old Master Q has made it clear that Jing Ke is not a hero of Yan. With this connection, it can be safely said that if Jing Ke's failure to stab Qin is described as a sinner of Yan State, then the praise for this Jianghu figure is really too high. Again, Jing Ke's stabbing Qin has nothing to do with national interests. Everything he did was to repay the kindness of Taizi Dan and show the loyalty of the Jianghu chivalrous people. If we only look at this issue from Jing Ke's personal point of view, Jing Ke's original intention never thought that he was a hero or a sinner. So, if you understand this, you will understand that the tragic scene of seeing Jing Ke off by the Yishui River is nothing more than the tragic scene of the Jianghu chivalrous man's generous death, and it is by no means intense and passionate for the country and the people. If the subjective knowledge of defending our country is imposed on Jing Ke, he really can't afford it!
Finally, it is considered that Jing Ke's stabbing Qin is neither a hero nor a sinner of Yan State. If further analysis, then the problem of holding the Lord should be replaced by a new role. That is, "Taizi Dan failed to send Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin. Is Taizi Dan a hero or a sinner of Yan State? " Yes!
"The Analects of Confucius Luz": "Words must be kept, and actions must bear fruit. Kēng suddenly became a villain. " Jing Ke is not a hero, but a villain! The hero is Xiang Yu, who can defeat the Qin Dynasty by his own strength!