1929, 17-year-old Changde Mountain joined the Second Army of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and began to work as a waiter for Guan Xiangying, and later as a guard for He Long. Under the training and education of the Party, Changde Mountain studied diligently, grew rapidly, did his duty in his work, was resourceful in fighting, and was brave and good at fighting. Deeply appreciated by Guan Hehe, he joined the producer's party in China this year. Later, he was promoted to platoon leader, company commander and guard battalion chief. 1934 was promoted to the head of the 6th Division 16 Regiment, and joined He Long and Guan Xiangying in the revolutionary base areas of Xiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. He is flexible in commanding battles, always rushing ahead when attacking and always staying behind when retreating. In the battle against Changde, he didn't leave the position until the Red Army finally retreated. In his body, he fully demonstrated the glorious tradition of unity and friendship among officers and men of the Red Army, and at the same time showed his lofty dedication. When he was seriously injured in He Long, he carried the injured He Long off the battlefield many times. Therefore, He Long often said: "In' Western Hunan and Western Hubei', Changde Mountain helped me to the ground in three battles. He is wearing heavy clothes and carrying three bullets. He was very brave in the battle. It can be said that without Changde Mountain, there would be no He Long. "
In the historic Long March, Changde Mountain was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Sixth Division of the Red Second Army Corps, responsible for preventing the enemy from pursuing heavily and covering the task of the main force advancing smoothly. When the Red Second Army rushed across the Jinsha River, Chiang Kai-shek's army blocked the front and pursued it. Changde Mountain was brave and good at fighting, and led the 17 regiment to fight bloody battles with the enemy day and night to cover the main force's victory in crossing the river. 1At the beginning of July, 936, the Second and Sixth Legions were ordered to be renamed the Second Army and continue northward. Throughout the Long March, Changde Mountain was full of energy. When marching, he helped the old and the young. When camping, he observed the terrain around the camp, set up vigilance, took care of the rest cadres and soldiers, and visited the masses. However, he seldom rested himself and made immortal contributions to the safe transfer of the Red Second Front Army. On one occasion, he scraped some wild ginseng on the mountain and returned it to the guards, asking them to cook one for He Long and Guan Xiangying every day to supplement some nutrition for the leaders. 1936, He Long went to Xi' an to meet Chiang Kai-shek, accompanied by Chang Deshan as the accompanying adjutant, which ensured the safety of He Long.
After the Red Second Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, Changde Mountain was transferred to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to study, and served as the captain of the first detachment during his study. Later, he came to the Central Party School to study Marxism-Leninism and military theory, which played an important role in Changde becoming an excellent commander with both civil and military skills.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, the Second Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army 120 Division, and Changde Mountain was appointed as the captain of 120 Normal University. At the beginning of September 1937, it advanced into the anti-Japanese front in North China. In late September, the 120 division, led by He Long, the division commander, and Guan Xiangying, the political commissar, went to Ningwu, Shenchi and other northwestern Shanxi provinces to establish anti-Japanese base areas.
From June 1938 to June 1 1 day, the Japanese army assembled heavy troops to continuously besiege the anti-Japanese base areas in Jizhong. In order to consolidate Jizhong and help the development of the third column, the Eighth Route Army Headquarters telegraphed 120 Division to advance into Jizhong. Changde Mountain, together with He Long, braved the severe winter snow and trudged thousands of miles, and arrived at Huibokou area in Renqiu County, Jizhong in 1939+ 10. At that time, the Japanese army was besieging Jizhong for the third time. The area north of Daqing River had been occupied by the Japanese army, and it was frantically sweeping the area south of Daqing River in an attempt to compress the leading organs in Jizhong to Ren (autumn), He (construction), Gao (Yang) and Su (Ning) areas in order to be wiped out by the whole army. The situation is very serious. In such an emergency, He Long ordered Changde Mountain to lead the advancing team to the north of Daqing River and attack the enemy behind the Japanese army. At that time, everyone was worried that Changde Mountain would be surrounded by Japanese troops on all sides in the north of Daqing River, but when he first came to Jizhong, he was not familiar with the situation and suffered losses. But He Long firmly said: "Changde Mountain is a brave warrior, witty and brave, and is advancing to the detachment!" After Changde Mountain led his team into Hebei Province of the Qing army, he cooperated with the troops of Henan 120 Division of the Qing army and the soldiers in Jizhong. After many battles such as Dacao Village, Caojiazhuang ambush and Xingjiazhuang interception, it dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army. Especially the famous Hejian Qi Hui Campaign, which wiped out more than 700 Japanese troops and created a brilliant example of plain operations. By the beginning of April, the third and fourth crazy attacks of the Japanese army had been smashed continuously. Changde Mountain also cooperated with the local reconstruction and restoration of various local anti-Japanese work in Xiongxian and Baxian areas in northern Qing Dynasty, which effectively supported the central government's offensive actions to crush the enemy.
On the eve of the fifth large-scale Japanese attack, Chai, the captain of the second independent detachment in Jizhong, organized a rebellion, and Changde Mountain accepted the task of quelling the rebellion. Chai Yuan was the company commander of the direct warlord Wu. After the Lugouqiao Incident, in the name of anti-Japanese, he set up a team of 1,000 people in Xinzhen and Wen 'an. After the establishment of the Jizhong Military Region, it was adapted by the Eighth Route Army, making it the second independent detachment in Jizhong. When the Japanese army launched a series of attacks on the base area in central Hebei, Chai could not stand the test of cruel struggle. Under the bribe of Wang Zongqi, the county magistrate of the pseudo-Xincheng County and the spy chief of the puppet army, he defected to the enemy on the eve of the fifth Japanese attack, detained and adapted political cadres sent by the military region, and killed military commanders sent by the military region. After several unsuccessful political struggles, He Long decided to quell the rebellion in order to consolidate the anti-Japanese situation in this region. 120 division and main force surrounded Chai's troops in Jizhong, and He Long ordered Changde Mountain to advance the detachment unexpectedly, and then went straight into the defense zone from the enemy rear of Xincheng. Suddenly the firewood was frightened. After fierce internal and external attacks, Chaibourne fled to a new town, with only his personal belongings. The rebellion was quickly quelled, and Chang Deshan made outstanding achievements. Most of the local farmers who stayed behind actively demanded anti-Japanese, and they were incorporated into the Eighth Route Army, which further consolidated and strengthened the anti-Japanese troops and shattered the enemy's fifth attack.
120 division advanced into Jizhong, and after several months of continuous operations, it cooperated with the soldiers in Jizhong and smashed five Japanese attacks. In the autumn of 1939, 120 division completed the combat mission entrusted by the headquarters and was ordered to leave Jizhong and return to Jinsui. The leaders of Jizhong Military Region asked Mr. He Long to leave a group of experienced old Red Army cadres in Jizhong to improve the political quality and combat effectiveness of Jizhong, a new anti-Japanese army. Chang Deshan was left in Jizhong as the commander of the third division. 1June, 940, the divisions of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region were unified, the third division was changed to the eighth division, and Changde Mountain was appointed as the commander of the eighth division.
The Eighth Division is located at the southeast end of the anti-Japanese base area in central Hebei, bordering the Jinpu Railway in the east and the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan anti-Japanese base area in the south. The roads and rivers in the area crisscross, the traffic is very convenient and the strategic position is very important. /kloc-in the winter of 0/939, after the Japanese army failed in its overall "mopping up" of Beiyue District, it began to shift its main force to "mopping up" and "nibbling away" attacks on Jizhong Plain. Changde Mountain led the troops of the Eighth Division to actively carry out the struggle against "mopping up" and "nibbling away". Repelled the enemy's attack many times and further consolidated the base area. At the same time, in accordance with the unified deployment of the Jizhong Military Region, the divisions and subordinate units were trained and consolidated, which made the troops take another step forward in the regularization construction. By 1940, the main force of the eighth division had grown to 23 or 32 regiments, and guerrillas had been established, greatly enhancing their combat effectiveness.
In order to smash the "cage policy" of the Japanese army, break its attempt to invade Xi 'an and strive for a better situation in North China, the Eighth Route Army headquarters launched the famous "Hundred Regiments War" in August 1940. According to the deployment of the military region, Changde Mountain led the troops of eight divisions, with the active cooperation of the local people, launched a large-scale traffic blocking war in succession, cut off the Pingda Highway, dismembered the Cangshi Highway, destroyed the Jiao Bo Highway, prevented the enemy from building the Shide Railway, cut off the enemy's telephone lines along the highway and railway, and interrupted the Japanese traffic and communication. During the outbreak of the war, Changde Mountain led his troops to stop, ambush and attack the Japanese puppet troops everywhere, which caused great losses to the enemy.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the Jizhong Military Region organized the battles of Ren (Autumn), He (Construction), Da (Cheng) and Su (Ning) with the Eighth Division as the mainstay in order to expand the achievements since the Hundred Regiments War. Changde Mountain was ordered to lead 23 regiments and 30 regiments to insert enemy-occupied areas with enemy points and towers along the two rocks of Ziya River. At the beginning of the campaign, the 23rd Regiment ambushed more than 90 people in Lihu Village, south of Hejian. Thirty regiments destroyed Cangshi Road for several kilometers in the south of Dacheng, and then captured three enemy strongholds, Liu Zhuang, Zangzhuangzi and Shige 'an, and wiped out more than 80 people. Then he set an ambush in Baimatang, killing more than 20 people in just 5 minutes. In the whole campaign, Changde Mountain led the troops to cooperate with the troops of the participating divisions, and after achieving great results, they developed to various places. When the enemy attacked the 23rd Regiment of the Eighth Division, which was active in the central area, the internal and external forces of the Eighth Route Army cooperated closely, leaving the enemy completely passive. Changde Mountain seized the favorable opportunity to cooperate with nine divisions, and even more than 20 enemy strongholds, such as Kemigezhuang, Bianjiazhuang, Liugu Temple, Qucao and Argument Fort, to destroy local puppet organizations and regimes, and cooperate with local regimes to establish local anti-Japanese armed forces. The battle lasted for 20 days, killing more than 1 100 people, which dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. After the victory of the Battle of Renhe and Dasu, the Eighth Division established the Renhe detachment, which opened up the anti-Japanese situation in Renhe and completed the task of "Hundred Regiments War" with neighboring troops.
The development and consolidation of anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, the continuous growth of anti-Japanese armed forces, especially the heavy blow of the Hundred Regiments War, made the Japanese army exclaim that "North China should be re-recognized". Therefore, from 194 1, the Japanese army attacked North China on a large scale, and the natural situation in the eight sub-districts as the central area of Jizhong became more severe. In response to the enemy's division, blockade and "nibbling", Changde Mountain led his troops to annihilate the Japanese army one after another, destroy the puppet regime and consolidate the anti-Japanese regime. Before July, the Japanese army "nibbled" most of Qingxian and Dacheng areas of eight divisions. After July, the Japanese army moved the focus of "nibbling" westward to Levin and the south of Dacheng. Changde Mountain seized this favorable opportunity and cooperated with the Ninth Division to launch the campaign of "Green (County) and Big (City)". He led his troops into the northern part of Heilonggang, attacked Tang Guantun, conquered and forced back more than ten Japanese and puppet strongholds such as Baiyangqiao and Ren Zhuangzi, cut off the enemy's railway and highway traffic, smashed the enemy's "nibbling", opened up the anti-Japanese situation in Qingxian and big cities, established the anti-Japanese regime of "Qingda County", opened up the area east of Ziya River, and deployed the main force to form Jinnan detachment, heading east to Jinghai and Jinnan.
1in the spring of 942, the Japanese army increased its troops in and around central Hebei, stepping up its "nibbling" and "mopping up", and the situation in central Hebei became more and more severe. In this situation, the Jizhong Military Region and divisions mobilized the masses to cooperate closely and fought bravely and tenaciously against the enemy. While winning many battles, they also made plans for decentralized transfer. By the end of April, the enemy * * * had assembled more than 50,000 Japanese puppet troops and, under the cover of planes and tanks, carried out an unprecedented "sweeping" of the Jizhong base area. Starting from May 1, the enemy started from various points around the central area of Hebei Province, and implemented so-called tactics such as "encirclement with iron walls", "pulling nets" and "combing" to compress and encircle the central area of Hebei Province, blocking the rivers, highways and railways in the central area of Hebei Province, and forming an "iron ring array" in an attempt to seize the leading organs and main forces of central Hebei Province. The counties of Raoyang, Wuqiang, xian county and Hejian of the Eighth Division led by Changde Mountain are the key areas surrounded and attacked by the enemy. At this point, Chang Deshan led the 1st regiment of the 8th Division and the 23rd and 30th regiments across Cangshi Road of Fuyang River, crossed the enemy blockade, jumped out of the enemy encirclement and moved to the clearance-Jiao Jiao area east of Ziya River. The headquarters of Changde Mountain here is flexible, the enemy comes and goes, the enemy comes and goes, marching day and night, and dealing with the enemy skillfully. It has successively attacked enemy strongholds such as Nantaozi, Zhaofu, Yaomadu, Sannv, Ren Zhuangzi, Baiyangqiao, Wen 'an and Xinzhen. In mid-May, they attacked Dulin and Sanfuzhuang, blew up two enemy trains on Jinpu Road, confused and contained the enemy, and effectively supported and defended the central leading organs.
By mid-May, most of the organs and troops left in the central area had highlighted the enemy's "iron ring array". In late May, the Jizhong Military Region instructed the Eighth Division to lead his troops back to the central region to attack the "clean-up" enemy by company. And the enemy is carrying out an "overwhelming war" with superior forces. By the beginning of June, according to the serious development of the enemy's situation, in order to preserve its strength, the main force of the 23 rd Regiment of the 8 th Division began to shift to the "Hebei, Shandong and Henan" area on the outer line according to the instructions of the military region. Changde Mountain left the 23rd Regiment and the 2nd Battalion to meet the 30th Regiment in the south of Suhe Highway. On the afternoon of the 8th, I got in touch with the 30th regiment. At night, I found that the enemies in Hejian and Suning had increased their strength and showed signs of converging with us. At dawn on the 9th, Changde Mountain led his troops to the Xue Cun area of Suning County, and was setting up sentries and building positions. At this time, enemies from Hejian, xian county, Suning, Raoyang and other places gathered seven or eight thousand people to multiply ten cars, and cavalry and cycling teams surrounded them, which soon formed an encirclement. At this point, the 30th regiment has arrived in Wang Ding, northeast of Xue Cun, and made contact with the enemy. Suddenly, the gunfire was loud. After hearing the news in Xue Cun, Changde Mountain made a decisive decision and ordered the reconnaissance section chief to take a company to cover the organs and radio stations, and rushed out while the enemy was unstable and grabbed the north of Suhe Highway. He personally led the 2nd Battalion of 23rd Regiment to cover the rear. But the enemy is mostly cavalry and cycling teams, and they move quickly. At that time, our troops and firepower were at an absolute disadvantage, and several charges failed. Changde Mountain reorganized its troops again, and he and Wang Yuanyin's political commissar continued to break through. When he just arrived at Zhangzhuang and Taishizhuang, north of Suhe Highway, the enemy motorcade in the west and the enemy cavalry in the east quickly surrounded him, and the firepower was very fierce. Changde Mountain was injured in many parts of his leg and body. He felt that the situation was urgent and ordered the guard: "Destroy the documents quickly!" He also ordered confidential personnel and radio personnel: "You should take off your military uniforms and put on plain clothes, and use the wheat fields to break through quickly, quickly!" Say that finish, he turned and grabbed a machine gun, took a few steps forward, and fell to the enemy who rushed up, and the enemy who rushed in front fell one by one. However, due to the disparity between the enemy and ourselves, the enemy was getting closer and closer, and most comrades rushed out under his cover. At this time, Chang Deshan's left hand was seriously injured again. He bravely shouldered the machine gun and pressed it with his right hand to continue shooting. After a long time, Changde died of multiple injuries, bleeding too much, feeling exhausted and black at the moment. At this time, the guard Hu Delan followed, and he seriously said to Xiao Hu: "Don't bother me! Don't die with me, I'll cover you and rush out to Baiyangdian to report to Comrade Jincheng, secretary of the prefectural party committee! " Xiao Hu couldn't bear to leave him with tears in his eyes. He firmly said to Xiao Hu, "obey orders! Come on! Go! " Hu Delan choked and was about to rush out when the enemy motorcade and cavalry surrounded him from both sides. A fierce shot hit the temple of Changde Mountain, and Changde Mountain, the eighth division commander who was brave and good at fighting, died heroically.
After the battle, men, women and children in the surrounding villages came to bury the martyrs' bodies with tears in their eyes with great hatred for the invaders and reverence for the martyrs. The villagers recognized Commander Changde Mountain and Political Commissar Wang Yuanyin, and they found the best local coffin to hold these martyrs. The villagers found that Commander Changde Mountain was hit by more than 20 bullets, six of which hit his temple, and many people burst into tears.
Changde Mountain's life is only 30 years, but it is a glorious life and a life of fighting, which has made immortal contributions to the revolution. After the founding of New China, in order to commemorate the martyrs who died in the war years, the Party and the people moved Changde Mountain's body to the pine and cypress bushes in the Martyrs Cemetery of the North China Military Region in Shijiazhuang and buried it underground with thousands of revolutionary martyrs. Marshal He Long wrote an inscription for Changde Mountain and spoke highly of Changde Mountain's life:
"Comrade Chang Deshan is an outstanding party member of China * * * production party and a strong cadre of the people's army. In his early years, he engaged in revolutionary struggles, participated in the struggles of Hunan and Hubei, Hunan and Hubei, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, and also participated in the long-term levy and anti-Japanese struggle. Because he is determined, brave and tenacious, he has made outstanding contributions and his performance will last forever. "