? As the son of a prime minister, what he saw, used and heard as a child was different from ordinary people. Under the influence of what Li Deyu saw and heard at the foot of the imperial court and the Emperor of Heaven, he was ambitious in mechanics and worked hard, especially Hanshu and Zuoshi Chunqiu. During his reign, he attached importance to border defense, argued for weakening the buffer region and consolidating centralization, which temporarily stabilized the situation of domestic troubles and foreign invasion in the late Tang Dynasty. ? During Li Deyu's reign, he made outstanding achievements and was good at writing. He quoted Cao Pi's theory of literary spirit in his Thesis, opposing carving and attaching importance to language. He believes that the article should inherit the tradition of "poetry" and "coquettish", saying that the sun and the moon are ancient and the situation is always new, so they are spiritual, and they pay great attention to literary characteristics, which is different from those who are fashionable and literate. His poems are also quite natural, with full feelings and sad thoughts. For example, his Miluo: "I'm far away in the south and I'm sick, so I stopped my boat and temporarily hung up Miluo people." It's all because the Shanxi merchants want to specialize in the country, but it's because they hate the king. Wan Li Bitan autumn scenery is quiet, and wildflowers are new in all seasons. Don't bother the fisherman, ask him again, you have your own soul towel to wipe your tears. "Scenes blend, sadness beyond words. ? Li Deyu's reputation is not great, but when he is mentioned, people will think of "the dispute between Niu and Li", which makes the imperial court malodorous. Even though he was a hero and a loyal minister, he was forgotten by people in repeated struggles. In fact, this struggle is called "inner-party struggle in Niu Li". When it comes to party struggle, it is bound to be a bad thing. It began in Muzong Dynasty and lasted for forty years after Jing Zong, Wenzong, Wuzong and Xuanzong. The leader of "Niu Dang" is a monk and a scholar's son. On the stage of the late Tang Dynasty, the two parties were in power alternately, and the literati and Sect were mixed. "Li Party" flourished in Wuzong period, and "Niu Party" flourished in Xuanzong period. As soon as one party came to power, the other party was dismissed and released, and I went in and out of the court many times like this. Forty years of disputes have consumed too much energy of all clique members, including Li Deyu, and also consumed the last bit of luck in the Tang Dynasty. ? But sadly, before that, he also wrote an article-"On cronies", and also talked about cronies with two emperors, Wenzong and Wuzong. In his view, the villains in history colluded with each other to form a clique for personal gain and harm the country. Being with honest ministers is the same way to govern the country. Even if you get married, you are like-minded, not close friends. He hated cronies and severely condemned them; Of course, in his view, he was not a clique at first, and he will never be a clique. But it was precisely because of his disagreement with monks and nuns that the court began to smoke and could not stop all day. ? As for the dispute between Niu and Li, whose fault is it? Some people think that this is the opposition between the "new class" born in the imperial examination and the "old gentry since Wei and Jin Dynasties", others think that this is the opposition between the main war faction and the main peace faction in dealing with buffer regions or diplomatic issues, and some even think that this is the opposition between reformists and conservatives. Of course, I think this is just an unprincipled power struggle within the ruling class. ? Li Deyu is a generation of wise men, but unfortunately he fell into the quagmire of cronies. Li Shangyin praised him as a "forever good man" when he prefaced Huichang Yipin Collection. In modern times, Liang Qichao even compared him with Guan Zhong, Shang Yang, Zhuge Liang, Wang Anshi and Zhang, calling him one of the six great politicians in China. It can be seen that the world spoke highly of him, but unfortunately, he was given an overbearing title by the emperor because of factional disputes, and then he was demoted to Asia. Even in such a desolate place, he did not give up on himself, nor did he use his power to accept bribes. Second, he wrote a book, praised the good and suppressed the evil, and was admired by Hainan people. Two years later, he died in a relegated place, and local residents should commemorate him.