About 1000 BC, the city of aksum in northern Ethiopia appeared. From the 2nd century to the 9th century, an independent country appeared here. The port of Adulitz in aksum is an important distribution center of Red Sea trade. The prosperous overseas trade here made aksum one of the four great powers in the world (Babylon and Persia, Rome, Chinese Empire and aksum) in the 3rd century.

In the 3rd century, aksum conquered Yemen, and since then it has covered almost all the transit trade of the Red Sea Trade Route. In the 4th century, King Ezana of aksum (reigned from 320 to 325) unified northern Ethiopia, conquered the Sultanate of Meroi and became the natural ruler of East Africa and the Red Sea. During his reign, aksum converted to Christianity, unified writing and developed Christian culture. From the 4th century to the 6th century, aksum countries entered its heyday and played a very important role in the international arena. It had contacts with Persia, Rome and early Islamic forces to varying degrees, and also participated in the competition between Byzantium and Persia for the Red Sea trade route.

In 525, aksum annexed Yemen at the instigation of Byzantium. In 570, Persia captured Yemen and occupied some coastal territories and trading cities in aksum. After the 7th century, Arab countries rose, merchants from the East and the West moved northward, and the Red Sea trade tended to decline. Coupled with the invasion of the northern nomadic Bei Ya, the ethnic situation in aksum is declining.

/kloc-At the end of 0/0, the queen of Agawu tribe in central Ethiopia led the struggle against aksum's conquest, during which churches and cities were burned down and Solomon's royal family was driven to southern Ethiopia. The State of aksum has never recovered.