[Edit this paragraph] Zhongzhou ancient music Guangdong Han music is distributed in Meizhou, Shantou, Shaoguan, Huiyang and other areas of Guangdong, with Meizhou dapu county as the representative, formerly known as Hakka music, Waijiang string music, Confucian music and Han tune music. According to the investigation, it was brought in by the ancient Han people when they moved south from the Central Plains. It is called "Zhongzhou Ancient Music" and has been circulating in Tai Po for at least 500 years. Guangdong Hanle retains the characteristics of the original Central Plains music, integrates with local folk music in Tai Po (such as playing eight tones and China military music), and absorbs some elements of Chaozhou music (such as big gongs and drums), becoming one of the three major music types in Guangdong. In the long-term circulation, China's music has had various titles. Such as Chinese Music, Zhongzhou Ancient Rhyme, Hakka Music, Waijiang String, Han Tune Music, Gong and Drum Blowing, Playing Eight Tones, etc. In order to trace the source, the first Yangcheng Concert in 1962 was officially named "Guangdong Hanle" after discussion by many musicians. [Edit this paragraph] Guangdong Chinese music has a long history. With the southward migration of Han people in past dynasties, there have been many large-scale southward migration of Han people since the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the 4th century. Especially around the Song Dynasty in the13rd century, the scale of southward migration was the largest. The Han nationality who moved south lived in eastern Guangdong, western Fujian and southern Jiangxi. First impressions are most lasting, then guests. The locals call them "Hakkas". Hakkas have brought the customs of a foreign land and the ancient music culture of the Central Plains. Zhongzhou Classical Tune and Gao Han Old Spectrum are old spectra handed down from generation to generation. Accordingly, Guangdong Hanle has a history of more than 1600 years, even before and after the Song Dynasty's death, it has been more than 700 years. In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1557), the column of sacrificial rites and music was set up in Tai Po County Records, which included musical instruments such as Qin, Qin, Zhong, Qing, Sheng and Xiao in detail, and attached five ancient scores of Zhong and Lu, which were used to greet, worship and send gods. In the folk, in the late Ming Dynasty, Luo Shuyu, a native of Langfeng, Tai Po, fled to the deep mountains and enjoyed himself by playing the piano and reading books every day. In the first year of Qing Qianlong, Yang Youlie, a Tong Ming scholar studying in Tai Po, climbed the Maoming Pagoda while teaching at Hainan Qiongshan Academy. Its biography said: "The willow leaves are in season, and the moonlight is like frost. When I returned to Zhai to help perform Water, I couldn't get away." See the characters in "Tai Po County Records" above, and call them "Confucian music". As for Zhong Jun's music, folk gongs and drums and octaves, etc. The tenth volume of Tai Po County Records, Ten Years of Qing Qianlong (1745) is a folk custom. "beginning of spring" contains: "On the first day of beginning of spring, various social organizations played, advocating that cattle turned against the soil, and farmers distinguished it by rain. D. "Advocacy is the general term for Zhong Junban's music and eight-tone gongs and drums. Let's talk about temple fair music. In the Tang Dynasty, monks and nuns were enshrined in temples. In order to adapt to the local folk customs, Buddhist songs have absorbed folk songs, ballads and popular tunes, and invited China military musicians to accompany them with suona, which has been inherited. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Anti-Japanese War, Guangdong Han Yuefu was quite common in eastern Guangdong. And there are more fixed music clubs in the town. " The "Confucian music" in this period has the following characteristics; One is to play China music and Pihuang at the same time. Han music and Han opera music promote each other. The second is to do research. Since the 1920s, Qian Ruochu (a native of Tai Po) has often published comments on "China Music" in Shantou Daily. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the monthly musical of the public welfare society was founded and published 1 1 issue. He Yuzhai, a famous master of Chinese music, arranged nearly 100 pieces of traditional silk string music, marked paragraphs and recorded the flowers in the performance in fine print. Notation has been improved. The third is the appearance of the empty board of silk string. Compared with the music score of this century, the old music score of 100 years ago has words and sounds appearing on the board (that is, the first beat of the bar), while the latter has become an empty board, such as Cui Zideng Detective, Your Legend and Thousand Miles Destiny. This is a re-creation in the performance of music artists, which has been recognized and licensed. Fourth, music materials are published one after another. For example, the Guide compiled by Wan Chuan of Jinyang Paradise (the name of the old county in Tai Po) was printed and published by Shilai (Singapore) and Shengyin Bureau in the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), which included 42 scores of public records such as Water Lotus and Xiaoyangzhou. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China, the Collection of the 5th Anniversary of the National Music Department of Xingzhou Hakka Association was published, and nearly 200 I-scale scores were annotated in detail. In the same year, the Music Score of China edited by Chen Xiaohu in Tai Po was published, which included 45 pieces of Gongchi music. On the eve of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Xingning Guoleshe published the lithographed "China's Music Score", with about 65,438+000 copies of Gong Chi music score. These publications have played a great role in the inheritance of Guangdong Han music. The fifth is to establish mass music organizations. For example, Chaozhou's "foreign wind national music club"; Yi Tong National Music Club in Tai Po "Yi Tong National Music Club" and "Baihou Confucian Music Club"; Shantou's "public welfare society" and "forming society" Xihe "Baoding National Music Society"; Meixian's Yi Guang Guo Le Hui; Xingning's "Xingning National Music Club"; Guangzhou's "Chaomei Music Club" and so on. It can be seen that Guangdong Han music flourished during this period. Sixth, the predecessor of Guangdong Hanle was Rao Yu in the Republic of China 16 (1927), and he successfully created a body Hu based on the erhu. With soft and rich timbre and wide range, the teapot is more suitable for Guangdong national music, thus replacing the hexagonal erhu. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, people's life was difficult, and China's music activities in Guangdong were greatly reduced. After the founding of New China, Guangdong folk music has been fully valued and greatly developed. The original music club was renamed as a society, and some became a Chinese opera club. Some China military artists have also joined the Han Opera Troupe, and their activities are more extensive. Especially in 1956, the "Hakka Music Troupe" represented by Rao Congju, Rao and Luo Jiuxiang went to Beijing with the Guangdong Troupe to participate in the first "National Music Week", which was a success. His performance of Guangdong Han music was well received, and Jing Guan produced more than ten music records such as "Single Nod" and "Zhao Jun's Complaint". 65438-0959 Luo Jiuxiang, a famous guzheng expert, went to Xi 'an to attend the National Guzheng Textbook Conference, and was praised as the representative of Guzheng South School. 1962, 16 musicians formed Guangdong Han Band to participate in the first "Yangcheng Music Flower Festival" and gave a special performance to set a record. In particular, the interesting folk songs such as Tea After Dinner and Marry a Good Lang performed by the China Military Class are highly praised by people in the national music industry. Since then, Guangzhou Conservatory of Music has opened a music class in China, Guangdong Province, to train musical talents in China. 1987 From late May to early June, Guangdong Province held Music Performance Week, and Guangdong Zhongle Group was invited to participate in six performances, which had a great influence. After 1980s, Guangdong Han music developed further, and many music materials and score materials were published. For example, there are 300 pieces of China music published by 1982. [Edit this paragraph] As one of the local folk music in Guangdong Province, the elegant and noble Guangdong Hanle has its own complete system and artistic style. Traditional musical instruments used in Guangdong Han music can be divided into Le Wen and Wu Le (percussion instruments). Lewen's characteristic musical instruments are touxian, violin, coconut palm, suona and Zheng. Wu Le's characteristic musical instruments are Da Gong, Wan Gong and Dangdian. Guangdong folk music is rich in repertoire and diverse in playing forms. In the 1980s, there were more than 600 music scores, including more than 350 pieces of string music, more than 60 pieces of China military music, more than 20 pieces of Na Xiang tunes/kloc-0 and more than 60 pieces of folk tunes. Its music comes from the court music of the Central Plains and ancient music, such as China military music Da Le and the string "South Entering the Palace"; Some are evolved or imitated from guqin music, such as "Yuqiao Q&A"; There are pipa songs, such as waves and sand; There are original dramas, such as Victory Order; There are also folk songs and minor tunes, such as Cut Flowers. Strings are divided into "cross-tone" and "major". Major refers to 68 pieces of music, and the rest are cross-tone. Guangdong Hanle is different from "hard wire" and "soft wire". According to its nature of use, the music of China military class can be divided into ritual music, joyful music, sacrificial music, tapping the board and playing minor tunes. Judging from the names of China's music works, there are Your Legend, Entering the Palace in the North, and Chao Di. , Liu,, Pipa, Romance of the West Chamber, etc. The Scholars, The Scholars, Welcome, Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom in Spring and Marry a Good Lang, etc. These are closely related to public life. In today's film and television art stage, you can often hear the elegant and noble melody of China's music "Water Lotus", which has become the masterpiece of Guangdong China music. Judging from the musical instruments played by Guangdong Han music, it can be divided into two types: literary music and military music. The characteristic musical instruments of Wenle are touxian, Tihu, Suona and Zheng. Wu Le's characteristic musical instruments are gong, bowl gong and clang. Guangdong folk music can be divided into five categories according to traditional playing forms, long-term playing habits and different uses. First, the silk string, commonly known as "chord." It is the most popular and popular performance form in Guangdong Han music. When playing, the first string (commonly known as "hanging gauge") or Tihu is dominant, supplemented by dulcimer, sanxian, flute, coconut tree and other musical instruments. The second is pure music, also called Confucian music. It pursues more elegant forms of expression and is favored by scholars. When playing, there are few musical instruments, mainly guzheng, pipa, coconut tree, flute and so on. It is also called "three heads" with Guzheng, Pipa and Hu. Third, China's big gongs and drums, also called octaves. It is mainly used in traditional Hakka festivals, such as folk games to greet the gods or Lantern Festival. When playing, suona is the main performance, supplemented by percussion instruments such as drums, su gongs, cymbals, bowls, bronze and gold, small gongs and horsemen (with eight tones). The fourth is Zhong Jun's music class. Historically, it was mainly played by professional or semi-professional folk music clubs. As ritual music, it is mainly used in folk weddings, funerals and festive activities. When playing, suona is the main instrument, supplemented by percussion instruments and some silk strings. Fifth, temple music. It is a percussion instrument played in religious ceremonies, mainly playing suona, percussion instrument and several silk strings. The traditional musical instruments of Guangdong Han music can be divided into two categories. 1. Wenle: There are head strings (commonly known as hanging rules), tihu, coconut palm, bass Hu, flute, hole flute, suona, sheng, moon string, sanxian, dulcimer, pipa and guzheng; Secondly, there are Wu Le types: positive plate (drum), auxiliary plate (drum), small drum, big drum, hall drum, clapper, cymbal, bowl gong, pawn, horse gong, small gong, brass gong and big gong. Guangdong is rich in China music. According to the compiled and published Music Collection of China, * * has 6 12 tracks, including 430 Sixian, 56 Qingqu, 23 China music gongs and drums, 62 China military music and 3 1 song. Representative tracks include Sixian Music A Little Tail, Jade Mountain Slope, Sifu, Suona Music, Fendui, Putian Music and Yu Lian, as well as Temple Music and Underwater Fish. Some of the music comes from the court music of the Central Plains and ancient music, and retains the court music method of the Tang Dynasty, such as China military music "Da Le" and Sixian music "South Entering the Palace". Guangdong's Chinese music is very popular with hundreds of schools. For example, Yuqiao Q&A is evolved or imitated from guqin music, while flower arrangement is transformed from folk songs. Victory Order is a drama. [Edit this paragraph] Art crystallization More than 700 years ago, China ancient music in the Central Plains spread from the Central Plains to remote mountainous areas such as eastern Guangdong, where it merged with folk percussion and temple fair music, forming a unique music genre and becoming one of the three major music types in Guangdong Province. Tai Po has a good foundation of China music. Folk music activities in China have a long history, and music performance points in China are all over urban and rural areas. According to the records of Tai Po County, Pu's custom is to "recite strings at home". According to incomplete statistics, there are 38 China bands, more than 60 family China music venues and more than 200 members of Guangdong China Music Research Association. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Guangdong Hanle was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.