-From where?
Song Chen's Watching the Rain
-Original works
Shanke Longzhong doesn't understand farming, and the porch sits and watches the wind and rain.
The front river and the back ridge are covered with clouds, and thousands of valleys and forests send rain.
The bamboo branches are depressed in Shanghai, and the wind blows the mountain corners.
I don't think the house is leaking, but I'm going to wash my armor.
-translation of works.
The doddering hermit is not familiar with farming, so he sits in the room with the window wide open and watches the changes of rain or shine outside the window.
The river in front of the house and the mountains behind the house are cloudless in Wan Li, and the rolling mountains and green forests send rumbling rain.
The wind blowing from the water made the bamboo branches fall and rise again, and the ridge surging with dark clouds was clearly destroyed.
I don't mind that my residence is shabby and leaking, but I just use this wind and rain to wash the swords and guns of the army.
-related instructions.
Shanke: Hermit. Jin Bao Pu Zi Zheng Guo: "If you can't follow the tourists in the mountains and walk alone, you should cover up the scenery."
Longzhong: An elderly person with limited mobility.
Don't know farming: this refers to being unfamiliar with farming.
Triumph: Open the window.
Sitting in danger: the ancients used to land on their knees and hunch over as "sitting in danger", that is, kneeling upright to show seriousness and respect. Sit up straight with your back finger.
Clouds: clouds and fog.
Thousands of valleys and forests: describe many valleys and forests. Seagulls, pits and valleys, deep ditches.
H: This refers to the rainstorm.
Corner: A corner of a mountain that protrudes outward.
Hui (Hu): It's hazy.
Gan (gān): a variant of the word "gan", dry.
Armored soldiers: armor and weapons.
-Creative background.
Watching the rain was written in the summer of 1 130. In October, the third year of Song Gaozong Jianyan (A.D. 1 129), the Nomads attacked Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) and Yuezhou on the southeast front, then pursued the Emperor of the Song Dynasty from the sea, and Gaozong fled from Mingzhou to Wenzhou. On the front line of the two lakes (Hunan and Hubei), Jin Bing advanced to Changsha, Hunan in the spring of 1 130. In February of that year, Changsha Shoushuai actively organized the military and civilians to resist stubbornly, and the situation improved slightly. After the fall of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), the poet lived in Shaoyang, Hunan, and now lives in the town of Moushan. A summer rain falls and the poet's thoughts fly with the rain. Although this poem is about rainy scenery, it contains the poet's great concern about the current situation, rather than writing scenery for the sake of writing scenery.
-Appreciation of works.
The couplet at the beginning of the poem points out the identity, mood and manner of the poet at this time; Zhuan Xu writes about scenery, which is magnificent and magnificent; Necklace is not only the real scene in front of us, but also the poet's expectation of the situation; At the end of this book, I wrote about the feeling of watching the rain and expressed my longing for Victor King. Although this poem is about rainy scenery, it contains the poet's great concern about the current situation.
Pointed out the identity, mood and manner of the poet at this time. "Mountain guest" is the poet's self-description, "guest" points out the situation, and "dragon bell" writes the poet's mental state; "Ignorance of agriculture" means that the poet can't (understand) agriculture and mulberry. Here, the author is telling about that unfortunate era, not introducing himself. Living in a foreign land is because the country is ruined; Mental fatigue is due to drift from place to place; We don't care about farming and mulberry, because in this war-torn era, peaceful production is impossible. The sentence of the first couplet shows the poet's distinct attitude towards this particular era, which is cause and object. Conversation is the fruit, the "master", and "sitting in danger" shows the poet's solemn manner and heavy mood. "Rain or shine is uncertain" is a pun, which is not only the change of weather, but also the dynamic situation of resisting gold at that time. This is naturally related to the previous "Don't Know Farming", and "Watching the Rain" and "The Current Situation" are round and seamless.
"Qianjiang Houling is full of clouds, and thousands of forests send rain." Write the scenery, the scene is magnificent and magnificent. Rivers and valleys, forests and mountains, clouds and rain. The poet not only wrote the inherent characteristics of summer clouds and rain, but also expressed his broad and profound thoughts at the moment: the surging clouds and heavy rains in vast areas are a portrayal of the subversion and relocation of the whole country. Not only the rain scene, but also the present situation is written here. The supreme ruler did not carry out strong resistance, which led to the overwhelming situation of nomadic people. Here, "cloud" and "rain" are skillfully combined.
Although the violent clouds and rain covered everything, everything in the rain did not completely yield, and the situation was not dark. There is also unyielding resistance in the cloudy rain curtain, and there is also a chance of life in the shaky crisis (here mainly refers to the active anti-gold move of Changsha Shoushuaiyan at that time). Necklace is not only the real scene in front of us, but also the poet's expectation of the situation. The bamboo branches stand tenaciously, and the light is exposed to the high mountain corners, where the wind blows. Here, the poet's careful observation of rain changes shows that he is highly concerned about reality.
The sentence at the end of the couplet is translated from Du Fu's poem "There is no leakage at the bedside", and the antithesis is also Lao Du's poem "It doesn't take long to wash your nails", which is just the opposite here. The author thought of another allusion from the rain: when the king of Wu attacked Yin, it rained heavily. Jiang Taigong said: "This is God washing our armor and helping me attack!" If we raise troops and cut gold in the Song Dynasty, we can also use this heavy rain to wash weapons. If so, what's wrong with my personal house leaking rain! "Of course," rain "here refers to good things that help resist gold. For example, active resistance policies, effective operational measures, concerted efforts by Qi Xin and Shanghai, and stimulating the atmosphere of public opinion. , are different from the gloomy oppression and precarious situation mentioned above (this is also a pun in a broad sense). This is determined by the fuzziness of the image, and also by the poet's original intention of caring about the current situation and hoping for a better political situation.
Of course, the whole poem also uses figures of speech such as personification and antithesis, which makes it rich in charm; But the key is the use of pun, which seamlessly integrates the immediate natural phenomena, the poet's perception of natural phenomena and his anxious and profound thinking about reality, broadens the artistic conception of poetry, deepens the connotation of poetry, is full of vitality and aesthetic significance, and is the representative work of Chen Xianzhang's poetry.
-About the author-
Chen (1090- 1 138), Han nationality, originally from Jingzhao, moved to Luoyang from his great-grandfather, and was born in Luoyang, Henan Province in the Song Dynasty. Yuan You was born in Song Zhezong in the fifth year (1090) and died in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong in the eighth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 138). At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was an outstanding poet and also wrote lyrics. Although there are only more than ten existing ci poems, they are unique in style, especially close to Su Dongpo, with superb meaning and rhyme, brilliant brushwork and natural style, and the author of "Collection of Jane Zhai".