Treacherous court official Wang Mang was notorious and turned out to be a dutiful son. I will tell you below, hoping to help you.

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The new dynasty, a very special regime, was sandwiched between the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty and was unknown. In people's minds, it seems that it never existed. This illusion of "turning a blind eye" is probably due to two reasons: first, the new dynasty only lasted 14 years, and its life span was too short; Second, the new emperor Wang Mang, notorious, consort of the Western Han Dynasty, was also the first "national thief" in the history of China. He usurped the throne from generation to generation, which was not allowed by Confucian orthodoxy. As a result, the world rose up and attacked him in groups, and scholars of all ages poured dirty water on him. However, this traitor is an out-and-out "dutiful son". Why is Wang Mang, the "great traitor", actually a "great dutiful son"? See how he treats his elders.

Before the birth of the imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties, what means did the imperial court rely on to select talents? Look at the origins of famous families and look at the "filial piety" in various places. Guo, a native of Yuan Dynasty, once compiled the stories of 24 filial sons in ancient times into the famous Twenty-four Filial Pieties. Among them, those exaggerated, surly and even crazy practices are simply morbid and make people get goose bumps all over. For example, Lao Laizi's "playing colorful games to entertain relatives", Wang Xiang's "sleeping on the ice for carp", Guo Ju's "burying a child to serve his mother" and so on. In the Han Dynasty, it won the title of filial piety, just as now it has won the "National May 1st Labor Medal". You can rely on this reputation to enter the officialdom.

Wang Mang was born in a big family, and his aunt Wang married Liu Shi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Uncle, uncle, even uncles and brothers of the same age have become big officials. Only follwed was unlucky, and his father died young before taking advantage of menstruation. Wang Mang is young, stand up, stand up. He has no money for capital and can't do other crafts. His greatest hobby is reading widely and studying Confucianism. But how can this feed a family? There's nothing we can do. The whole family, old and young, can only grit their teeth and live a hard life together.

Ban Gu recorded in "The Biography of Wang Mang in Han Dynasty": "* * Wang Mang * * * is a widowed sister-in-law and an orphan disciple, which is very well prepared. He is also very handsome in diplomacy and polite. " Although his father died, Wang Mang took good care of his mother, widowed sister-in-law and nephew.

Wang Mang's son and nephew got married on the same day-double happiness, so it is natural to decorate the house and entertain guests. At the beginning of the wedding reception, someone ran over in a panic and whispered in his ear, "Your mother is not feeling well. Now, she urgently needs medicine! " "Follwed immediately changed his face, grabbed the servant and ran outside. A wedding banquet lasted about two hours, during which Wang Mang repeatedly went in.

Wang Mang is not only distressed by his mother, but also obedient and filial to his uncle and other elders. Once, Uncle Wang Feng was ill. Without further ado, follwed stood by the bed and waited on him carefully. He stayed naked for several days and nights, boiled unkempt and his eyes were red, but he didn't complain. He cooks soup for his uncle, cooks medicine, carries excrement and urinates ... Even if he puts the medicine soup in a small bowl, he doesn't believe in himself ... Not to mention outsiders, even Wang Feng's younger brother Wang Shang speaks highly of this nephew. To this end, Wang wrote to the court, hoping to transfer his private household under the seal to Wang Mang's name. As the saying goes, "There is no dutiful son before a long bed." Wang Mang's kindness to his loved ones is really from the heart and from the heart. There is no need to pretend to be a dutiful son for anyone before he gets rich.

Why Wang Mang Should Reform and Its Content;

Wang Mang's reform content:

1, the implementation of "Wang Tian" and "private ownership". Recognizing that land and handmaiden are the main social problems, Wang Mang implemented "Wang Tian" and "private ownership" according to the mineral field system recorded in Zhou Li in 9 AD, and renamed Tianxia Tian "Wang Tian", and no trading was allowed. If a family with less than 8 men occupies more than 900 mu of land in a well, the remaining land will be given to the neighboring township party Committee; According to this system, people who have no land will get land * * *, and a wife will get 100 mu of land * * *. Handmaiden changed its name to "private" and was not allowed to buy or sell. Offenders were prosecuted.

2, the implementation of five average, credit and six tube. The so-called "five counties" are the five major cities in China, such as Chang 'an and Luoyang, Handan, Linzi, Wan and Chengdu, which are responsible for managing market prices and collecting industrial and commercial taxes. In the middle of each quarter, five officials write down the standard prices of various commodities, which is the so-called "market price". When the price is higher than the "market level", the inventory materials are sold at a fair price; When the price is below the "market level", people are allowed to buy and sell freely. Each county also has a city, which is in the same position as five officials.

Credit loans are loans handled by * * *. It is stipulated that in case of funeral rites, the poor can apply for an interest-free loan from * * *, and if they have no funds to run a business, they can also apply for a loan with an annual interest rate of 1 from * *. The fifth is to set up loans, plus the salt, iron, wine, currency and tax collected by Yamazawa, which are under the unified management of * * *, collectively known as the "six pipes".

3. Reform the monetary system. During Wang Mang's administration, currency reform was frequent. In 7 ad, he was ordered to make a lot of money, contract knives and wrong knives, parallel to the original five baht. In 8 AD, knife coins and five baht coins were abolished, and another small coin was cast to be used together with the original big money. In 9 years, the valuables system was implemented, and there were as many as 28 kinds of currencies. Because there are so many kinds of money that it is difficult to exchange and circulate, it was abolished in just one year, leaving only a small coin with a value of one and fifty large coins to continue to be used. In A.D. 14, Wang Mang abandoned the big and small money, and made a cloth and a cargo spring, which went hand in hand. But the ratio of these two currencies is very unreasonable. In a word, Wang Mang changed the currency system many times, which made a large number of farmers bankrupt and caused social and economic disorder.

4. Change the official name and place name. In order to be consistent with the official system of The Book of Rites, Wang Mang set up four assistants * * * * * *, three officials * * * *, four generals * * * *, and all eleven officials in the central government. Three ladies and nine ladies, two husbands and eighty-one scholars, six prisons. The local official system, official names, county names and administrative divisions have been changed many times.

Why does Wang Mang want to carry out reform?

Wang Mang's restructuring is a self-help movement of the landlord class under a serious crisis. He tried to limit the development of land annexation and peasant slavery, adjust feudal relations, ease the class contradictions that had intensified at that time, and consolidate the new headstrong regime through reorganization. However, because the reform touched the interests of big landlords, big noble and big businessmen, they strongly opposed it, and Wang Mang failed to persist and gave up the reform halfway. At the same time, due to Wang Mang's improper employment, corrupt officials used the restructuring to "invade fishermen", resulting in "unemployment of farmers and businesses and waste of food and goods"; In addition, there are many problems in the reform measures themselves, which have caused chaos in the political and economic order, undermined friendly relations with neighboring ethnic groups, increased the burden on domestic people, and intensified existing social contradictions. The long-simmering national peasant uprising finally broke out.