When I was a child, I often heard my grandfather talk about Pingyao, which was a turning point in the police work when my grandfather was young, but I really saw Pingyao on the National Day of 1987.
I went to Yuci from Lvliang that day and suddenly saw an ancient city in the heavy snow. It looks like a mirage in the dark, and the oil circuit of No.0 diesel car is intermittent, so I am in a hurry to enter the city. Thus, Pingyao became an idea in my heart, and it was a National Day 32 years later to set foot on the ancient city. ...
As the saying goes: When entering Pingyao City, silver ingots trip people.
Pingyao has been a military town since ancient times; In peacetime, Pingyao is a shopping mall full of dissatisfaction. Walking into this city, you can find loess, city walls, kitchen smoke, blue bricks, gray tiles, wooden doors and windows. You can imagine this ancient city.
The existing Pingyao city wall is slightly square in plane with a circumference of 6.2 kilometers. The whole city wall consists of wall, horse face, horse retaining wall, crib mouth, gate and urn. There are six doors, one in the north, one in the south, two in the east and two in the west. There are 72 watchtowers and 3000 battlements around the city.
Tower, watchtower, turret, urn, suspension bridge and moat are all complete defense systems of the ancient city.
From Pingyao, the ancient city is a "turtle bagua city". According to legend, Fuxi painted gossip because of the lines on the turtle's back. When Dayu was controlling water, he also divided the world into Kyushu with reference to the lines of turtles.
Therefore, most turtle-shaped cities in ancient China implied "golden soup is stable and long-term stability", so Pingyao City was called "turtle city" among the people.
There is a folk saying that the ancient city of Pingyao was built by Liu Bowen, the "chief counselor" of the Ming Dynasty, because Liu Bowen was good at Feng Shui.
There is a Xie Tongqing ticket number and a vault underground. A Millennium camphor tree is carved on the pillar of the vault. Many people think that this pillar called Long Baozhu is a gift from Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to his master Liu. It is said that this Long Baozhu is located in the center of Pingyao ancient city, and it is called Long Mai. This post inserted in the Long Mai can protect Pingyao from the wind and rain.
The ancient city of Pingyao is not due south and north in the strict sense, but northwest-southeast direction. There is a saying here that only the palace is qualified to be due south and north, and no other building can be compared with the palace. Moreover, Pingyao ancient city is like a long-lived tortoise. If it is due south and north, the tortoise will speed up its escape. In addition, in view of the special geography of Taiyuan Basin, many counties here are not from the south to the north, such as Fenyang and Jiexiu.
Don't think the word turtle is not elegant. In ancient times, turtle was an auspicious beast with the same name as dragon, phoenix and unicorn, symbolizing good luck and longevity.
The plane layout of Pingyao in "Turtle City" overlaps with the figure of turtle. The tortoise's limbs and head and tail are exactly the six gates of Pingyao City.
The south gate is the turtle's head. According to legend, the two wells outside the south gate are the eyes of a turtle. The south gate is called "Yingxun", which means "the smoke comes from the south".
The north gate is the turtle tail, which belongs to all directions and is respected by all, so it is also called the "arch pole" gate.
East and west doors, like tortoise's outstretched limbs; The east is just the direction of the sea, so there must be the Longwang Temple.
South Street is the backbone of this turtle, and its curved shape is S-shaped, which shows that this turtle is very energetic.
The main streets and alleys in the city are all "dirt", like the lines on the back of a turtle. "If you walk on the back of a tortoise, you can live for 99 years."
The whole city of "Turtle City" takes the tower as the center, South Street as the main axis, and four streets, eight small streets and seventy-two long lanes in the east, west, north and south, just like the longevity pattern on the turtle's back. The overall layout of the city follows the direction of gossip, which embodies the urban planning concept and shape distribution in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The layout of the ancient city is symmetrical, with clear functional divisions. Dongcheng God Temple, Xifu, Dongwen Temple, Xiwu Temple, Dongdaoguan Temple and Ximiao Temple are intertwined and orderly. It embodies the feudal ritual pattern of "the rule of man and god, the unity of three religions"
The first horizontal street is Nanmentou Street, starting from the center, with Wen (Temple) in the east and Wu (Temple) in the west. They are called Wen Zuo You Wu. The second Hengjie is Chenghuangmiao Street and Yamen Street, from the center to the left and right, with Yin (Chenghuangmiao) on the left and Yang (Yamen) on the right. The first crosswalk is East Street and West Street, which extend outward from the center. Looking from left to right, the left is the Tao (Qingxu Guan) and the right is the Buddha (Jifu Temple), facing each other from a distance, which means "guest" (Buddha comes from the west and says "guest").
South Street, the central street of the finale, runs vertically through the bystreet, thus realizing the word "Wang", and this street that runs vertically through the north and south just cuts the bystreet into a gossip shape. To the east is Wen (Confucian Temple). Due to the advocacy of Confucianism, the most solemn sacrifice in the city is the Confucian Temple, which occupies a very important position in urban planning. The vertical street is Zhong Gong (South Street), which runs through Li Kan. The south gate is Qian Gua, which means fire, and the north gate is Kan Gua, which means water. This street layout constitutes a complete nine palaces and eight diagrams, covering the ancient philosophy of yin and yang and five elements, and the unity of man and nature.
"The walls of the county seat are impregnable and still exist for thousands of years. The new wind view is downtown, and the old traces see the yamen. " This is a poem left by the modern poet Zhu Fan in Pingyao ancient city. It also happens to write the characteristics of Pingyao ancient city. This weather-beaten ancient city still stands on the land of Sanjin.
Sanchi Lane smells wine, while Wuxing Lane is afraid of cleaning up. There are many ancient towns in Pingyao, full of ancient rhyme.
Most of the ancient houses here are quadrangles, with broad stone steps in front of them, which are no different from ordinary ancient houses, but when you walk in, you will know that the courtyard is deep: exquisite eaves made of tiles; Exquisite wood carving, brick carving and stone carving; Chinese window frames made of ebony, paper-cut window grilles with strong local flavor ... reflect the style of Jin ancient dwellings everywhere.
When you stand under the city wall, in a trance, it seems that you will hear the cries of vendors, the shouts of officials and the sound of gongs and drums disappearing from near to far in the boundless time and space.
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