In the twenty-fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Tingzhou was established, and Wuping (now Zhongshan) and Nan 'an (now Pingchuan) were established. In the third year of Nantaibao, Wuping and Nan 'an were Wupingchang. Song Taizong Chunhua five years (994) was promoted to Wuping County. Zhongshan is the seat of Harada governance and prefectural governance. In the first month of the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Wuping was built by thousands of households, referred to as Wusuo. According to the National Wuping County Records, 35 military names were transferred to the martial arts school in the Ming Dynasty. Among them, 17 surnames came from Jiangxi, except Wei from Yongfeng (now Ji 'an) in Jizhou, and 15 surnames of Jiujiang Dehua came from Fuzhou. Phonologically and lexically, military dialect is similar to Gan dialect, but it has strong independence and consciousness beyond Wuping Hakka dialect. Hakka people who enter military families and become one of them must learn military dialects. This strong consciousness makes the military language passed down from generation to generation.
Zhongshan Town, Wuping is located in the Hakka area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. It is an ancient town with a thousand-year-old culture and is known as the "small capital". Tang Ningshi was the seat of Tian County, Wuping County, formerly known as Wuping Institute, referred to as Wusuo. There are no more than 10,000 people in Zhongshan Village, and Fiona Fang is only ten miles away, but there are 100 families with surnames, and there has been a court since the Qing Dynasty. This kind of cultural spectacle is unique in towns and villages all over the country, which has attracted the attention of academic and cultural circles at home and abroad, and is known as the "Hakka town".
Wu's three cities all have two outlines. The three cities refer to the old city, the new city and the moon city. The second side refers to the stone side and the saint side. The folk proverb "There is no imperial city, there is a stone profile first" tells us that there is a profile first, then there is a city; There are 5 towers and 8 gates in Wu, of which Ying 'en Gate (East Gate), Yong 'an Gate (South Gate), Ping 'an Gate (West Gate) and Changle Gate Gate (North Gate) are the old gates, while Tongji Gate, Chaoyang Gate, Watergate and Wenming Gate are the four gates of the new city. The city is surrounded by a moat, a training ground outside Chaoyang Gate of the new city, and an old training ground. These buildings, which have lasted for more than 100 years, are now left with the "Yinmen Gate". It was built in the 24th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (139 1 year), 26 years earlier than Tian-Anmen (14 17 year). There are stone buildings on Yingenmen City, which is magnificent. Boarding the tower, you can have a panoramic view of the old and new cities, just like the old portrayal: "One foot on the double bridge, the forest lighthouses on both sides, the fish jumping in the city, and thousands of households entering the sky." When night falls, thousands of lights shine like stars. Moss-covered city bricks, mottled building plaques and two stone pillars left on the rostrum are all solidified history.
In the main roads and intersections of old and new cities, there are illusory and dazzling lanterns. Hakka Lantern Festival usually lasts only three days, but it lasts seven days in Zhongshan, from the 13th to 19th of the first month. Lanterns in martial arts are like Nanjing city. It is said that this was chartered by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, which is a little comfort to the homesick soldiers. The lanterns here are very big. A lantern goes up and down two floors, like a small house. Upstairs are lampshades painted with grotesque faces, such as "The Fairy Delivers the Son", "Three-Yuan Collection", "Eight Immortals' Birthday", "Zhang Sheng jumps over the wall", "Fish jumps over the Dragon Gate" and "Golden Rooster announces the dawn". ..... depicting the human landscape. Each lantern has seventy-two rings, representing seventy-two rows, and each row is the champion. The lower floor is the puppet stage, where visitors can watch lanterns from above and puppets from below. But there are more than 10 puppet lanterns, which is really dizzying.
The most outstanding historical heritage of the new town is the Xiangta (also called the Broken Tail Tower), which stands tall in the wind and rain. Built in the year of Jiaqing Xinhai (A.D. 155 1), the height is 14.7 meters. The tower is divided into seven floors, each octagonal, with one to five floors. There are symmetrical doorways around each floor, and the sixth and seventh floors are capped. The top of the tower has collapsed, and the gourd-shaped top is still recognizable.
Walking out of the ancient street, you can see Yong 'an Bridge on the Wuxi River, which is the largest of the top ten ancient bridges in Wusuo. Total length 1 1 14m, height 17m, width 3.5m, completed in the decade of Daoguang (1830). According to legend, Mrs. Wang in the Qing Dynasty celebrated her eightieth birthday and was charitable. When she heard that Tongji Bridge (the name of the bridge) in Zhongshan was destroyed again, she told her children not to hold a banquet to celebrate their birthdays and rebuild the bridge with the money from the banquet. After this reconstruction, Tongji Bridge was renamed Yong 'an Bridge. Among the eight archways, twenty stone tablets were alternately embedded: one said Yong 'an and the other said "Mother's life follows the light". Until today.
The historical sites of the five institutes include three ancient bridges, three cities built by one tree, seven tigers, nine wells and eleven temples, as well as nine surrounding Shibuya villages, which show the rise and fall of the five institutes in the Millennium.
My collected surnames of Zhongshan 102 are: Liu, Zhao, Xu, Zeng, Lai, Zhong, Li, Lin, Ling, Ma, Ji, Dai, Niu, Wang, Pan, Cheng, Liao, Ou, Lan, Lan, Wei, Qiu, Zhou, Shi, Hong, Zhang. Feng, Tian, Cao, Xia, Ni, Lian, Tang, Ai, Xiong, Neng, Shen, Fu, Li, Gao, Ye, Jiang, Song, Ren, Dai, Hua, Ji, Guan, Mai, Hou, Huang, Pu, Lian, Zhu, Cai, He, Lian.
Zhu Yuanzhang gave an order and issued 35 surnames.
"Before Zhuge Liang, there was a strategist, and after that, there was a strategist Liu Bowen." Zhu Yuanzhang won the world by being a hero, but he didn't blink. The Qing palace building fired guns, abolished witches and divided them into six departments, and created guards. The Ministry of War and the five-army governor's office were in charge respectively ... Emperor Zhu sat firmly in the golden chair and monopolized the power, so the country's 6.5438+0.8 million troops were incorporated into various guards. Now Zhongshan has become the home of thousands of families in Wuping, and it has been called Wusuo ever since.
Zhu Yuanzhang really contributed to the first surge of Zhongshan surnames. At that time, bandits rebelled in this area, and Emperor Zhu ordered the suppression of the riots. Those military attaché s looked at each other, all fat, and really didn't want to bother running around. Zhu Yuanzhang turned his head and called a big barrel of raw pork with hair, saying that whoever can eat raw pork on the spot will be saved from going to war. 18 The military attache remembered the hot kang of his wife and children, gritted his teeth, stood up resolutely and ate their hair and meat for a while. 18 The soldier secretly rejoiced that he had been robbed. Unexpectedly, there is a master on a tall man's head. How can such a person be considered the son of heaven? Zhu Chengzu of Ming Dynasty issued a decree: "Those who eat wool and meat are really tigers, and they are all named generals to Wuping." Therefore, 18 military attache's intestines are going to regret, and they can only sigh that they have made swords and swords in their lives, not that you can be brothers.
Hearing the legend of eating raw pork, we walked on the road of "xianggong" Wu Jia Village in Taiping Village. Wu Jia Village is the descendant of General Jia Fu of 18. It is said that the name Duan Xianggong was also given by the court. Not far from here are Xianggong Mountain, Xianggong Village and Xianggong Tower. I don't know if these have anything to do with Jia Fu and his men. It is already dusk. If a touch of twilight covers the wasteland of that year, the vicissitudes of 600 years will float and sink in the dusk. When Jia Fu led 5,000 soldiers to the martial arts school, it must be so bleak. The bandits had long heard of the wind and scattered stars, but Zhu Yuanzhang gave a dead order: the soldiers who went out to camp were executed on the spot. Looking back at the capital, the capital is far from Qianshan, and there is no chance for it anymore. From then on, every month, every night, tears and rain wet the dream of 5 thousand wanderers. There are only 35 surnames left in the martial arts school, leaving only an embarrassing song of surnames: "Xu Zhoushu, Qiu Hongcheng, Xia Tao, and Hou Maojiadong, Zhu Moluo, dare to eat hairy meat is really heroic."
Oh, no, there is still a unique light show in Zhongshan. The Lantern Festival in Hakka usually lasts only three days, but it takes seven days in Zhongshan, from 13 to 19 in the first month. Wu Xu's lanterns are like Nanjing City. It is said that this was chartered by Zhu Yuanzhang, which is a little comfort to the homesick soldiers. The lanterns here are very big. A lantern goes up and down two floors, like a small house. There are colorful lampshades hanging upstairs, such as "Fairy Sending Son", "Three-way Collection", "Eight Immortals Birthday", "Zhang Sheng Climbing Over the Wall", "Fish Leaping over the Dragon Gate" and "Golden Rooster Crowing", which all depict the human landscape. Each lantern has 72 rings, which means 72 rows are the best. At that time, all the newly added families were filled with oil lamps, which were burning, rotating and changing, dazzling and beautiful. In the cheers, the red-faced puppet artist escaped from the wine order of "Long life, three bright stars, and four seasons make a fortune", got into the puppet stage under the lantern, and the classical opera began. Tourists go to see lanterns and puppets. This kind of lantern puppet has won more than 10 sets for a long time, which is really dizzying. "There are many happy events in big lanterns, so be careful to use paste and paper to copy. There is good news in the battle. Dragon lanterns go to shuttle, bowls, gongs, drums, cymbals, flutes and flutes play together, and the piano and songs are in harmony. " This description of Lin, Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, is a portrayal of Zhongshan Lantern Opera.
The bloody martial arts school and the empty city completed the settlement of the people.
In the morning light, I stood in front of the remaining "Yingen Gate" in Wusuo for a long time.
Five institutes and three cities: old city, new city and moon city. There are five towers and eight doors: Ying 'en, Yong 'an, Changle, Tongji, Chaoyang, Yongding, Wenming and Shuimen. There is a moat around the city, and outside the Chaoyang gate of the new city is a teaching field, which used to be a place for training. These buildings, which lasted for more than 100 years before and after the Ming Dynasty, are left with the "Yingen Gate". Mossy city bricks, mottled building plaques, stone pillars of two collapsed towers left at the top of the city gate, and unclear documents on the stone pillars all seem to be telling a solidified history: the blood washing of Wusuo City.
I don't know the darkness of night during the day, so I can only close my eyes and appreciate the KB darkness of Qing Shunzhi for five years.
"In the dark night, killing and setting fire to the sky." It was a dark night in a month, and the Qing army lit an uncivilized fire outside the civilized gate of the martial arts school. The door of civilization collapsed in the firelight, and the martial arts personnel who vowed not to drop the Qing Dynasty fled everywhere. And the Qing soldiers who had already been lying in ambush outside the other seven doors, holding swords and guns at the same time, had innocent heads rolling like watermelons, with rivers of blood and bloody smell for months. Except those who have the courage to break through the door of civilization and light. Few of the rest survived. Some families have disappeared, some families have only a seven-year-old boy who escaped from the corpse pile, and some families even have only a fetus crawling in the mother's womb. Thousands of unowned bones were later buried together in a big grave. In front of the grave was a stone tablet with a big word: "heartthrob." This stone tablet is now in the Wuping County Museum, which is the hard evidence of that bloody history.
Strangely, however, the tragic massacre did not reduce Zhongshan's surname. On the contrary, the surname of Zhongshan increased for the second time after the massacre. Perhaps it is because this is an empty city, and the barren land is in urgent need of reclamation. After the pacification, the Qing government called on refugees to come here for reclamation. At one time, many homeless refugees flocked from all over the country. Some dragon surnames and Zhu surnames in Zhongshan moved from Xundian, Yunnan. Long Zhenhai, the ancestor of the dragon surname, was a general. Shunzhi was transferred to the martial arts school in the sixth year, and his subordinates came with the levy. A group of Yunnan people settled in Zhongshan. Hakkas from neighboring counties flocked, and Zhang Si's ancestor Lu was moved by four families in Jinfeng, Yongding County. The four surnames * * * created the foundation and lived in harmony for hundreds of years. In order to make future generations not forget the difficulty of starting a business, the four surnames must eat taro in the first bowl of dishes during the New Year, which has remained unchanged for hundreds of years and is widely spread in the local area.
Soon, the fleeing aborigines moved back one after another. After all, it's hard to leave the hot land. Zhang, a seven-year-old boy, escaped from a pile of corpses, married and had children when he grew up, continuing Zhang's blood. There are also stories about posthumous children who won two prizes, which makes people feel puzzling. Hong Wencan's family, old and young, became ghosts in the massacre, and only his wife Qiu returned to her family and survived. Qiu remarried the pregnant Zhong and gave birth to an exceptionally clever boy. He won the lottery at the age of 16. The jubilant stepfather wanted to celebrate his birthday in the ancestral hall, but he was stopped by his people in the street. Juren, who finally knew his life, abandoned everything and returned to his ancestral home to revive his family business in Zhongshan. Two years later, he won the second prize in the name of Hong. Since then, he has helped his half-brothers Zhong Yezong and Ye Ji to study and take exams, which is a beautiful talk. Who would have thought that the Hong family in Wuping County has a population of nearly 10,000, but it is because of this posthumous child that it can continue to develop. Today, there is a proverb circulating in the countryside: "Hong Zhong Guild Hall is famous forever."
After returning from exile, the newcomers took root and experienced two big leaps. Zhongshan, a rare "people's town" in the history of China, has finally come into being.
One is history, the other is reality, I want to say. ...
In the past few days, I have wandered around every piece of land in Zhongshan. There are too many historical sites in my mind, such as three ancient bridges, three cities covered by a tree, seven tigers, thirteen temples in nine wells and nine surrounding Shiba Zu villages ... The historical sites are silent, but they are showing the rise and fall of the "People's Town" for thousands of years. People's Town is lucky. Many enthusiastic people, county and town leaders, government departments, retired workers and even illiterate farmers like it very much. The development of Zhongshan is led by tourism, and its bright future seems needless to say.
It's just that I seem to think too much.
Zhongshan, a thousand-year-old Zhongshan, how did people who stood up again in the blood rain struggle to rebuild their inheritance? Are those indomitable figures still hovering in our hearts today?
In Zhongshan, where history and reality are intertwined, there are countless historical sites that support today's glory. Today, what kind of footprint should we use to expand tomorrow's glory?
Zhongshan, one of the few places in China where many people live together, has hundreds of surnames living in harmony. What kind of cohesion does it rely on? What enlightenment can this give to our socialist spiritual civilization construction?