Located in the southwest of Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, Baifusi Town, laifeng county, at the junction of counties (cities) in Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing. It borders Longshan County in Hunan Province in the east and Youyang County in Chongqing in the west, and is known as "one foot in three provinces". In Tujia Village, Shemihu Village, Baifusi Town, a set of dances with the most complete, unique and Tujia flavor has been preserved since ancient times, which embodies the scenes of agricultural production and life, Tujia self-protection and resistance to foreign invasion. It is called "waving dance" locally, and it is called "Sheba", "Sheba Day", "Sheba Chi" or "Sheba" in Tujia language.
The waving dance is full of Tujia characteristics. Its uniqueness lies in swinging with the same hand and the same foot, that is, the left foot swings the left hand and the right foot swings the right hand, sometimes "single pendulum" and sometimes "double pendulum" to show labor.
"sowing", "transplanting" and "carrying the burden"
"And good wishes," grinding eagle wings "and so on. The dance is rough and bold, and its movements are vigorous and powerful, which embodies the industrious, simple, brave and resolute temperament of Tujia nationality.
Waving waves is the most serious and solemn folk cultural activity of Tujia nationality, and it is one of the remarkable cultural symbols that distinguish Tujia nationality from other nationalities. It is popular in Tujia areas in the border area of Hunan, Hubei and Chongqing in Youshui River Basin. Its content is rich, mainly including "fishing and hunting dance", "farming dance", "military dance" and "life dance". There are certain rules in the action. Generally, the swing of the hand does not exceed the shoulder, and the swing lines are smooth and generous, such as sideways swing and simple swing. Dance movements are characterized by straight turn (throwing hands on the same side), bending knees, trembling and sinking. Need hands and feet to cooperate tacitly and act in unison; When bending your knees, your upper body is flat and your feet are stiff, giving people a sense of steadiness; Tremor requires slight shaking of the feet and arms, and the movements should be elastic and tough; The center of gravity of the sinking action has a downward feeling during the remake, which requires the body to sink without falling down, and the action should be calm and solid.
The music of waving dance is mainly gongs and drums, and the dance formation and movement changes are adjusted and dominated by different drum rhythms. The rhythm of ancestor worship is solemn and slow; When carrying out farming and hunting activities, the rhythm is light and slow; When expressing daily life, the rhythm is relaxed and lively. In the process of dancing, drums are accompanied by the response of the crowd, forming a special reverberation music effect. The atmosphere is strong, and the scene is vigorous, steady, warm and grand, which shows the Tujia people's spirit of optimism and self-improvement to the fullest.
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Every Spring Festival, Tujia village in Shemi Lake is very lively. People are dressed in red and green, and men, women and children wave together. The Zhou Song tree in the wave hall is covered with lanterns, and everyone dances in a circle, beating gongs and drums and staying up all night. Pray for Tujia ancestors to bless good weather, abundant crops, prosperous livestock and all the best. Chen Bingjun described in the poem "Poetry of the King of the Land" in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty: "The soldiers of the Five Dynasties were cold and bronze columns, and there were many people in ancient caves. Nowadays, the wild temples compete every year, and there are still flag-waving songs in the alley. "
Tujia people's wave-waving activities were recorded in detail in the Qing Dynasty annals such as Yongshun County Annals, Yongshun County Annals and Longshan County Annals. During the Tongzhi period, Peng Shifeng also wrote a poem: "The brocade in the pumice city is a nest, and the water waves are beside the land palace. There are thousands of red lights and lingering songs. " This reveals the prosperity of Baifusi Town and the prevalence of waving dance.
Now, in Shemi Lake, there is a peasant swing dance team active all the year round at the junction of Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing, which is deeply loved by people.
Sun dragon robe
On June 6, every household took out clothes, quilts, paintings and calligraphy to dry. According to legend, in the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court sent troops to suppress Tujia people, and the national hero King Qin Tu fought against the Yuan Army. On the sixth day of June, unfortunately, the defeat was bloody. He still preferred to die and was killed by the Yuan Army. Since then, every year on the sixth day of June, local families have to dry clothes instead of shirts?
Because the robes of King Tu of Qin Dynasty are embroidered with dragon patterns, they are called dragon robes as a sign of mourning. In some places in Enshi, this festival is even more grand. To kill cattle, take "perfection" as an example? Meat, heart,
Steamed rice such as liver is sent to Tuwang Temple for the king, and then the whole village eats it.
The night before the wedding of the ten sisters and the bride, the parents invited nine unmarried girls from their immediate neighborhood, including the bride *** 10, to sit around the table. Then, the upper and lower four chaperones begin with poems or songs, and the chaperones on both sides sing a song in turn. The content of singing is rich and colorful. At first, I advised the new couple to be filial, diligent, polite and polite to others in the in-laws family. Then, they discuss the present with colorful colors, examine each other, show their abilities and give in to each other. It was very lively and lasted until dawn.
Crying marriage
Weeping marriage is an important part of Tujia marriage custom. Ten and a half months before the Tujia girl agreed to marry the man, she stopped going out to work. First put a square table in the boudoir, set ten bowls of tea, invite nine neighbors to sit around in turn, and start crying and getting married. The bride is in the middle, called "banquet", the right female is "banquet" and the left female is "banquet". The bride began to talk, answer questions and take turns crying day and night. There are rules for crying: mother and daughter cry, aunts and nephews cry, sisters cry, uncles and nephews cry, aunts and nephews cry, and scold the matchmaker ... for three or five days, some cry for ten days and a half. The main contents include recalling the deep affection between mother and daughter, telling the pain of parting, thanking for the kindness of raising, asking brothers and sisters-in-law to take care of their elderly parents and teaching women to be human. Weeping wedding songs are usually improvised. When you see your mother crying, you will see your aunt crying. There are different crying words and fixed crying words. Crying has a tone, cadence.
According to the process of marriage, the forms of crying and singing are generally divided into "one person crying and singing" and "two people crying and singing". "Singing alone" refers to the girl's crying about her own fate, her ancestors, her parents' nurturing kindness, her friendship with brothers and sisters, her feudal marriage and her matchmaker's words. Such as "crying father":
The stars in the sky have been unknown for several months, and my father has worked hard for me. My father's kindness is endless, and I can't finish it. One is afraid that we are hungry, and the other is afraid that we are sick; I'm afraid I'm uglier than people, and I've taken great pains to wear star Dai Yue. Fourth, I am afraid that my daughter has no education and send her to school. Now that her daughter is an adult, Fermi spends a lot of money. One foot and five inches with a female plate, just to take it from the mouth; Hard times need time, freezing and hunger need hard work! The daughter mistakenly thought that the rape flower was dead, and the parents worked hard at their own expense; When I left my parents today, I was very sad and tearful! It is difficult for women to be filial to their parents, and it is difficult to be filial to their parents for a lifetime; The lights in the water are unknown, and it is a waste of time to come to earth!
"Two people crying" is called "sister crying", which means that the married girl cries first, the crying partner comforts her, and the clause is inserted at the end, and the two people cry together and sing together. Relatives and friends in the stockade come to cry every night, and girls who are not friends and relatives also invite each other to learn to cry and get married in droves. For example, sisters cry to each other: Sister: "There are twelve branches on Thoreau's tree, and we have the same root;" Now that the sisters are going to be separated, it's too lonely to leave Xiulou! Sister: "Thoreau's tree has twelve branches, and we have the same father and mother;" "Sisters have to go now, inseparable! Big sister: "thoreau tree came to Taiwan to visit Taiwan, and my big sister couldn't rest assured;" "In your sister's husband's family, come back at the feast! Sister: "When thoreau tree comes to visit relatives in Taiwan Province, I hope my sister can relax and treat her well. Remember my teachings!
The musical structure of crying marriage belongs to the "couplet" structure, which is a long paragraph repeated many times. In the process of repeated crying, the melody changes slightly due to the change of lyrics, but the pitch and ending sound of the melody remain unchanged, and each melody begins to decline from the high notes. Decorative sounds are often used in the melody, and sobs and sobs are often added at the end of the sentence to show the sadness and depression of the mood.
The music of crying marriage forms a fixed tune, and the lyrics of crying marriage form a fixed chapter. The content is extremely rich and the language is concise. Generally, five sentences and seven sentences have many structures, smooth rhyming, popular and lively, and easy to sing. According to the wedding procedure, there are crying songs such as "crying dad", "crying mother", "crying brother and sister", "crying uncle", "crying grandparents", "crying matchmaker", "crying to say goodbye to ancestors", "crying to dress up" and "crying to eat rice after leaving mother".
Today, with the freedom of marriage, some places still keep the custom of crying for marriage, but the content of the lyrics and the feelings expressed are quite different.