? Ai Xinjue Luo Nurhachi (1February 2, 5591-1September 30, 626), the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the founding king of the late Jin Dynasty, is fluent in Manchu and Chinese, and likes reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At the age of twenty-five, he began to unify the ministries of Jurchen. In the forty-fourth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (16 16), Nurhachi called Khan in Hetuala, established the post-Jin Dynasty, and established the separatist regime in Liaodong, thus establishing Yuan's fate. After the Battle of Salhu, he moved to Shenyang. After that, it swept Liaodong, and the Ming Dynasty captured more than 70 cities in Liaoning.
? In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), the battle of Ningyuan City was defeated. In April of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to levy Halka in Mongolia. On August 1 1, Nurhachi died of illness and was buried in Fuling, Shenyang. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, he was honored as the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He said that he inherited the great virtues of Heaven, Guang Yun, Shengde, Ren, Wu Duan, He and Gao.
? Nurhachi formulated an important national policy of treating meritorious personnel well. On the issue of employing people, Nurhachi emphasized six principles: First, we should employ intelligent people. Second, regardless of family background, just recommend people, "regardless of the foundation, see its ingenuity and recommend it." Don't be bound by blood ties, and you will be promoted to a minister when you see talent. "These three departments are eclectic and have their own strengths." The brave in the cold war were used to run the army. Conducive to loyalty to the national government, used to assist the national government. "The fourth is to promote the sages and belittle the traitors, because" a kind and just person will not be promoted, so where will the sages be promoted? "If the unscrupulous don't kill, then why punish the unscrupulous?" Fifth, rewards and punishments are clear, meritorious deeds will be rewarded, and those who go too far will be punished. "People who do good deeds, though enemies, don't care, but they are promoted by meritorious service. Those who are guilty, although they don't kiss, will be punished. " 6. Give horses, cows, aha, food, clothes, money and wives to serve officials and generals according to their needs.
Early experience
? In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1559), Nurhachi was born in a small toast family in Hetuala (now Xinbin County, Liaoning Province). His sixth ancestor, Timur Mengge, was originally a family in the Yuan Dynasty. In the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1405), at the instigation of Ming Taizu Judy, he went to Beijing to pay tribute, was awarded the governor of Jianzhou Wei, then took charge of Jianzhou Zuo Wei and was promoted to the right governor. In the eighth year of Xuande (1433), Pei Jun, the professor in charge, was killed by Wei's "pretty jurchen" such as Azujiang. His son Dong Shan is the fifth ancestor of Nurhachi. He was first given command, and later promoted to commander-in-chief on the right. He and his uncle Fancha share the positions of left-back and right-back in Jianzhou. In the third year of Chenghua (1467), he plundered people and animals in Liaodong many times and was beheaded by the Ming Dynasty. Jianzhou Sanwei was brutally suppressed by the Ming army. Dong Shan's eldest son, Tuoluo, and his son, Mo, successively came to power and visited Beijing many times, making contributions to the Party. Dong Shan's third son, Aisinggior Roxibao, is the fourth ancestor of Nurhachi. Fu Man, the son of Xibaoqi, was later honored as the emperor Xing Zuzhi by the Qing Dynasty. Fu Man's fourth son, Jue Chang 'an, is Nurhachi's grandfather. Tucker, the fourth son of Jue Chang 'an, married Sitara Elmo and gave birth to three sons, the first one was Nurhachi, the second one was Shurhachi, and the last one was Yalhachi.
Aisingiorro Nurgazi
? Hitara died when Nurhachi was ten years old. Her stepmother Nora was a royal daughter and was very mean to her. When Nurhachi was nineteen years old, he had to separate from his family and got only a small amount of property. Nurhachi, Shuerhaqi and others make a living by digging ginseng, picking pine nuts, picking hazelnuts, mushrooms and fungus. He often goes to Fushun Guanma market to do business with Han Chinese and Mongolians. During this period, Nurhachi acquired Mongolian and had a basic understanding of Chinese. Nurhachi likes to watch Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, claiming to be resourceful. According to historical records, during his stay in Fushun, Nurhachi was adopted by Li, the company commander of Liaodong, and became his entourage.
? In the northeast at that time, the most important military force was the army of Li, the company commander of Liaodong. He took advantage of the contradictions among the tribes of Jurchen and with other ethnic tribes to control the situation. Aric (Nurhachi's grandfather), the right-back commander of Jianzhou in Ming Dynasty, was killed by Li in the second year of Wanli (1574). Aric's son, Artest Zhang Jing, fled to Gule Village (now Gu Lou Village, Jiahe Town, Xinbin County). Artest's wife is the granddaughter of Jue Chang 'an. [4]
Derive from heritage
Jue Chang 'an is the detachment leader of left-back in Jianzhou. He was the commander-in-chief of the Ming dynasty, and he was weak with few people. In the early days, he was attached to Aric, the "strong toast" of Jianzhou, and often led his troops into Fushun Mashi for trade, exchanging linen and grain for pigs and cows, and receiving salt, red cloth and thorns. In the second year of Wanli (1574), Li, the company commander of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, led tens of thousands of troops to capture Wanggaozhai and kill all people and animals. Jue Chang 'an and Tucker betrayed their in-laws and became the guides of the Ming army. In the 11th year of Wanli, Artetus, the son of Wang Gao, revenged his father and plundered the border many times. Li led an army to attack and killed the village he took and the mangzi village of his party, Ahai, which was a "legacy". Jue Chang 'an and Takshi were the guides of the Ming army and were killed by the Ming army in the war.
? The bad news came that Nurhachi, then 25, wanted to avenge his father, but he was alone. How can he fight against Daming's millions of "Heaven Emperor"? Helpless, Nurhachi blamed the incident on Nikan Wailan, Duke of Toulon, the left-back of Jianzhou, accusing him of instigating Ming soldiers to kill their father and ancestors, and asked the Ming officials to send him away. Unexpectedly, this request angered the arrogant Ming dynasty border generals, who refused it as unreasonable, and claimed to build a city on the deck to make Nikan Wailan the "master of Manchuria", so Nikan Wailan's prestige rose greatly. "So the people of China believed it, and it all went to Nyikan Wailan", and even the children of their relatives "swore to God" to kill Nurhachi and give it back to Nyikan Wailan. Nurhachi and his younger brother Shu Erba were released by Li's wife when they were defeated because of their extraordinary appearance. On his way home, Nurhachi met Yidu and others, and started a war to unify the ministries of the country with thirteen pairs of armor left by their ancestors. After he returned to Jianzhou, he sent someone to ask why the Ming Dynasty wanted to kill his grandfather and father. The Ming Dynasty returned the remains of Nurhachi's ancestors and father, and gave him "30 imperial edicts, 30 war horses, a dragon and tiger general, and a commander-in-chief". Nurhachi re-incorporated the old staff, including Ambulu and Anfeiyangu, and the new staff also included dozens of people.
Conquer the country
? In the 11th year of Wanli (1583), in May, Nurhachi led his troops to attack Nyikanland and conquer the city of Toulon. However, Nurhachi led the troops to attack the city of Toulon, but Nomina broke her word. Nikan Wailan predicted the news, left Toulon with his wife and fled to Overtime City. Nurhachi conquered Toulon and returned home in triumph. In August, Nurhachi attacked Deck City. However, Nomina, the former patron of Salhu, saw that Nikan Wailan was backed by the Ming Dynasty and was powerful, so she secretly leaked the news to Nikan Wailan, who got wind of it and fled to Huhun City near Fushun. Nurhachi threw the air again, and after receiving all the people in Nikan Wailan, he returned the air. Soon, Nomina and her brother Nikada made an appointment with Nurhachi to attack Balda. Nurhachi knew that the opportunity had come, so he pretended to make a contract. Before the war, Nurhachi asked Nomina to attack first, but Nomina refused. At this time, Nurhachi easily got rid of Nomina with a predetermined plan.
In the 12th year of Wanli (1584), in the first month, Nurhachi attacked Zhao Jia Town (now Zhao Jia Village, Xiayingzi, Xinbin, Liaoning), where Dai Li was stationed, and captured Dai Li in one fell swoop. In February of 13th year of Wanli (1585), after winning the victory over Sukhumi and Dong 'a, Nurhachi turned his finger at Sukhumi's neighbor Chen Zhe. Nurhachi attacked Fancheng, Chen Zhe with 25 armored soldiers and 50 infantry, but because his opponent was well prepared, Nurhachi got nothing. When Li arrived at Tailangang in the south, Salhu, Dong Gu and Balda led 400 people to catch up. Bamouni and Nash, the defeated generals in the Battle of Marton, approached first, and Nurhachi rode back to meet them alone. Nurhachi cut off Nurhachi's whip. Nurhachi returned to his horse, cut Nurhachi's back with a knife, split it in two, and then turned around and shot Bamuni with an arrow. When the pursuers saw the commander killed, they stood aside. Nurhachi himself went to the back of the house, hiding his body with the plan of the suspected soldier and his seven subordinates, as if there was an ambush, only revealing his helmet. The other team lost their coach, their morale was unstable, and they were afraid of an ambush. In April, Nurhachi led 50 armored soldiers and 30 armored soldiers to apply for Chen Zhe's department. On the way, he met Fan Jie, 800 and other five-city Coalition forces. Facing an enemy ten times his own, Sanguri, the grandson of Bolang 'a, the ancestor of Zaqin and Nurhachi V, took off his armor and gave it to others, ready to escape. After Nuerhachi denounced the two men, he shot and killed more than 20 enemy soldiers with his younger brothers Muerhachi, Yan and Wu Lingga. Although there were many enemy troops, they were afraid of Nurhachi's bravery, and their morale was greatly reduced, and they fled in succession. Nurhachi pursued the cliff in Jilin and won a great victory.
Qing Taizu
? In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), Nurhachi conquered Ehuhun and Nikan Wailan fled to the Ming Dynasty. Nurhachi asked the border officials of the Ming Dynasty to remand Nikan Wailan and put him to death. In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), the city was built on the abandoned site of "Jianzhou Laoying". After six years of destiny (162 1), the city was named Foala, that is, "Old Town" (now Erdao Village, Yongling Town, Xinbin County). In the 15th year of Wanli (1587), Nurhachi attacked Chen Zhe's stronghold again, killed Altai, the owner of the castle, and sent troops to attack Balda. When we arrived at Hunhe River, the river couldn't flow because of the high tide. All the soldiers were tied together with ropes and crossed in a single file. After crossing the river, Ye Yidu attacked Balda City at night, and the defenders were unprepared and rushed to fight. Ye Yidu led the soldiers bravely into the city. I was injured in more than 50 places on my forehead, but I still didn't retreat. Finally high-spirited conquered Balda city. The forehead was also awarded the name of "Batulu" brave because of this battle. Then Nurhachi led the troops to attack the cave city, and the Lord jumped into the sea to surrender. At this point, Chen Zhe's department was completely annexed by Nurhachi.
? In September of the 16th year of Wanli (1588), Su Wan Minister Sogo, Dong A Minister He Heli and Yalgu Minister Hulhan led three soldiers and civilians to join Nurhachi, which greatly shook it. Nurhachi is very kind to the leaders of various ministries who came to vote. Fei Yingdong, the son of Sogo, was the first minister, betrothed his eldest daughter to He Heli, accepted Hulhan as his adopted son, and gave him the surname Jueluo. Later, when Fei Yingdong, Heheli, Hulhan and Nurhachi just started the war, their generals Yidu and Anfei Yanggu were called "five ministers" and became the mainstay of Nurhachi's regime. Later, Nuerhachi attacked Zhao Jiacheng again and beheaded the casters Gu Ning and Zhang Jing. In the same year, Nurhachi conquered Yan Hong City (Wang Jia) and wiped out the last rival Yan Hong Department of Jianzhou Jurchen. After five years' campaign, Nurhachi conquered five regions of Jianzhou successively.
Unified jurchen
? From the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), Nurhachi marched eastward and captured the Yalu River Road.
? At the end of the 21st year of Wanli (1593), Zhusheli Road and Yin Na Road were successively conquered, and Changbai Mountain was included in its sphere of influence. Moreover, he sent troops to seize the East China Sea. Because Nurhachi officially proclaimed the state policy in June of the 15th year of Wanli (1588), he called himself Shule Baylor, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Nuzhen in Haixi.
? In September of the 21st year of Wanli (1593), just as Nurhachi led his troops eastward to conquer the ministries of Changbai Mountain, Buzhai, the leader of Jurchen Yehe Department in Haixi, joined forces with nine ministries of Wula, Huifa, Hada and Horqin in Mongolia to attack Jianzhou. The two sides fought in Guleshan. Nurhachi concentrated his forces, attacked its main force, defeated the Nine-Route Allied Forces, captured Buzhai, and captured Bubooth, the leader of Wula Department, alive, which laid the foundation for its unified war. Because the Haixi is powerful and difficult to conquer quickly, Nurhachi adopted the strategy of crossing Tomochika to attack, dividing and disintegrating, and breaking them one by one. While expressing deep obedience to the Ming court and friendship with North Korea and Mongolia, he focused on wooing the powerful Yehe Department and Wula Department.
? In July of the 24th year of Wanli (1596), Nurhachi returned to Buzhan, supported Buzhan as the leader of Wula, and married his sister.
? In the first month of the 25th year of Wanli (1597), the leaders of Yehe, Buyanggu and Jintai, were married successively, gradually isolating Hada Department and Huifa Department.
? In September of the 27th year of Wanli (1599), Nurhachi destroyed Hada Department on the grounds of betraying the Alliance, and captured and killed Mengluo. In the same year, Nurhachi adopted Mongolian characters and added letters to Manchu.
? The weakness of Hercynian Jurchen enabled Nurhachi to attack the East China Sea with all his might. From January of the 26th year of Wanli (1598) to November of the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Nurhachi invaded the East China Sea successively, and successively conquered Hu Ye Road, Nandulu, Suifenhe, Ningguta, Nimacha, Yalan, Erguchen, Mulun and Xilin.
? In the 29th year of Wanli (160 1), Nurhachi went to Beijing to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty.
? In the 31st year of Wanli (1603), he moved his capital to Hetuala.
? In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607), in the first month, Tsemut, the commander of the Nuzhen Gurkhayufei Department in the East China Sea, came to see Nurhachi and told him that his department had been humiliated by cloth booths many times after going to Wula, hoping to join the country. So Nurhachi ordered Shuerhaqi, the eldest son Chu Ying, the second son Dai Shan, and three generals, Fei Yingdong, Hulhan and Yang Guli, to immediately lead three thousand military forces to the famous city to appease the people. When the cloth booth heard the news, he sent his uncle Bokeduo to intercept more than 10,000 soldiers and horses. Shuerhazi and Buzhantai are in-laws, so he stopped on the mountain with Shu Chang and Nazib and watched. At that time, it snowed heavily. After Hulhan and Yang Guli split up to protect the defectors, they led 200 soldiers to wage a fierce battle with the pioneers of Wula Army in Wutaiyan. Then Chu Ying and Dai Shan led five hundred troops to flank, and the Ula army was defeated. Dai Shan attacked Bokeduo and his son, the main leaders of Wula, and the deputy generals Chang Zhu and his son, Hu Libu, were defeated and captured. In this campaign, the Jianzhou Army annihilated more than 3,000 people of the Wula Army, gained more than 5,000 horses and more than 3,000 pieces of armor, and won a great victory. The battle of Wutaiyan further weakened Wula's strength, and also opened the way for Jianzhou to reach the Wusuli River basin and the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang, which played a role in wooing the later barbaric Jurchen.
? Soon, Chu Ying, Dai Shan and others led 5,000 troops to Khura in the mountain city of Han Yi. In the 40th year of Wanli (16 12) in September, Cloth Booth and Mongolian Horqin led troops to attack Huerha Road belonging to Jianzhou. In the same year1February, Nurhachi led five sons Mang Gurtai and eight sons Huang Taiji to personally levy Wula. Jianzhou soldiers went down the Wula River, crossed six cities on the west side of Koch River, and arrived at the gate of Wula. Nurhachi ordered Jianzhou Army to attack the north gate of Wula City, burn its grain and destroy its gate. Seeing that the cloth booth was in a bad situation, they made peace again. He came to the middle reaches of the Wula River by canoe, kowtowed to Nurhachi and asked for forgiveness. Nurhachi withdrew his troops and returned to Jianzhou after denouncing all kinds of crimes at the cloth booth. After Nurhachi returned to China, Booth turned his anger to his two wives, Nurhachi's daughter Mukush and Nurhachi's niece Erxitai. Buzhantai once shot an arrow at Mukush and imprisoned them.
? In the first month of the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), Nurhachi led 30,000 troops, including Daishan, nephew A Min, general Fei Yingdong, Yeidu, Anfeiyangu, He Heli and Hulhan, to recruit Ula again on the grounds of betraying the alliance, imprisoning his wife and sending hostages to Yehe. The Jianzhou army is on a roll, connecting three cities. The nobles who were dissatisfied with the cloth booth and the helpless people in Ula all surrendered to the wind. Cloth booth led 30,000 troops to Walha City and decided to fight Nurhachi. When the two sides fought, Ula was defeated and the military forces suffered ten losses. The Jianzhou army took Wula city directly, and the cloth booth made the second son Dalamu lead the troops to defend. At this time, An Feiyang Valley attacked the city with a ladder and ordered the soldiers to take out the prepared earthen bags and throw them at the gate of Wula. Soon, they were flush with the city wall and the Jianzhou army entered the city. Nurhachi sits on the West Gate Tower, with state flags erected on both sides. The cloth booth has gone, and there are less than 100 soldiers. He came out when he saw the flag of Jianzhou. On the way, Daishan stopped the cloth booth. He rode alone to vote for Yehe. The city of Wula was captured by Jianzhou, and Wula perished. Nurhachi stayed in Wula for ten days and returned to Jianzhou with all the Wula people, including the cloth booth philosopher.
Aisingiorro Nurgazi
? In the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), Nurhachi destroyed Wula on the basis of annexing Hada and Huifa, and Wula Bellebu occupied Taiwan and fled to Yehe alone. Nurhachi asked Ye for a cloth booth three times, but he was rejected. In September, Nurhachi led 40,000 troops to attack Yehe. The Jianzhou Army has 19 small towns such as Kejidang 'a, Wusu, Yaha and Helsu, which are close to two cities in Yehe. Ye He asked the Ming Dynasty for help, and the Ming Dynasty sent guerrillas Ma Shinan and Zhou Daqi to lead thousands of troops with firearms to Ye He. When Nurhachi saw Ye He coming prepared, he burned his house and returned to Jianzhou with his people.
? In May of the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Ye Hebuyan and Goubel betrothed Dong Ge to Gu Erda, the son of Mongolian warm cotton, and captured six people from Jianzhou. In July, Nurhachi took advantage of Ye Laonv's marriage to Mongolia and sent 3,000 troops to the old place in Nanguan, ready to destroy Ye in one fell swoop. As the Ming court intervened again, Nurhachi had to temporarily stop fighting. [ 10]
Establish daikin
? With the gradual expansion of power, Nurhachi's name has gradually developed from "Congrui Baylor" to "a woman who directly governs and establishes the country and defends foreign control", and then to "the local king of Jianzhou and other places", and then to Kharkamun as Kundulun Khan. However, the Ming Dynasty paid little attention to Nurhachi's ambition. Even in the year before the establishment of the State of Jin after Nurhachi 16 15, Governor Ji Liao told the court that he was "obedient".
? In the forty-four years of Wanli (16 16), Nurhachi was called "the wise Khan who educated all countries" in Hetuala, with the title of "Daikin" (known as the later Jin in history), and became the great Khan of the later Jin Dynasty, which was known as the destiny. By this time, Nurhachi had captured most of the Jurchen tribes.
Battle of Salhu
? In April of the third year of the mandate of heaven (16 18), 13, Nurhachi was sworn in in in Shengjing, read out his seven great hatreds with the Ming Dynasty, and led 20,000 troops to attack the Ming Dynasty. Most castles in the east of Fushun were captured by the late Jin army. After Jin Jun attacked and captured Fushun and Qinghe, it was originally planned to attack Shenyang and Liaoyang. However, due to insufficient troops, the flank was threatened by Yehe Department, and at the same time, it was discovered that the Ming Dynasty had decided to reinforce Liaodong, which was convenient for the initiative to retreat in September.
? The successive fall of Fushun and other places made Ming Shenzong feel that the situation was grim. Levin, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War, is in charge of Liaodong defense. And decided to send troops to Liaodong and attack Houjin on a large scale. However, due to the lack of Serenade's reimbursement, we could not act immediately, so we sent an additional 2 million Liang's reimbursement, and sent troops from Sichuan, Gansu, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces to reinforce Liaodong, and informed North Korea and Ye to send troops to coordinate. After more than half a year's preparation, although most of the reinforcements arrived in Shenyang, the wages were not ready, and the soldiers were in a panic, and the generals contained each other.
? In the first month of the fourth year of the mandate of heaven (16 19), Nurhachi led an army to attack Yehe Department and captured more than 20 villages. I didn't go back until I heard that the army was coming. In the Ming Dynasty, Levin sent an envoy to Houjin to discuss the strike, but Nurhachi wrote back and refused. In February, more than 80,000 Ming Dynasty reinforcements arrived in Liaodong, plus a regiment of Ye and more than 10000 North Korean troops, which was about 10000, claiming to be 200,000 (470,000). Ming Shenzong has repeatedly urged Levin to attack. So Levin sat in Shenyang and ordered the soldiers to surround Houjin from four directions.
? After Nurhachi captured Fushun and Qinghe, the Ming Dynasty needed to set up a forward base at the junction with Liaodong capital, so it built a garrison in Jilin Cliff (now the east of Fushun City, Liaoning Province), strengthened its defense facilities and sent troops to guard it, so as to curb the Ming army's westward journey.
? Before the fourth route Ming army was dispatched, the attempt to fight was called post-Jin investigation. After learning about the action of the Ming army, Nurhachi thought that the two roads of the Ming army were dangerous and too long to arrive immediately, so it was better to defeat the soldiers in the middle first. So he decided to take the operational policy of "focus on your road, I will only go all out" and break them one by one, and assembled 6.5438+10,000 troops near the capital to prepare for the battle.
? On February 29th, the late Jin Army discovered that Liu Qijun's vanguard troops had moved from Kuandian to the north, and Juniper had led the main force of the Ming Army out of Fushun Pass and eastward, but the progress was too fast and it was isolated. After receiving the report, Nurhachi decided to take advantage of the slow progress of several other Ming-Road armies to concentrate on the Eight Banners Army and meet the Juniper Army with 500 soldiers and horses originally stationed in Hutu Alanan. On the first day of March, the juniper army boldly advanced and entered Salhu (now near Dahuofang Reservoir in Fushun, Liaoning Province). It divided its forces into two parts, the main force was stationed near Salhu, and it led ten thousand people to attack the cliff in Jilin. Nurhachi saw that the juniper army was alone. While sending troops to reinforce the cliff in Jilin, he led 45,000 soldiers with six banners to attack the juniper army in Salhu. The next day, the two armies fought, and the Mingxi Road Army was wiped out. After destroying the juniper army, Nurhachi turned the main force of the Eight Banners northward to meet the horses in the direction of Shangjian Cliff. The army of Mingbei Road was completely annihilated except that the main commander led several horses and rode back to Kaiyuan. Ye He was on his way to support Pan Zongyan's department, and Ye He withdrew after hearing that the army was defeated.
? The South Road Army led by Liu Ge failed to advance to Hetuala as scheduled due to the rugged mountain road and difficult operation. Because I didn't know that West Road and North Road had been lost, I still drove north as planned. After Nurhachi defeated Ma, he immediately sent his troops south to meet Mingnan Road Army. On the third day of March, in order to wipe out the south road army, Nurhachi adopted the tactics of luring the enemy to enter quickly and ambush and annihilate. In advance, he took the main force to set an ambush in Abu Daligang (Hutu Alanan), while a few soldiers pretended to be the Ming army, dressed in Ming army armor, and held the command of the Ming army, pretending that the Juniper Army had approached Hutu Ala and asked Liu Ge to enter the customs quickly. Liu Ge, immediately ordered to travel light. On the fourth day of March, when Liu Dingjun of Mingjun East Road set out from Kuandian, the people on the east side of Houjin fled to the deep mountains and forests. Liu Ling led the army to capture the shanzhai along the way, killed people with disabilities such as the lame and the blind, and marched all the way. When Liu Ge's vanguard troops entered Abu Daligang, they were ambushed and killed. Nurhachi defeated his subsequent troops with victory.
? Levin in Shenyang maintained a mobile force and did not respond to the Ming army of the Third Route Army. When Juniper and Marin were defeated, it was not until March 5 that Li's army was hastily transferred to Li. Li's army was slow to move, only to Hulan (east of Qinghe Fort). When receiving the evacuation order, it was discovered by the post-Jin sentry, ringing the snail on the mountain, sending out the impact signal and shouting loudly. Li Jun thought it was the main force of the late Jin Dynasty who launched the attack, fled in haste and trampled on each other, killing and injuring more than 65,438+10,000 people. North Korean Field Marshal Jiang Hongli led the remaining 5,000 soldiers down the mountain to surrender. Later, King hosted a banquet for them, then released them to China and wrote a letter to the korean king Navy.
? After that, Nurhachi outwitted Kaiyuan and Tieling, which made the Ming Dynasty lose the shield to defend Liaodong and then go to Shanxi. After several wars, the military strength of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong suffered a devastating blow, and Yehe was isolated. In August of the same year, Nurhachi led an army to besiege the east and west cities of Yehe Department, and conquered them in one fell swoop, killing the leaders of Yehe Department, Jin Taishi and Buyanggu, and destroying Yehe Department.
? In the sixth year of destiny (162 1), Nurhachi moved to Liaoyang, the capital of East China.
? In the seventh year of the mandate of heaven (1622), Nurhachi defeated Xiong Tingbi, the governor of Liaodong, and Wang Huazhen, the governor of Liaodong, and captured Guangning (now the northern town of Liaoning), an important town in the west of the Ming Dynasty. Then the golden lotus fell into more than 40 castles in western Liaoning, such as Yizhou, Jinzhou and Daling River. Xiong Tingbi and Wang Huazhen led the remaining Ming army and hundreds of thousands of refugees to Shanhaiguan.
? In March of the tenth year of Destiny (1625), Nurhachi moved to Shenyang. During his reign in Liaodong, he repeatedly carried out bloody killings in battles.
? In the 11th year of Destiny (1626), in January, Nurhachi launched the battle of Ningyuan, and Yuan Chonghuan, the garrison commander of the Ming Dynasty, defeated it and retreated to Shengjing (Shenyang). In April of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to conquer Mongolia, Khalkha Mongolia, and "entered Silla Wood Wheel to get its livestock". In May, Ming and Mao attacked Anshan, and Nurhachi returned to Shengjing. On May 2 1 day, Nurhachi went out of the city to meet Obabelle of Horqin Department who came to Shenyang.
stop
? In the 11th year of Destiny (1626), toxic gangrene occurred in Nurhachi in mid-July, and he went to Qinghe Tangquan for rest on July 23rd. At the beginning of August, his condition turned critical, so he decided to return to Shenyang by boat along the Taizi River, and went down the Taizi River by boat on August 11, and died of illness in Longenmen Chicken Fort in Fuling (now Zhai in Yuhong District, Shenyang). Nurhachi was buried in Fuling, Shenyang (now Dongling, Shenyang), and the temple was named "Taizu".