Chicory is an annual or biennial herb. Roots are conical, erect and straight, with many fibrous fibrous fibrous roots. The stem is erect, solitary, 40- 150 cm high, with longitudinal edges or stripes, unbranched or with short corymbose or racemose branches on the upper part, all the stem branches are smooth and hairless, or the upper inflorescence branches and peduncles are covered with head-shaped glandular hairs.

Basal leaves are pinnately parted, oblong or oblanceolate, or pinnately parted with big heads, oblanceolate, or undivided, oval, elliptical, triangular, triangular or round, and all basal leaves are gradually long or have short wings; The middle and lower stems and leaves are pinnately parted or big-headed, oval or oblanceolate, 3-12cm long and 2-7cm wide. The base of the stem is sharp and narrow, the wings are narrow or wide, and gradually widen towards the base of the stem. The base of the stem is round, ear-shaped, and the top leaf is as big or as big as the side leaf, with wide triangle, halberd-shaped wide triangle and egg-shaped heart shape, and the side leaf is 65430. Branches of leaves or inflorescences below the lower stems and leaves are of the same type as the middle and lower stems and leaves, lanceolate or linear lanceolate, with or without splitting, long and tapering at the top, wide at the lower part and half-embracing at the base; All leaves or lobes and petioles have sharp serrations or large serrations of different sizes or leaves on the upper part and branches of inflorescence. Most of the edges are complete or the upper part is complete, the tip is sharp or tapering, the hairs on both sides are smooth and the texture is thin.

A few corymbs or racemes or solitary stems and branches are closely arranged on the top of the head. The involucre is bell-shaped, with a length of 1.5 cm and a width of 1 cm. The total bracts are 3-4 layers, arranged in imbricate shape and growing towards the inner layer; The outer layer is needle-shaped or Yangtze River Delta-shaped, 3-7 mm long and 1-3 mm wide; The middle and inner layers are lanceolate to linear, 8- 1 1-2 mm long and1-2 mm wide; All involucral bracts are acute at the top, glabrous outside or with some capitate stalk glandular hairs along the midvein in the upper part of the middle part of the outer layer or inner layer. Many small tongue-shaped flowers, yellow.

Achene is brown, oblong or oblanceolate, 3 mm long and less than 1 mm wide, flat, with 3 veinlets on each side, transverse wrinkles between ribs, narrow tip, no beak, white crown hair, 7 mm long, single hair-like, intertwined. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to 65438+February. Born on hillside or valley forest edge, under forest or flat land, open place or water edge, altitude170-3200m. Several times around the world.

It is distributed in Liaoning (Jinzhou), Hebei (Neiqiu, Zhangjiakou, Fuping, xingtai and Zhuolu), Shanxi (Taiyuan, Huoxian, Wutai, Hunyuan, Jiaocheng, Wuzhai and Lingqiu), Shaanxi (Xi 'an, Zhouzhi, Yulin and Meixian), Gansu (Tianshui, Wenxian and Yuzhong) and Qinghai. Jiangxi (Nanchang, Shangyou), Fujian (Shaxian), Taiwan Province (Tainan), Henan (Lushi, Tongbai and Songxian), Hubei (Yichang, Yi 'en), Hunan (Xuefeng Mountain), Guangxi (Lingui), Sichuan (Wenchuan, Nanchuan, Meigu, Wanyuan, Ganning, Chengkou, etc.

officinal

Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials, etc.

eat

1, fresh food: wash the seedlings or tender stems and leaves, blanch them with boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes, soak them in clear water, remove bitterness, cold-mix, dip in sauce, stir-fry or make stuffing.

2. Sun-dried vegetables: remove impurities from fresh vegetables, wash them, blanch them with boiling water, then rinse them with clear water, and dry them or preserve them in the sun. Soak in hot water, stir-fry or eat before eating.

Stewed meat.

3. Pickling pickles: Wash the fresh vegetables, drain the water, discharge the vegetables layer by layer in the tank, mix in relevant condiments, seal and store them, and eat them after 10.

4. Canning: remove impurities, clean and shape fresh vegetables, put them into a pre-cooked solution made of salt, calcium chloride and citric acid, cook for 2 to 3 minutes, and soak them in clear water.

Wash 1 to 2h to remove bitterness. Grading fresh vegetables, shaping, canning, adding prepared soup, sterilizing at high temperature in a sterilizer, cooling and storing.

5. Quick-frozen vegetables: remove impurities, wash, classify and grade vegetables, put them in a quick freezing machine for quick freezing, and then store them in a cold storage.

fodder

The stems and leaves of Sonchus sonchifolius are tender and juicy, and the water content of tender stems and leaves is as high as 90%, which is a good green feed. Pigs and geese like to eat best; Rabbits and ducks like to eat; Goats and sheep are happy to eat; Horses and cows eat a small amount. Cut raw or cooked before flowering, and feed 650 grams of chicory to rabbits every day. The feed intake rate can reach 77%. Chopping and feeding chickens and ducks also has a good effect. The hay of endive is a good feed for horses, cattle and sheep, and its palatability is a favorite food grade. Chicory contains more vitamin C. In 100g fresh grass, leaves contain vitamin C 1 1 to 68mg, stems contain vitamin C 1 1mg and carotene 14mg. The content of vitamin C and carotene in autumn is higher than that in spring and summer. The energy value of chicory can be rated as medium. Its total digestibility, metabolic energy, various net energy and digestible protein content for pigs, cattle and sheep are moderate. The stems and leaves of Sonchus sonchifolius are luxuriant, and there are many leaves, which are dense before the stem is pulled out. At the flowering stage, its stems and branches are still crisp and tender, and can also be used for feeding. The ratio of stem to leaf is 1 ~ 1.55, and the stems and branches tend to be senile in fruit, and the feeding value decreases. Under wild conditions, the yield of fresh grass can generally reach 30,000 to 45,000 kg/ha. The weight per plant is150-250g. Under this cultivation condition, the yield of fresh grass can reach 37500-60000 kg/ha, and the high yield can reach 75000 kg/ha. Forage base. Stems and leaves of Sonchus sonchifolius are crisp and tender, which is not resistant to trampling by livestock and poultry and has poor heat resistance. Cutting and utilization are better. Especially before flowering. In addition to green feeding, green hay can also be dried to make grass powder; It can also be used as silage. Pigs, geese, rabbits, goats and ducks should be fed grass. Hay is best for horses, cows and sheep.