1949 Jiefang to 1988, Cili County belongs to Changde District. By the end of 1988, Dayong and Sangzhi were under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. 1May, 988, Dayong City, a provincial city, was established with the approval of the State Council. 1April, 1994, the prefecture-level Dayong City was renamed Zhangjiajie City. Zhangjiajie is named after Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, which is famous at home and abroad.
Zhangjiajie City is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, at the junction of Guizhou Plateau uplift and Dongting Lake subsidence area, between east longitude 109 degrees 40 minutes and north latitude1/kloc-0 degrees 20 minutes, between 28 degrees 52 minutes and 29 degrees 48 minutes north latitude, bordering Shimen and Taoyuan County in the east, Yuanling County in the south and Hefeng and Xuanen County in Hubei Province in the north. The longest east-west border is 167 km, and the widest north-south border is 96 km. The city's total area is 9653 square kilometers, accounting for 4.5% of the province's area.
The landscape structure of Zhangjiajie city is complex, mainly including mountains, karst, hills, hills and plains. The mountainous area accounts for 76% of the total area, among which the most distinctive is the rare seasonal sandstone peak forest landform in the world. The city is high in the northwest and inclines to the southeast along the Lishui River. Wuling Mountain is a branch of Wu Yun, Guizhou. After entering the urban area of Zhangjiajie, it is divided into three mountain systems running through the city. The mountains in Zhangjiajie overlap and the surface fluctuates greatly, with the highest point 1890.4m and the lowest point 75 m.
The urban terrain is mainly mountainous, with higher terrain in the northwest and inclined along the Lishui River. The central part of the city gradually becomes lower to the northeast along the banks of the Lishui River, and the mountains in the south gradually descend to Shui Yuan. Wuling Mountain Range extends from Wu Yun Mountain in Guizhou to Zhangjiajie City and is divided into three branches. The northern branch comes from Fenglongshan, Hubei Province, and has jurisdiction over Lishan, Guiying Mountain and Qinglong Mountain in Sangzhi County. There are Tianxing Mountain, Hongxi Mountain, Chaotian Mountain, Qingyan Mountain and Maohua Street along the middle branch of Lishui North. The south branch is located between Lishui and Shui Yuan, including Qixing Mountain, Chongshan Mountain and Tianmen Mountain, and extends to Dalongshan and Tianhe Mountain in Cili County. All three branches went eastward to the alluvial plain of Dongting Lake and disappeared.
Zhangjiajie is famous for its unique tourism resources. Wulingyuan Scenic Area consists of Zhangjiajie, Hetianzi Mountain and Suoxiyu, the first national forest park in China, covering an area of 369 square kilometers. The area is dominated by the world's rare seasonal sandstone peaks, forests and valleys, integrating the beauty of Guilin, the wonder of Huangshan Mountain, the danger of Huashan Mountain and the glory of Mount Tai, and integrating secluded roads, small bridges, caves, lakes and waterfalls to "expand bonsai and shrink the fairy mountain".
Zhangjiajie is a treasure house of biological resources, with 850 species of woody plants 106 families, 320 genera and 46 species of vertebrates/kloc-0. Among them, there are 56 species of plants and 40 species of animals under state protection. Rare tree species include Ginkgo biloba, Davidia involucrata, Taxus chinensis and cherry blossoms. Precious medicinal materials include Ganoderma lucidum, Gastrodia elata, Polygonum Multiflori Radix and Eucommiae Cortex. Rare animals include giant salamander, unicorn, Sumen antelope, South China tiger, clouded leopard, macaque, civet and so on.
Zhangjiajie is rich in forest resources, and the forest land area of the whole city is 10 12 mu, accounting for 7 1%. The forest coverage rate reached 64.6 1%, ranking first in the province. The city has implemented the "beautification, lighting and purification" project, with per capita green space 1.55 square meters, which is an ideal eco-tourism area and international holiday resort.
Zhangjiajie, located in the mid-northern latitude, belongs to the prototype of monsoon humid climate in the mid-subtropical mountainous area, with abundant light and heat, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period, short severe cold period and distinct four seasons. The average sunshine, temperature and precipitation over the years are about 65438 0.440 hours, 65438 0.6 degrees and 65438 0.400 mm respectively, and the average frost-free period over the years is 265438 0.6 days to 266. Such a climate is conducive to the all-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishery. However, influenced by topography, landforms and other factors, China's climate is complex and changeable, and natural disasters such as drought, floods, strong winds and hail are also frequent.
Temperature in spring (March/May): 5.8℃, 1 1.4℃, 16. 1℃. In spring, enchanting is like laughing, watering flowers and hiking.
Summer (May/August) temperature: 19.7℃, 23.3℃, 22.2℃ Summer is green-summer, wandering.
In autumn (September/65438+February), the temperature is 17.9℃, 13.9℃, and 8.7℃ in autumn, if it is clear, enjoy the fruit and climb high.
Winter (65438+ February/February) temperature: 3.4℃, 0.7℃, 1.3℃ Winter is as clean as sleep-enjoy the snow, Xun Mei.
The elevation of Zhangjiajie city is183m, and the average elevation of scenic spots is1000m. Because of this difference, the temperature difference between day and night can reach 65438 00℃.
In Zhangjiajie, there are Tujia, Bai, Miao and Hui ethnic minorities with a total population of more than 700,000, accounting for less than 50% of the city's total population. Among ethnic minorities, Tujia has a large population, followed by Bai, Miao and Hui. Besides. There are Manchu, Dong, Yao and other ethnic minorities. The following are some brief introductions about Tujia, Bai and Miao:
Tujia nationality
Tujia people, the popular explanation is the indigenous people who have lived here for a long time, and they were called "Ba people" in ancient times. According to relevant historical records, Tujia people were distributed in the border area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in ancient times and lived between the Yangtze River and Yuanshui. It has never been completely relocated, and it is a very stable nation. As a clan name, Ba people used to be the unity of many tribes, and their ancestors were generally considered as Badong people in western Hubei, Nanapei people in Jianshi area and Changyang people in Changyang area.
According to Sima Qian's Records of the Five Emperors, as early as the Yao and Shun era, "Nan Man" existed and multiplied in Jiangnan and Hanshui areas.
The Han Dynasty called Baxian Nanjun Man, Wuling Man, Chonglou Man, Lishui Man and Zhong Mian Man (Tushan Man).
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called Wu Ximan, Xi Ximan, Tianmen Man, Qianyang Man and Jianping Man.
The Sui Dynasty called it "Yue Zuo".
Northern Xinjiang was called barbarians in Song Dynasty. In the history of Song Dynasty, The Biography of Manzhan was called barbarian, barbarian and official.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called Yi Tu, Tuman and Tujia.
It was not until the late Ming and early Qing dynasties that Tujia and Hakka appeared in Chinese. The so-called "Tujia" is relative to the "Hakka", which mainly refers to the Han nationality. "Tujia" means "local" and "Hakka" means "foreigner", which only appeared after more Han Chinese moved to Tujia area. It turns out that Tujia people call themselves "nose", and so do Cubans, but "nose" does not mean "local". "Bitz" is a self-proclaimed Tujia nationality, which existed in ancient times, while "local" is a Chinese title that appeared only after more Han Chinese moved to Tujia areas.
Tujia is a hardworking and brave people. Tujia people living in Zhangjiajie city have increased their courage because of Wuling Mountain, and Wuling Mountain has also shown more and more spirit because of Tujia people. It really means that birds of a feather flock together.