1774, Louis XV died and Louis XVI acceded to the throne. Marie Antoinette became the queen of France and the mother of French musical instruments. But unfortunately, she doesn't have the sense of responsibility and mission that a queen should have.
Marie Antoinette has made no achievements in politics since he entered the French court. Every day, I just love dances, fashions, fun and celebrations, decorate the garden, live a luxurious life, and have the name of "deficit lady". After the French Revolution began, she unexpectedly showed the pride and dignity of a queen, more opinionated than Louis XVI.
1789 On July 4th, when people attacked the Bastille, Marie Antoinette persuaded Louis XVI to take refuge in Metz. She supported the king, refused the request of the National Assembly to abolish the feudal system and restrict the royal power, and became the target of public criticism. However, no matter at that time or later, there were still many people on the side of the Queen, such as Hugo of France.
Austrian Stefan Zweig sympathized with the Queen. Of course, there are many other little-known royalists. It is worth mentioning that in addition to "The Biography of Queen Stefan Zweig"
Dumas also wrote the French Revolution Trilogy about the Queen, namely Baron Balsamo, The Queen's Necklace and The Knight in the Red House. The novel describes in detail the three stages of the queen's life.
1789 June, under the supervision of the revolutionary masses, moved back to Paris with Louis XVI from Versailles. She went undercover and asked a group of exiled nobles for help. They didn't help, and they even hit people when they were down. Everyone wants to exchange the king's head for ransom. This group of nobles includes the king's brother,
The Earl of Provence (now Louis Stanislas Xavier) and his younger brother, the Earl of artois (now Charles X). The king and his wife were helpless. Due to the situation, they had to plan their escape again and again.
179 1 In June, he fled secretly with the king, and was found in the border city of Wallen.
1792, France declared war on Austria. She continued to collude with Austria and provided the battle plan to foreign intervention forces in an attempt to suppress the revolution with external forces.
At this time, the Austrian queen Maria Teresa (Marie Antoinette's mother) and the emperor Joseph II (Marie Antoinette's brother) died one after another, and the Austrian kingship was in the hands of Marie Antoinette's other brother Leopold II.
The exposure of the crime of treason angered the French people, which led to the 1792 Paris people's uprising in August and completely overthrew the monarchy. Later, she was imprisoned in Temple Castle with the king.
The following year, in June 5438+10, he was handed over to the revolutionary court for trial, sentenced to death and sent to the guillotine. At the age of 38. After her death, her body was buried in a mass grave. It was not until 22 years later that the Earl of Provence was restored as Louis Stanislas Xavier, and her bones were dug up again and buried properly.
It is rumored that Mary left two famous sayings in her short life:
When the minister told Mary that the French didn't even have bread, Mary smiled innocently and sweetly: "Then why don't they eat cake?" Mary never said this sentence in history, but later generations vented their indignation on the queen who was keen on dressing up. The person who said this sentence was Marie Le Kinska, the Polish queen of Louis XV.
The original sentence is recorded in Rousseau's Confessions to the effect that they don't have bread to eat, so why don't they eat bread crust dipped in sauce? The context of this sentence is actually that the queen said something out of sympathy that lacked common sense.
Because when Queen Antoinette was in power, people wanted to find reasons to condemn her, so a sentence that had nothing to do with her was transformed into this: bread crust dipped in sauce became a cake, which was more likely to arouse people's disgust.
When Mary was pushed to the guillotine, she stepped on the executioner's foot, and then Mary said, "I'm sorry, you know, I didn't mean to." Some people question whether this sentence is true.
Because it is said that people who were beheaded at that time would be tied up and gagged. But a pencil sketch by the painter David proved that this was wrong. The Queen was just tied with her hands.
What's more, one of the tasks of the executioner Sang Song at that time was to collect the last words of those great men. This sentence and madame roland's sentence "Freedom, make countless sins in your name" were famous last words at that time. Not to mention Louis XVI's well-known last speech.
Extended data
Members of Queen Mary's family.
1, Charlotte, Marie-Theresia (Mary Therese? Charlotte. Marie-Theresia (1778 65438+February 19—185 1 year 65438+1October 19).
Louis Joseph Xavier Fran? Ois de France), Crown Prince of France (178 10/0/0/22 October-14 June 789), died of rickets (or tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis) at the beginning of the Great Revolution, at the age of 7.
3. Louis Charles, Louis XVII of France (1785.3.27—1795.6.8? The only person in French history who was not really crowned and really ruled the country was considered to be the king.
4. Marie Sophie Hé lè ne bé atrice de France (1786-65438 July 9 +65438 June+09,0787) only lived 1 1 month.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Marie Antoinette (French Queen Louis XVI)