It is generally believed that the Battle of Hanzhong took place in AD 2 17. Liu Bei led the army into Hanzhong, and Zhang Fei and Ma Chao led the army to attack Wudu. However, in fact, the prologue of the Battle of Hanzhong should be in AD 2 15, when Zhang He led the army to Brazil County, and Zhang Fei led the army to counterattack Zhang He, which began with Zhang He's big break in Wakouguan. This is the prelude to the battle of Hanzhong.
In the Battle of Wudu, Cao Hong and Cao Xiu defeated the Shu army.
In 2 17, Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Tong Lei and Wu Lan to attack Bian Xia with the intention of occupying Wudu, thus opening the way for attacking Liangzhou. It is worth mentioning that this passage in Wudu is also the route for Han Xin to sneak into Chencang, so the battle of Wudu fully demonstrates the ambition of Liu Bei Group. Cao Cao's side also responded quickly and ordered Cao Hong, Cao Zhen and Cao Xiu to lead the army to resist.
After the war between the two armies, Zhang Fei stationed in Gushan, pretending to cut off Cao Jun's back road, in an attempt to induce Cao Jun to divide his troops, thus quickly defeating Cao Jun and seizing Wudu. However, some experts in Cao Jun, Cao Hong and other generals didn't see the layout of Zhang Fei clearly, but Cao Xiu, an epigenetic soldier, saw that Zhang Fei was an isolated mountain and suspected soldiers, and also saw the fate of Liu Beijun. Cao Jun judged that Ulan, who was stationed at the next stop, was the fate of the Shu army. While the Shu army was not fully assembled, he decisively attacked and defeated Ulan. Ulan, dying, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao defeated.
The battle of Dingjun Mountain, Huang Zhong array to cut the summer.
Since then, Liu Bei's repeated deployment of 8 Jin Army was repelled by Cao Jun, so Liu Bei led the army to Yangpingguan, and the two armies entered a long-term stalemate, which lasted for nearly a year.
In 2 19 AD, Liu Bei set out from Yangpingguan, crossed Mianshui in the south, and was stationed in Dingjun Mountain. Because Dingjun Mountain is in the south of Hanzhong County and close to Zheng, Xia led troops to rob Dingjun Mountain. The two armies fought fiercely in Dingjun Mountain. Near the antlers outside Cao Jun, the Shu army attacked and set fire to the antlers at night. Liu Bei sent 10 thousand troops to storm the east of Zhang He's garrison, which was once in jeopardy. Summer urgently sent reinforcements. Liu Bei took advantage of the short summer break and sent Huang Zhong to attack the south antlers defended by Xia.
At this time, Xia died with 400 people to repair antlers, and Huang Zhong led an army to rush into Jun, killing Xia in World War I and attacking Cao Jun's camp. At this time, the commander-in-chief was lost, and the whole army was in chaos. After the death of Xia, Guo Huai, Du and other Jun generals elected Zhang He as the commander-in-chief of the whole army to stabilize the morale of the army.
Cao Cao entered Hanzhong, and the battle of Hanshui was defeated by Cao Jun.
Shortly after the battle of Dingjunshan, Cao Cao led a hundred thousand troops into Hanzhong and stationed in Yangpingguan to confront Liu Bei's army. Cao Cao led the army to compete for Hanzhong. At the same time, Cao Jun also carried a lot of grain and grass and transported it to Beishan for hoarding. At this time, Cao Cao's grain and grass were kept by two famous soldiers under Liu Bei's account. Huang Zhong urged Zhao Yun to rob Cao Cao of his food and grass.
Zhaoyun also thought it was an opportunity, but to be on the safe side, he still made an appointment with Huang Zhong. But after the appointed time, Huang Zhong hasn't come back, and Zhao Yun led dozens of elite riders to check it out. It doesn't matter at first glance. Cao Cao's army was brought, and Zhao Yun was brave and rushed out of Cao Jun's encirclement. After returning to the camp of the Shu army, where did you come to find Cao Jun? Empty camp plan? As a result, Cao Jun was afraid of being ambushed and quickly retreated. When retreating, Zhao Yun led the army to cover and kill the rear, and the arrow was not empty. Cao Jun messed up, trampled on himself, and countless people drowned in the Hanshui River.
Chicken ribs? Great event, Cao Cao withdrew from Hanzhong.
Since Cao Cao entered Yangpingguan in March, two months after the stalemate between the two armies, in May of the same year, Cao Cao ordered the withdrawal from Hanzhong. Before deciding to withdraw, Cao Cao compared Hanzhong to a chicken rib when eating chicken. What a pity to eat tasteless and abandon it? . In fact, judging from the topographic map of Hanzhong, the plain areas such as Nanzheng in the hinterland of Hanzhong are still under Cao Cao's control, which means that most areas of Hanzhong are under Cao Cao's control, so why did Cao Cao choose to retreat?
The first reason is that when Cao Cao occupied Hanzhong, Sima Yi suggested to seize Hanzhong first, and then occupy Sichuan and Shu. But things are different now. Hanzhong won, but Sichuan and Shu were occupied by Liu Bei. Cao Cao has lost the strategic opportunity to occupy Shu from Hanzhong. Not only did the region lose the opportunity to occupy the middle of Shu, because Liu Bei had occupied a favorable geographical position in Hanzhong, but the war had spread to both sides of the Hanshui River, which brought great difficulties to Cao Jun's defense.
Cao Cao had to station hundreds of thousands of troops in Hanzhong to defend Liu Bei, and he had to cross the Qinling Mountains to transport military supplies, which seriously dragged down the development of Cao Cao's power and became a chicken rib.
The second reason is that Hanzhong is a fulcrum of Cao Cao's strategic expansion, but it is the foundation for Liu Bei to settle down.
During the Battle of Hanzhong, Yang Hong believed that Hanzhong was the throat of Yizhou, a family disaster and an opportunity for survival. Should he persuade Zhuge Liang at this time? Men have to fight, women have to be lucky? .
As the saying goes, I am afraid of being horizontal, and I am afraid of death. Liu Bei launched the battle of Hanzhong and confronted Cao Cao. For Cao Cao, because of the bitter struggle between Hanzhong and Liu Bei, it is simply not worth it. We still have Guanzhong and the Central Plains. Life is so precious!
The third reason is the instability in Liang Yong. Zhang Fei and Ma Chao were eager to occupy Wudu, enter Liangzhou and expand the power of Shu Han. If you have been a thief for a thousand days, how can you prevent thieves for a thousand days? Now you have repelled these two plagues. It's hard to explain next time.
After Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition and occupation of Wudu, four counties in Liangzhou immediately defected. Ma Chao is here at this time, and it is estimated that the whole Liangzhou can be surnamed Liu. Once Zhang Fei and Ma Chao succeed, the whole Guanzhong will be in danger. Cao Cao himself is still confronting Liu Bei in Hanzhong, so he must not die in Hanzhong. Retreat and choose dangerous places to defend is the best choice.
The fourth reason is that Cao Cao retreated to Chang 'an in May of February19, and the war broke out in Jingzhou in July of the same year, which was enough to shake Cao Cao's rule. That is the battle of Xiangfan launched by Guan Yu. Guan Yu once hit the vicinity of Wancheng, Wancheng County, which shocked the whole Central Plains.
In the battle of Xiangfan, Guan Yu's warships blocked the whole Hanshui River and completely blocked Xiangyang and Fancheng. Guan Yu's handwriting is certainly not a whim, it must have taken a long time to prepare. Then it is very likely that Cao Cao knew the wind, and the Nanyang line is more important to Cao Wei, so he must return to the army for reinforcements.
The fifth reason is that the historical materials we can see about Hanzhong War are very limited, but from the words of Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi, it can be seen that Cao Cao suffered great losses in confronting Liu Bei in Hanzhong War.
Zhuge Liang once said: As for Meng De, relying on his winning power, he rescued Zhang He from Yangping with hundreds of thousands of divisions, and put all his eggs in one basket, so he had to give up on himself and humiliate his pioneers, so that he lost the land of Hanzhong. ? Sima Yi once said:? Yesterday, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty re-entered Hanzhong, and he was defeated. ?
It is generally believed that Zhao Yun defeated Cao Jun in the Battle of Hanshui, but the Battle of Hanshui obviously won't leave Cao Cao alone. From these two sentences, it is not difficult to imagine that after the Hanshui War, there may be a more bitter battle, the Hanzhong War, which almost killed Cao Cao.
Therefore, during the Hanzhong War, Cao Cao obviously lagged behind Liu Bei in fighting morale, geographical advantages and strategic layout. , but also fell into an obvious disadvantage. It was not until he had to withdraw his troops that the Hanzhong War ended.