The famille rose porcelain in the Republic of China was the most exquisite, mainly the Yungan famille rose imitated by Guo Shiwu and the famille rose style, followed by the famille rose porcelain with no money or fake money written in the Qing Dynasty, and the so-called hongxian porcelain.
Guo Shiwu's pastel porcelain imitating Yongzheng and Qianlong is the most exquisite and has the charm of harmonious dry pastel porcelain. According to the introduction of Jingdezhen Historical Manuscripts, Ming and Qing Porcelain Appraisal, Antique Old News and other works, when Yuan Shikai was president, Guo Shiwu (formerly known as Guo Baochang) was appointed as the pottery supervisor in Jingdezhen, which was the last pottery supervisor in the history of China ceramics. This person mainly developed antique porcelain for a period of time before and after serving as governor of Tao. Because he lives in Jingdezhen, he is familiar with kiln workers and has the conditions to spend a lot of money to hire porcelain experts. Guo imitated the enamel and pastel porcelain of Yongzheng and Qianlong, with pure white embryo, fine painting and magnificent color. From 65438 to 0949, Guo's relatives donated porcelain to the Palace Museum, and there were many similar objects, mainly bottles. Most of the bottles are lantern-shaped, and the decorative patterns on the surface of the bottles are mainly figures, such as baby play pictures, Ma Gu's birthday pictures, Gao Shi pictures, and Qin, chess, books and paintings loved by ancient literati. Inheriting the method of color painting in Qianlong period, the enamel color is the main color, and pastels are added to some decorations, so the picture is beautifully decorated and lively. His brush strokes are all red seal script or regular script "Jurentang system", "Zhai Zhu" and "Tao producer". This fine product was called "Red Fairy" porcelain or enamel in the antique circle at that time. In the early years of the Republic of China, "Hongxian" porcelain has become synonymous with Guo imitation. Because of the high production level, "Hongxian" porcelain was very famous at that time, and many antique dealers made high profits.
In the collection of the Forbidden City, there is also an imitation Yongzheng pastel bottle, which was specially made by Guo Shiwu for himself. The bottle is about 30 cm high, washable in mouth, thin in neck, smooth in shoulder, round in abdomen and round in foot. The bottom of the bottle is mainly decorated with flowers, insects and butterflies in full bloom, such as begonia chrysanthemum butterfly bottle, lily insect butterfly bottle, orchid ganoderma lucidum bottle, peony bottle, rose bottle and plum bamboo bottle. There are two kinds of characters at the bottom of the bottle, one is the blue-and-white regular script "Qing Yongzheng Year System", and the other is the red-backed seal script "Guo Shiwu". Imitation Yongzheng pastel bottles are all white glaze and blue, some are gorgeous and some are elegant, with far-reaching effect and the charm of Yongzheng pastel. Look carefully, there are big bristles on the inside of the foot, the blue material is dark gray, and the material surface is not smooth, which is dwarfed by Yongzheng pastel.
Antique World During the Republic of China, there were many famille rose porcelains in Zhaitang style, which were painted very finely, and could be compared with Yongzheng famille rose. In the early years of the Republic of China, Tang's important titles were as follows:
Yishoutang. This device includes a small peach blossom bowl with broken branches, a lantern statue, a pot with flowers and beams, etc. They have beautiful shapes and elegant colors, and each porcelain painting is like a meticulous painting. Compared with Yongzheng pastel, the pink used in peach blossom is too bright, and the green mosaic is powdered, which makes the whole picture less stereoscopic.
Tang system. This passage is dedicated to Xu Shichang, the Northern Warlord. There are all kinds of pastel Hua Niaowen bottles, yellow peach bowls, flower cups, plum-blossom hanging beam pots and so on. All of them imitate the fine artistic style of Yongzheng famille rose.
Yanqing Architectural System. The specialty of Beiyang warlord Cao Kun. Judging from the information we have seen so far, the porcelains of "Yanqing Building System" are all big bottles. A pastel carved vase with a height of 100 cm was collected by the Palace Museum, and the words "Yanqing Architectural System" were written in red in the vase. This device is tall, regular in shape and smooth in decorative lines. "Thousand pieces" vases are also a major feature of porcelain in the Republic of China, including blue and white, colored glass, pastel and other varieties. In the Thai cultural relics store, the author saw a yellow pastel vase with a height exceeding 1 m. The figure painting is very fine, with good pastel and material color, which fully embodies the porcelain-making level in the early years of the Republic of China and has high historical and artistic value.
"Juren system" famille rose porcelain was specially made by Guo Shiwu for Yuan Shikai. Authentic products all have the pastel style of Qing Dynasty official kiln. Chengde mountain resort museum keeps a pink colorful bat vase with a red seal "Made in Jurentang". This vase is the same as Guangxu Imperial Kiln in shape, decoration and color. It is characterized by a slightly curled mouth, a long neck and a round belly. The neck is painted with colorful clouds bats, the abdomen is painted with red dragon playing beads and decorated with colorful clouds, and the whole body is decorated with golden borders, which looks magnificent. The Forbidden City collects a set of pastel tableware with blue-and-white seal script "Jurentang system", and its decoration imitates the rolling process of Ganlong pastel. There are blue-and-white cloud cranes painted in the vessel, and a group of pictures of cowherd and weaver girl are painted in blue and white in the vessel. The outer wall of the vessel is a rouge purple raceway with four mouths, and two pictures of the cowherd and the weaver girl are painted in pastel colors under the lamp. This set of tableware is said to be the wedding supplies of Yuan Shikai's relatives. The above two pastel porcelains made by Jurentang have the style of palace porcelains used in Qing Dynasty, which should be made by Guo Shiwu for Yuan Shikai. Antique world
At present, there are many famille rose porcelains used by the people in the Republic of China, with the largest number of tableware and tea sets. Some are light and thin, drawing flowers or landscape figures with rich colors. The porcelain bottom is imitation of blue and white or red color, or red color is a seal-style fake, or red color regular script is a four-character fake. But some porcelain paintings in this artifact are exquisite and can be collected, because after all, this is the highest level of craft treasures representing porcelain nearly a hundred years ago.
The famille rose porcelain of "Hongxiannian system" circulated by contemporary people are all very rough fakes. During the Republic of China, there was a pastel commercial porcelain, the color of which was red "Hongxiannian system". At that time, because Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor for only 83 days, after Yuan's downfall, some antique dealers used Yuan Shikai's title "Hongxian" as a hint of porcelain to attract business, and made many famille rose porcelains with "Hongxian title system" to draw flowers and birds. These fake folk pastel porcelains are all the rage and widely circulated at home and abroad. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a pair of pastel orchids and cave stone flowers calligraphy poems, both written in red, with regular fonts, rough and beautiful decorative paintings, slightly thick colors and soft luster. Colored porcelain with the style of "Hongxiannian" like this has certain historical and artistic value and can be collected. At present, there are some very rough famille rose porcelains in the society, and there are many dishes and bowls. They are not real "Hongxian" porcelains at all and have no collection value.
There are still many pastel vases and jars used by the people in the Republic of China, which are generally called "dowry" bottles. While painting famille rose official and female dramas, they also wrote ink poems, and some even brought the year number of cadres and the author's name. Most of these pastel porcelains are works from the 1920s, and some of them are lifelike and worth collecting. At present, in the cultural relics market, in addition to imitating the pastel porcelain of the Qing Dynasty, it also imitates the colored porcelain of the Republic of China. In the high imitation, Guo Shiwu's so-called "Hongxian porcelain" is the main imitation, and the lantern-shaped bottle is the main one. The bottle is painted with flowers and birds or official baby girls, and the bottom of the bottle is written in red with "Jurentang System" or "Hongxiannian System". This kind of fake is also very chaotic in the atmosphere of porcelain fever in the Republic of China. Its carcass is too thin and its ground glaze is too white and bright. From the perspective of decorative painting, flower-and-bird painters look like modern flower-and-bird paintings, and the faces of ladies and babies look like modern figures. Red money can't meet the standard.
Today, with the proliferation of imitations and the increasing improvement of imitation technology, both collectors and museum workers should constantly improve their level of identifying cultural relics, otherwise they will inevitably make mistakes if they are not careful. As the article "On Misleading the Collection of Ancient Porcelain" in the 2nd issue of Shaanxi Collection in 2000 said: "If you don't know the real thing, you can't tell the true from the false; If you don't understand fakes, you can't tell the truth. " This is really a truth summed up from practice.