Cao Cao:? Liu Bei, there are 400,000 troops behind me. If you don't surrender, today will be your Memorial Day next year. ?
Liu Bei:? Cao Mengde, I've been waiting for 18 years for today's battle. Today next year, I will go to your grave. ?
This passage is really sad. A pair of old enemies in life, only when life is approaching twilight, really become rivals. Here, I want to send a greeting to Liu Bei's insistence on 18. His uncle works hard.
How many eighteen years can there be in life? From this day on, Liu Bei had the relative strength to compete with Cao Cao, and he was worthy. Heroes in the world are only the king and the ear. ? Evaluation.
A pair of heroes have a chance to talk about Tao at the end of their lives.
What happened in the battle of Hanzhong? We should know the whole picture from the beginning, know the gains and losses, and make judgments.
One: The preceding sound starts from Zhanglu.
Let's start with the battle of Hanzhong and Cao Cao's expedition to Zhang Lu.
Cao Cao easily conquered Zhang Luneng, which was actually an accidental joke. According to the normal process, it is difficult for Cao Cao to win Hanzhong. When Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu, the main problems he faced were similar to Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. Hanzhong is rugged, and logistics supply is very difficult. Time is delayed and food is often cut off. When the army runs out of food, people will talk about it one after another, and it will be difficult to take good care of this team when people are scattered.
In ancient wars, late supply was fatal, so after a period of stalemate, Cao Cao saw that he could not attack for a long time and was ready to retreat.
I don't know that something happened that night. Cao Cao captured Yangpingguan, the gateway of Hanzhong.
Two: Elk shines, and Cao Cao wins Hanzhong.
At that time, Zhang Lu's younger brother Zhang Wei was the commander of Yangpingguan. When Cao Jun retreated, the troops actually broke into the enemy camp by mistake. At this time, Zhang Wei panicked. Coincidentally, a group of elk suddenly rushed down from the mountain, giving Cao Jun a wave of assists. This group of elk rushed into Zhang Wei's camp like a fire cow, and pushed Zhang Wei's main account away by the way. After the chaos, Zhang Qian got a little scared. Cao Cao broke the customs, and then Zhang Qian.
As soon as Zhang Wei surrendered, Zhang Lu was puzzled. The geographical location is not there. He thinks he can't seem to beat Cao Cao. So he also surrendered. In this way, the mistakes in Hanzhong's retreat and the assistance of elk made Cao Cao fall.
In fact, Cao Cao's acquisition of Hanzhong was an unexpected accident, which was also the root cause of his greed when he later told Sima Yi that he was "watching Shu from the dragon". Getting Hanzhong is an unexpected surprise, don't be too greedy.
(Cao Cao wins Hanzhong's luck)
Three: How to defend Hanzhong
Hanzhong got it, but it was very troublesome because Hanzhong was difficult to defend.
There is a simple reason. Although there are many Cao Jun, we can't send troops here because the traffic is too difficult, but we can't give up. What should we do?
Cao Cao thought of a way, that is, to send a small number of troops to guard Hanzhong, and then move all the population of Hanzhong to Nanzheng, in order to shrink the defense and ease the logistical pressure.
It can be seen that before the Hanzhong War, the attitudes of Liu Bei and Cao Cao towards Hanzhong were actually quite different.
For Liu Bei, it is a strategic place and a battleground for military strategists. Without Hanzhong, Liu Beihui has been threatened by Cao Cao's forces, so he is determined to win.
For Cao Cao, Hanzhong, as he said in his own code, is a chicken rib, but it is a pity that it is tasteless to abandon it. This is Cao Cao's attitude towards Hanzhong. I can do without it. What's more, the population of Hanzhong was moved by Cao Cao as early as before the war, and he was even less distressed.
Four: the real process of the battle of Hanzhong.
The battle was triggered by Liu Beifang's initiative. At that time, the main forces of the two sides confronted each other in Yangpingguan. Liu Bei first sent Zhang Fei and Chen Shi to attack the rear of Wei Jun in an attempt to intercept the return of Wei Jun, but was defeated by Wei Jun generals Huang Xu and Cao Hong. Later, Liu Beijun changed his tactics. Liu Bei personally led the army across Mianshui, bypassed Yangpingguan, and finally stationed the army in Dingjun Mountain.
After the strategic shift was completed, Liu Bei led an army and confronted Xia Zhanghe in Dingjun Mountain. In the confrontation, Liu Bei constantly attacked Zhang He with wheel wars. Zhang He had no choice but to ask Xia for help.
As a result, Xia was attacked by the Shu army on the way to the rescue, and Xia was beheaded by Huang Zhong.
Five: Cao Cao was forced to participate in the war
After the death of Xia, the morale of Cao Cao's army in Hanzhong was low. At the same time, after getting the news of Hanzhong for help for half a year, Cao Cao finally personally led the army to support Hanzhong. This time, in order to ensure victory, Cao Cao prepared a large amount of grain and transported it to Hanzhong, ready to fight a protracted war.
Generally, when the battle is protracted, it is logistics. At that time, Liu Beijun's situation was actually very bad, almost exhausted. Cao Cao is short of food because of traffic difficulties, and Liu Bei is short of food because of poor national strength. Faced with such a situation, Liu Bei can only tell Zhuge Liang, who is in charge of logistics in Chengdu, that the situation is now critical and must be met with the strength of the whole country. After Zhuge Liang got the news, he began to do his best to support the front line in Chengdu. All the people in Sichuan are soldiers, and they all took part in the war, which greatly affected the economy.
(Map of the Battle of Hanzhong)
The war of attrition is about determination. Liu Bei must win Hanzhong, but Cao Cao is different, so the final winner is Liu Bei. After a slogan of chicken ribs, Cao Cao had no choice but to retreat.
Five: The hidden story behind Cao Cao's withdrawal.
So is there anything hidden in Cao Cao's retreat besides food and grass?
Actually, there are some. At that time, Soochow also launched an attack on the border. Sun 100,000 led an army of 100,000 to attack Hefei, which worried Cao Cao very much. He is afraid that under the siege of two roads, the situation will be even more critical. However, Liu Bei and himself have been deadlocked for so long and suffered heavy losses. After retreating, they will definitely stop chasing. Might as well go back to rescue. Another point is that there were hidden dangers of unrest in the imperial court at that time, so we must go back and deal with them, otherwise the situation would be even worse.
Based on the above two considerations, and the helplessness under the long-term stalemate at that time, Cao Cao finally withdrew and surrendered Hanzhong to Liu Bei.
Sixth: The Battle of Hanzhong is over.
In the battle of Hanzhong, in fact, both sides suffered great losses. Liu Beijun lost Wu Lan, Tong Lei, Ren Kui and other generals, with numerous troops. The people in Shu are all soldiers, and the economic losses are immeasurable. Cao Cao also lost a lot. Xia, the right-hand man, was killed, and so was the prefect of Yizhou. Cao Jun stationed in Hanzhong was almost completely annihilated, and no one was easy.
(Cao Cao and Liu Bei are not easy)
But Cao Cao and Liu Bei are different. In the face of this battle, Cao Cao used part of his troops to deal with Liu Bei and face Cao Cao. Liu Bei used almost all his strength, went all out and was half-hearted. It is not surprising that the half-hearted party lost, but this half-hearted is not what Cao Cao thought. Dongwu is attacking, there is rebellion inside, and there are foreigners in the north. Cao Cao can't help it.
As for who is stronger, Cao Cao or Liu Bei, after the war in Hanzhong, this is actually a question that need not be discussed. Of course, Cao Cao was stronger, and the battle of Hanzhong was only a strategic retreat for Cao Cao, not a failure.
For Liu Bei, the biggest gain of this battle may be that he can finally fight a fair battle with his old enemy and win it!
That year, Cao Cao was 54 years old and Liu Bei was 50 years old. This is the last time they meet!