One is Xianpa in Yuen Long, and the other is flawless jade. If there is no strange fate, I will meet him again in my life. If there is a strange fate, how can my mind be empty? One is crying in vain, and the other is worrying about nothing. One is the moon in the water, and the other is the flower in the mirror. I wonder how many tears there are in my eyes, how can autumn flow to the end of winter and how can spring flow to summer! -"Vanity Eyebrows"
A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragedy with a smile. A Dream of Red Mansions not only describes the life of three generations of a feudal aristocratic family from glory to decline, but also boldly accuses the feudal aristocratic class of its shamelessness and depravity, pointing out their hypocrisy, fraud, greed, decay and sin. It not only points out the inevitable collapse and death of this family, but also implies the inevitable collapse and death of the class and society to which this family belongs. The heroes created and loved by Cao Xueqin's brushwork are two ministers and traitors who dare to judge the dying feudal aristocracy; Those who sympathize and mourn are the victims under the feudal system; What is criticized and denied is the hypocritical morality and unreasonable social system in feudal society. On the one hand, it was the former wood and stone alliance, on the other hand, it was a golden wedding. On the one hand, it is the aura of fame and fortune that feudal society must pursue, on the other hand, it is a fascinating free body. A Dream of Red Mansions written by Cao Xueqin shows us this silent contest. The tragic love story of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu condensed all the smoke in this contest. "One is Xianpa in Yuen Long, and the other is flawless jade." The pursuit of quality is clean and neat. "In the face of all kinds of persecution and indifference under feudal ethics, even at the cost of life, the pursuit of quality and purity has never given up. While lamenting the love tragedy between Jia and Lin, we can see an important factor that caused the tragedy: Lin Daiyu's lofty personality was incompatible with the secular world at that time and could not be "integrated" with society. Her inferiority complex is the embodiment of her self-esteem and the beginning of her tragedy.
In A Dream of Red Mansions, she buries flowers, which is the focus of her personality. Her inferiority, self-esteem and self-pity are fully revealed in her "mourning poems": "Flowers wither, flowers fly all over the sky, and the fragrance dies. Who has pity for the fragrance?" "Three hundred and sixty days a year, wind knives and frost swords are pressed against each other, bright and bright, and it is hard to find a wandering. Flowers bloom easily, but they fall hard to find. I am worried about burying people in front of the steps, stealing flowers and crying alone, and spilling blood on the branches. " "May Nong have wings this day and fly to the end of the day with flowers. The day is over! Where is Xiangshan? Without a trick, I hid my love with a pure land. It's better to be clean than trapped in a ditch. I am going to die and be buried, but I don't know when Nong will die. The man who buried the flowers is laughing today, but who did he know when he buried them? Let's see the residual flowers of spring gradually falling, which is the time when beauty dies of old age. If you don't mourn for me, I don't know that flowers will fall and people will die. "
A secular person can't understand her thoughts. "I am dead and buried, but when will I die?" The man who buried the flowers is laughing today. Who did he know when he buried them? "In the face of falling flowers, she thought of the scene after her death, and she couldn't let go and shed tears. In front of feudal ethics, her inferiority aroused her self-esteem. When Baoyu was beaten, it was difficult for a clever woman to send Dan medicine to Xue Baochai, who had no rice to cook, and she also advised Baoyu to change his ways with admonition. As a supporter of Baoyu, a rebel of feudal ethics, Lin Daiyu, who is kind and aloof, just cried blindly, tears like peaches. Her crying is not weak. She sincerely supported Baoyu with her unique emotional experience of crying, and silently opposed feudal ethics. Therefore, it is only recently that I have a heart and a favorite.
"Quiet as a flower shines on the water, moving like a weak willow, the heart is dry, and the disease is as good as Xizi wins three points." Through Jia Baoyu's eyes, the author depicts a morbid beauty that is intelligent, versatile, beautiful and weak. Such a weak woman ignores the secular traditional laws and does the opposite. After countless times of destruction, when the end of life came, the ferocious face of feudal society accelerated her death. After reading A Dream of Red Mansions, we will never forget the scene before Daiyu died. When she was dying, Zijuan asked for help everywhere, but no one wanted to help. The old lady moved Baoyu's marriage to another place to avoid disaster. On the one hand, it is a festive scene of marriage, on the other hand, it is a sadness before death. "The day is over! Where is Xiangshan? " No wonder Daiyu buried flowers and kept chanting. Where is a clean and ideal place? Where is my own ideal place? Is it Xiang Qiu? The real society I live in now is filthy. I want to find my ideal place. Daiyu will never give up her pursuit of freedom until she dies. We are worried and dissatisfied with this. Under the yoke of feudalism, a pair of young men and women who are pursuing freedom are writing Where Are You Going? "Don't mourn for me, I don't know if the flowers fall and people die!" In this way, Daiyu died in the sound of Baoyu's wedding drums. Left with her sweetness. Where is the sweetness? Sweetness gains understanding and love in a world where one person does not accept the world and the world does not accept people. In the lonely world, Baoyu is the eternal warmth in her heart. In this world where love is nowhere to be found, Baoyu is the eternal pain in her heart. Although in the end she became a victim of those feudal systems.
"It's true when it's fake, it's really fake, and there's no way." The fake is true, which makes people wonder everything in A Dream of Red Mansions. As a soul figure, Lin Daiyu is different from ordinary people. She is her, a bunch of lofty, aloof and narcissistic empty valleys. Lin Daiyu's inferiority complex was given by fate, and she also wrote about her fate.
Notes on Water Margin (1)-Drunk Jiang Menshen
Song Wu killed Ximen Qing, was sent to banishment in Mengzhou, and met Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang in Hengpo. But these are not exciting enough, but this episode of Song Wu's drunken beating of Jiang Menshen is the most exciting.
In this episode, Song Wu helped Mercy recapture the Happy Forest for personal friendship, and every wine officer on the way ate three bowls of wine. These two points show that he has a feeling of letting go of himself.
And his teasing before hitting Jiang Menshen was even more wonderful. He first found fault with the wine officer, and then provoked Jiang Menshen and beat him hard, which can prove that Song Wu was a careless person.
He can also be divided into several details when flirting. He changed the wine three times, and then said that he would let Jiang Menshen's concubine drink with him. If the wine is full, he will fight with them (including Jiang Menshen here).
After he killed Jiang Menshen, he was afraid that he would sue the official. When he asked Jiang Menshen for the third thing, he was afraid that he would sue officials and take back Happy Forest in the future, so he was told to leave Mengzhou and not to live here. This also shows how careful Song Wu is.
Notes on Water Margin (II) —— Four Tigers in Yiling
Li Kui jy saw the reunion of Song Jiang and his son and missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang Village in Yishui County to visit his mother.
On the way, I met Gui Li as a fake Li Kui jy threat. Gui Li was defeated and asked for forgiveness, saying that he had a 90-year-old mother. Killing him means killing him and his mother. Li Kui jy took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go.
I don't think the author likes people like Gui Li, so he let Gui Li and Li Kui meet again and let Li Kui kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is to make those readers agree with him. After reading him, he has a heroic temperament, as if he were Li Kui jy. It's wonderful that Li Kui jy killed Gui Li.
But later, when Li Kui jy carried his mother through Yiling, the scene of killing the tiger was the most wonderful. First, I went to fetch water, and then I found my mother missing, and I found two tigers with two legs. I killed the tiger in a rage, and the male tiger and the female tiger came to seek revenge and were killed.
Unfortunately, he killed the tiger, was invited to his house, and was caught. After reading this, everyone wants to defend Li Kui jy, which shows the author's good intentions.
Notes on the Water Margin (III) —— Resentful Lion House
Song Wu was in yanggu county and went to Beijing for business. Only when I came back did I know that my brother Wu Dalang was dead. Song Wu became suspicious and discovered the truth. He went to sue the official, but the county museum took bribes. In desperation, he avenged Wu Dalang in Lion Building.
One of the highlights is the part that killed Ximen Qing in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing got the consequences she deserved, and Song Wu was sent to Mengzhou to kill the people. I think it is possible that the author is satirizing the fatuity of the imperial court at that time. Ximen Qing's description here is simply "smelly", and almost anyone who reads it will scold him a word or two, which shows how good the author describes the characters!
Reading Notes of Water Margin (IV) —— Selling Knives in Bianjing City
Yang has no money, so he has to sell his treasure knife and earn some money in another country to make a living. Who knows that when selling knives, the local ruffians and scalpers insulted them in every way, and Yang Zhi couldn't bear it anymore. He killed Niu Er and went to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to banishment to Daming House.
The most interesting scene is that Yang Zhi sells knives. First, I asked who bought the knife. After Niu Er came, I asked him to try this knife. Niu Er tried every means to obstruct and humiliate him, and was finally killed. This tells us what some hooligans were like then. Niu Er's death not only vented his anger at the characters in the book, but also made readers feel relieved after reading it. Perhaps this is what the author wrote by grasping the reader's psychology.
Notes on Water Margin (V) —— Poems of Xunyang Tower
After Song Jiang arrived in Jiangzhou, he met Shen Xing Taibao and others. One day, drinking in Xunyang Building, I wrote an anti-poem on the wall and left my name. Huang Wenbing finally met him on death row.
This incident made Song Jiang laugh and cry for the readers. I don't know what to say about him, and this episode is nothing exciting. It's just that the author can write Song Jiang to the extent that readers can't say anything about Song Jiang. It's really amazing. I can only say that Song Jiang is too confused to mention any poems. It is with this episode that we can better set off the scene of the next episode. Song Jiang's poems were robbed for a while to set off the scene of cutting the court behind him. Indeed, it is better to be with Song Jiang's poems than with others. One is that you can't say anything, and the other is that you can make them stop the court for more reasons. So I think this episode is good.
The Journey to the West's Reading Notes
Growing up, I have read The Journey to the West many times. The first time I saw it, it was purely for its twists and turns and interesting plot. After reading it, I have some opinions on the characters and behaviors in the book. My favorite in The Journey to the West is the Monkey King, who is kind, naughty, smart, powerful, outspoken to immortals, persistent in beating monsters (especially Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon), and friendly to brothers, teachers and monkeys. Among the four Tang Priests, the Monkey King is often the first to find monsters, but his master Tang Priests is always easily deceived by monsters dressed as good people, punishing Wukong for killing monsters, and even driving him away regardless of his explanation. Although Wukong was unwilling, he listened to Master and did not stubbornly follow him. But when Bajie asked him for help again, as soon as he heard that the master was in trouble, he let bygones be bygones and ran to save the master without hesitation, without a complaint. Although he is impulsive, hot-tempered, and sometimes impulsive to kill people, in my opinion, those people all deserve it. They are bandits and tyrants who have killed countless people, but Tang Priest, who believes in Buddhism, doesn't believe him. Anyway, he won't let Wukong kill people, but he doesn't care if those wicked people harm others. I always feel that Wukong is wronged. Tang priest is one of the four of them, which makes it difficult for me to understand. He is always taken away by monsters. Among the four masters and apprentices, he always brings trouble, but he has no skill. He only knows that there is no Amitabha in the south, and sometimes there is trouble. If there is no Wukong, I think he must have gone to another Buddhist paradise. He is a kind and helpful teacher who can't tell whether a person is a demon or not. When he sees monsters hurting people, he always lets Wukong and others catch them. However, when Wukong killed those who had harmed ordinary people, he was shocked. Not only can he say spells, but sometimes he will drive him away. Doesn't he think that if Wukong doesn't kill people, they will harm people again, so isn't it a life for one more life? However, Tang Priest also has extraordinary perseverance. In order to get to the Western Heaven for the benefit of the people, he not only didn't want to get to the Western Heaven quickly without letting Wukong fly to get it himself, but even asked himself to be down-to-earth every step and never asked Wukong to help him fly. Tang Priest met many people on the road who tried their best to keep him, even offered him Jinshan Yinshan, and even the whole country, but he refused. I think this is because he has always insisted on learning from the scriptures. Pig Bajie is a lazy and greedy big fat pig. Sometimes Wukong asked him to find some fruits for his master to eat. He either slept on the road or picked a lot of fruits, but he ate them all on the way back, which often caused the other three people to wait for him in the same place. When he came back, he just found an excuse to tell a lie and tried to perfunctory things, but he was always caught by the clever Wukong, which made a mess. I think Bajie always thinks about this and that on his way to learn the scriptures, instead of hiding a little money here and a little treasure there. He always thinks about Gao Laozhuang's daughter-in-law and Chang 'e, and when his master is arrested, he always says, "Let's pack up and break up" and "I'm going back to Gao Laozhuang". He also has a bad habit of always boasting. Sometimes, when Wukong defeated the monster, he also vividly boasted to others how he defeated the monster. However, he sometimes plays a role. For example, Master was arrested for nothing. He came to Huaguoshan to get the monkey out and finally saved Master. Therefore, I think Bajie is quite cute. Although he uses his brain from time to time, he also has a spark of wisdom. Friar Sand is the most honest of the three disciples. He is loyal to his master and respectful to his two senior brothers. However, it is not soft to fight monsters. Although it is not as powerful as Wukong, it can still protect the master at the critical moment. Moreover, among the four master and apprentice, he is the most alert person except Wukong. You can also remind the master. Although Journey to the West is very old, I believe its charm will last forever, because these four men and women really have their own strong points and are very attractive.
Reflections on the Cultural Journey
Recently, I read Mr. Yu's "Cultural Journey" and was attracted, intoxicated and impressed by his profound knowledge of literature and history and profound cultural connotation.
Tracing back, thinking and asking questions about a pair of China cultures.
In Cultural Journey, most articles carry out such a theme: tracing back, thinking and asking questions about China culture. For example, the description of Guangzhou in A Tale of Five Cities. The author says that Guangzhou has been eccentric since ancient times, because it is far from the capital and close to the ocean; In modern Guangzhou, "going north often fails." Then come back, still drink morning tea and visit the flower market. You loaf around and live a secular love life. "Yes, from Kang Youwei's Reform Movement of 1898 to now, Guangzhou people have experienced numerous failures in going north, but after the failure, they still casually continued their leisurely tea drinking culture. By commenting on a series of idle lives of Guangzhou people, such as "sighing for morning tea" and "wandering around the flower street", the author points the finger at the selfish and negative psychology of Guangzhou people, which is "nothing to do with themselves". With the reform and opening up, although Guangzhou people still retain their own unique "tea drinking culture" and "flower market culture", they have abandoned the selfishness and passivity of the past-"In recent years, Guangzhou seems to be talking to the north again, busy, open and brave. However, this speech is different from the previous one. It doesn't have to give up morning tea and flower market for the time being. It is so thick and bitter that generous words mingle with tea and flowers and float far away. "While asking questions and thinking about the unique culture of Guangzhou people, the author does not forget to recognize Guangzhou's achievements in reform and opening up.
With his unique way of thinking and writing, I look back, ask and think about many cultural landscapes such as cities and towns, and even the whole cultural spirit of China.
Second, look for the cultural soul with the help of landscape.
The main purpose of the book Cultural Journey is to find the soul of culture and the secret of life with the help of scenery, and to explore the historical fate of China culture and the personality composition of China literati. The author's prose form is really different, but after reading the content of this book, readers will be disappointed if they want to find out what Tianyi Pavilion, Mogao Grottoes, Tianzhu Mountain and even Zhouzhuang and Tongli in Jiangnan Town are like. Because the author hardly said a word about the characteristics of specific scenic spots, his outstanding point is that after pointing out a certain place, he condensed a rich and gloomy picture of life in the form of lens switching in a movie, and then entered direct expression. This kind of recitation strives to gain the first voice with fiery emotion and exaggerated words, and then spreads all kinds of reverie and discussion on China's history and culture with momentum in all directions, so that readers are infected by the emotion of the article and unconsciously influenced by the unique cultural background, humanistic spirit and mental journey. This kind of creativity runs through the whole "cultural journey". In The Stormy Pavilion, the author did not describe the scenery of the Pavilion, but focused on how Fan Qin and his successors protected these tens of thousands of letters from home at a heavy price. Zhu traveled thousands of miles from Chong 'an, Fujian Province to Yuelu Academy, risking his dismissal or even being arrested and beheaded to give lectures to students.
With his profound knowledge of literature and history, rich cultural perception and artistic expression, Yu not only reveals the great connotation of China culture, but also provides a brand-new example for contemporary prose circles.