Paper, mulberry paper and other paper and bamboo paper were particularly popular during this period, and their consumption was also particularly large. The improvement of paper quality also promotes the development of economy, culture and other industries.
Zhang Daqian, a native of Neijiang, Sichuan, is the most legendary master of Chinese painting in China. Legend has it that before his mother was born, an old man dreamed of sending an ape into the house at night, so when he was 2 1 year old, he changed his name to Lin, that is, Ji. Later, he became a monk, and his dharma number was very large, so the world also called him "the Great Monk".
On one occasion, Zhang Daqian invited his friend Yan Jiyuan to Shi Yanshan in Macun, Jiajiang County, and found Shi Ziqing, a big trough household. After carefully reading the composition and production process of the paper, he had a bottom in his heart and began to prepare medicine for new paper with Yan Jiyuan.
Two months later, Zhang Daqian took the prepared potion and asked Shi Ziqing to try new paper. The water resistance and whiteness of paper are better. But the fly in the ointment is that the tensile strength of this paper is not strong and it can't stand heavy pen.
After consulting several experienced paper makers, Zhang Daqian decided to add a small amount of hemp fiber to pure bamboo pulp. After two months' efforts, a new generation of Jiajiang paper was finally successfully trial-produced.
The new paper is as white as snow and as soft as cotton. Zhang Daqian has a preference for it. He personally designed paper curtains and patterns and named them "Dafeng Paper".
The curtain pattern of Xin Dafeng paper is slightly wider than that of Xuan paper. There are lotus leaf laces at both ends of the paper, and the dark pattern is moire, which is located four inches inward at both ends of the paper, and there are dark prints of "Shu Jian" and "Da Fengtang Producer" on one side.
Zhang Daqian * * * ordered 200 knives of Jiajiang new paper, 96 sheets for each knife, which was tried by Mr. Xu Beihong and Mr. Fu Baoshi and praised in unison. Since then, Jiajiang Paper has gained great fame.
Jiajiang hand-made paper began in the Tang Dynasty, and Jiajiang paper entered a prosperous period in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the county's paper output accounted for one-third of the country.
According to historical records, in 166 1 year, two pieces of paper presented by Jiajiang, namely "long curtain paper" and "square fine earth paper", were tested by Kangxi himself and named as "Wen Wei paper" and "palace paper" respectively.
Jiajiang Paper has a great reputation. In addition to sending the capital to imperial examinations and palaces regularly every year, businessmen from all over the world gather in Jiajiang to purchase Jiajiang paper products. Therefore, Jiajiang has the reputation of "the hometown of Shu paper". In fact, Jiajiang paper, like other scientific and technological achievements, is also made on the basis of previous papermaking technology.
In the Tang Dynasty, starch paste was used as sizing agent, which had the function of filling and reducing fiber sinking at the bottom of the pool. After the Song Dynasty, plant mucus was used as "paper medicine" to make the pulp uniform.
The commonly used paper medicine is the extract of carambola and Abelmoschus manihot. This technology was adopted as early as the Tang Dynasty, but it became popular after the Song Dynasty, so that starch paste was no longer used.
At this time, there are many kinds of processing paper, and the use of paper is becoming more and more extensive. Besides painting, printing and daily use, China is the first country in the world to issue paper money.
This kind of paper money was called "Jiaozi" in the Song Dynasty and continued to be issued after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Later, countries all over the world also issued paper money.
By the Yuan Dynasty, the paper industry was dying, and only the south of the Yangtze River barely maintained its former scene. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the paper industry flourished again. The main famous products are Xuan paper, bamboo paper, Xuande paper and Songjiang Tan Jian.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, wallpaper, paper flowers and paper-cuts used for interior decoration were also beautiful and sold at home and abroad. All kinds of colored wax banknotes, cold gold, clay gold, thread, clay gold and silver paintings and embossed paper are mostly enjoyed by the feudal ruling class, with high cost and high quality, above ordinary paper.
During this period, books about papermaking also appeared constantly. For example, Paper Spectrum in the Northern Song Dynasty, Paper Book by Wang in the Ming Dynasty, and Heavenly Creations in the Song Dynasty all recorded the ancient papermaking technology in China.
The records of bamboo paper and leather paper in Thirteen Volumes of Heavenly Creations, Killing Green, can be said to be a summary narrative. There is also a paper-making operation chart in the book, which is the most detailed paper-making record in the world at that time.
After hundreds of years in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, by the middle of Qing Dynasty, China's hand-made paper was quite developed, with advanced quality and diverse varieties, which became the material conditions for the development and spread of Chinese culture for thousands of years.
The manufacturing technology of Xuan paper in Qing Dynasty was further improved and became a well-known paper. Most of them use local papermaking raw materials, all kinds of raw materials are available, and there are many kinds of paper produced.
In the paper processing technology, such as sizing, adding alum, dyeing, waxing, calendering, sprinkling gold, printing and other processes, there has been further development and innovation.
All kinds of stationery are popular again. White paper and elegant colored paper are highly respected in texture, and the colors are mainly bright and quiet.
Pastel wax notes in Kangxi and Qianlong periods, such as those depicting gold and silver patterns, those depicting Un-yong Kim wax experiments, those depicting multicolored calendered wax, and those depicting printed flowers, all painted with pastel and wax on tricolor paper, and then painted various patterns with clay gold or clay silver. The production of note paper has reached a fine level in Qing Dynasty.