, green cloth head, brown blanket, white cloth tied to the shin, wearing leather shoes and short waist blade. Vulgar and alcoholic, take the horn as a cup. "It can be seen that it is very common to take the horn of the beast as a cup, and it is not only used by the people, but also popular in the upper class, which can be described as appealing to both refined and popular tastes.
Up to now, Yi, Hani, Miao and Dong still retain the traditional custom of making and using animal horn wine glasses. When they slaughter strong cattle and sheep, the cutting angle is a cup and the cutting angle is a cup. The length of the cut depends on the capacity of the glass. Because of its large capacity, the Yi people in northeast Yunnan also regard it as a pot. The ancient ballad "Looking for Uncle with a hip flask on it" circulating in Zhenxiong County reflects the root-seeking sentiment prevailing in Yi society. Every narrative is to find uncle's position and place, and every search begins with "carrying a horn pot with wine on it", that is, using the horn as a pot. In Ailao Mountain area, the Yi people's croissants and Miao people's croissants are drinks that guests must stay away from when they come to the house. Because the horn cup and the horn cup are used naturally, they are not carved, and their round mouth and sharp shape make it impossible for guests to put down the cups after taking them away. This is really "people don't advise glasses."
In the wedding ceremony of the Yi people in Walnut House, Xishan District, Kunming, it is customary to hold a "banquet" with horn cups or claw cups. At the luncheon on the fourth day of the wedding, the bride and groom held a horn cup or a croissant cup tied with a red line and toasted the guests one by one. Guests must pick up the cup and drink it off, then respect it until the guests can't drink it, and thank you for asking for forgiveness. Those who can't drink immediately leave the table. Many people run away from the table because they can't finish the horn cup at once or are afraid of losing their manners after getting drunk. Although "Puke Wine" is called "Puke", the host family only "Puke" when most of the guests are full of food and drink. After "drinking wine", the wedding ended successfully. People familiar with folk customs will know that the festival is over when they see the bride and groom holding a horn cup or a croissant cup. On this occasion, the horn cup and the horn cup have the function of cultural symbols. In minority areas, most Neolithic pottery has been unearthed. Among them, all kinds of pottery pots unearthed from the cultural site of Bai Yang village in Dali, Yunnan Province have been around 3770 years ago; Pots, bowls, jars and pots were unearthed from Dadunzi cultural site in Yuanmou Basin. Bottles, cups, etc. Among them, the chicken-shaped pottery jar is a rare work of art in the Neolithic age in Yunnan, which was formed about 3225 years ago. Pots unearthed from Machang Neolithic site in Ludian, northeastern Yunnan include single-eared pots, flat-bottomed bottles, three-eared bottles, and polished black pottery with gray tires. This shows that pottery can be made and used in ethnic minority areas as early as 3000 years ago, and those exquisite pottery like chicken-shaped pottery pots are obviously not only used to hold water and other daily necessities; Among the cultural relics unearthed from Shizhai Mountain in Jinning, there is no doubt that pottery pots, bottles and pots are used as wine vessels.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the casting pottery industry has developed day by day, and many pottery pits are famous for their exquisiteness, beauty, practicality and generosity. For example, the Waque jar in Zhaozhou, Dali, western Yunnan is an excellent wine container. Among the drinking utensils, Jianshui five-color painted pottery in southern Yunnan is "exquisitely made and everything is unprepared". Won the prize at 19 15 Panama International Expo. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was once listed as one of the four famous ceramics in China along with Yixing pottery in Jiangsu, Qinzhou pottery in Guangxi and Rongchang pottery in Sichuan. Jianshui pottery, which is "sound like water and bright as a mirror", has also become the top grade of drinking utensils.
The Tibetan brewing vessel "Peng Zan" is pottery. It is said that Princess Wencheng entered Tibet in the Tang Dynasty. This thing is about 60 centimeters high. Retort bottom is used for holding water; Zhongan grate is used to hold green trees; Put the pot into the retort and pour in cold water; There is a funnel under the pot. Grains are cooked for a long time and distilled into wine through a funnel. Gold and silver wine sets: Gold and silver wine sets are not daily necessities, nor can ordinary people have them. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was mostly used by nobles and chiefs of ethnic minorities, and it was mostly used for sacrificial ceremonies, large-scale banquets and other activities. Mongolian, Yi, Naxi and other ethnic groups use gold and silver wine to show their wealth and piety when they hold ceremonies to worship heaven. In daily life, ordinary ethnic minorities rarely use gold and silver wine vessels, which is a sign of status. Ordinary people occasionally collect gold and silver wine vessels, but only use them in major activities such as ancestor worship.
The use of gold and silver wine utensils is actually not the need of drinking itself, but the need of psychology and concept.
Bronze wine vessels: the bronze culture of ethnic minorities is relatively developed, so bronze wine vessels have a long history, and a large number of bronze wine vessels have been found in unearthed cultural relics. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bronze wine vessels and tea sets have been widely used by the people, among which the spotted copper and red copper wine vessels in Dongchuan, Yunnan Province are the most distinctive, practical and beautiful, and they are handicrafts with appreciation value, which are famous far and near.
Tin drinker: Gejiu, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province is a famous tin capital. Tin handicrafts have a history of thousands of years. In the tombs of Zhou Li in Song Dynasty unearthed in Suzhou, there are exquisite Yunxi drinking vessels as funerary objects. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Yunnan tin wine vessels have been on the banquet and entered the homes of ordinary people. The tin wine container is crystal clear and elegant, beautiful in shape, moisture-proof and heat-insulating, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, and won the first prize at the China Chinese Goods Exhibition in June 1928+00. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, tin crafts such as wine vessels won many awards in national competitions or exhibitions. 1982 The design and production of "Huasuo hip flask and wine set" won the prize in the exhibition and evaluation of Beijing tourist souvenirs. The main settlement of the Bai nationality is Dali in the west of Dianchi Lake, "Cangshan is full of charm and moon, Qishan is full of smoke". The marble produced in Diancang Mountain, also known as DianCang Shi, is world-famous. Dian Cang Shi was called "cold water stone" by the ancients because its stone was moist and delicate, giving people a fresh and cool feeling. Our Xichuan Festival in Tang Dynasty made Li Deyu feel sober when he saw marble after being drunk, so it was also called "hangover stone". This is the earliest literature record of wine adhering to marble.
Marble is magnificent in color, magical in decorative pattern, green in mountain color and misty. Xu Xiake, a Ming Dynasty man, said that Yunnan marble paintings are "all clouds can live, and water is like sound"; The flagons, bowls and glasses made of marble are another wonder of the wine culture of ethnic minorities. Rehearsal of colored marble wine sets, Danxia dusk fans, mountain shadows, tempting leisure thoughts; Ink marble wine set, far away from the mountains and near the water, alternating with reality, fresh and pleasant; The glass "Cangshan Snow Jade Cup" made of white marble is as white as jade and radiant.
Marble wine is a valuable gift for friends and relatives. The use of marble wine sets has beautiful scenery. When you gather in the cup and put the wine in the wind, there is a romantic feeling in the cup, and the clouds are on your chest, which makes the marble wine sets present a unique charm.